[
 {
  "id": "g001",
  "latin": "Ioron",
  "greek": "Ἰωρόν",
  "other_names": "ancient city at Palatiano",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kilkis",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town remains at Palatiano",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic–Roman walled town with heroon and inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 41.146,
  "lon": 22.903,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491681,
  "site": "Palatiano (Kilkis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "archaeology; inscriptions",
  "note": "Name Ioron is a modern proposal; Pleiades lists the site as Palatianon.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 491681"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g002",
  "latin": "Bragylos",
  "greek": "Βραγύλος",
  "other_names": "Bragylai",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kilkis",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city of Macedonia I in Hierocles",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 41.001,
  "lon": 22.851,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 491555,
  "site": "unlocated, Kilkis area (Kilkis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles",
  "note": "Location uncertain; may lie in North Macedonia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 639",
   "Pleiades 491555"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g003",
  "latin": "Horma",
  "greek": "Ὅρμα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Almopia in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.97,
  "lon": 21.98,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated in Almopia (Loutraki/Aridaia area?) (Almopia, Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy",
  "note": "Known only from Ptolemy; the map point only marks the region.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptol. 3.12"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g005",
  "latin": "Europos (Almopia)",
  "greek": "Εὐρωπός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Almopia in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.946,
  "lon": 22.112,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491594,
  "site": "Almopia plain near Aridaia (Almopia, Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy",
  "note": "Known only from Ptolemy; Pleiades dates it Hellenistic–Roman.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptol. 3.12",
   "Pleiades 491594"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g006",
  "latin": "Almopia (city)",
  "greek": "Ἀλμωπία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city of Macedonia I in Hierocles 638",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.93,
  "lon": 22.05,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated in the Almopia plain (Almopia, Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles",
  "note": "Late Roman district city; may be identical with Europos, Apsalos or Horma, or the later Moglena.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 638",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g007",
  "latin": "Apsalos",
  "greek": "Ἄψαλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Almopia in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.91,
  "lon": 22.039,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 781836776,
  "site": "Toumba Apsalou (Almopia, Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric toumba",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; excavated settlement",
  "note": "Identification of Toumba Apsalou with Ptolemy's Apsalos is by name; excavated remains may give an earlier date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptol. 3.12",
   "Pleiades 781836776"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g008",
  "latin": "Moryllos",
  "greek": "Μόρρυλος",
  "other_names": "Morrylos",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kilkis",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic civic inscriptions and Asklepieion (3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Morrylian civic dedications; Pliny's Morylli",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.901,
  "lon": 22.808,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491665,
  "site": "Ano Apostoloi (Kilkis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Krestonian (Thracian/Pelasgian) area",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Pliny",
  "note": "Date approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.35",
   "Pleiades 491665"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g009",
  "latin": "Europos (Axios)",
  "greek": "Εὐρωπός",
  "other_names": "Europus",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kilkis",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "besieged in vain by Sitalces (Thuc. 2.100)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "Thuc. 2.100; Hellenistic decrees; Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.887,
  "lon": 22.555,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491595,
  "site": "Evropos (Paionia, Kilkis)",
  "modern": "Εύρωπος / Evropos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "renamed after the ancient city in the 1920s (earlier Ottoman/Slavic name)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA–EIA settlement in Amphaxitis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc.; inscriptions; Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.100",
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Pleiades 491595"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g670",
  "latin": "Klitai",
  "greek": "Κλῖται",
  "other_names": "Clitae; Chaetae (Ptolemy, if corrupt)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kilkis",
  "greek_from": -230,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "theorodokos at Klitai in the Delphic theorodokoi list (c. 230-220 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -230,
  "city_from_text": "city hosting Delphic theoroi c. 230-220 BC; Livy 44.11",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.8572,
  "lon": 22.82482,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491639,
  "site": "near Xylokeratia by Lake Pikrolimni (Kilkis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Delphic theorodokoi list; Livy 44.11; Pliny (natron of Clitae)",
  "note": "Site by Pikrolimni (ancient Lake Chalastra) is a modern identification; Barrington dates the site from the Archaic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Delphic theorodokoi list (Plassart, BCH 45, 1921)",
   "Livy 44.11",
   "Pliny NH 31 (nitrum Clitae)",
   "Pleiades 491639"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g010",
  "latin": "Kyrrhos",
  "greek": "Κύρρος",
  "other_names": "Cyrrhus",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Pella and Kyrrhos' in Sitalces' invasion (Thuc. 2.100)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "Thuc. 2.100; temple of Athena planned by Alexander (Diod. 18.4)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.832,
  "lon": 22.299,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491647,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Aravissos (Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc.; Diod. 18.4; Hellenistic polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.100",
   "Diod. 18.4.5",
   "Pleiades 491647"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g011",
  "latin": "Edessa",
  "greek": "Ἔδεσσα",
  "other_names": "Vodena (Βοδενά, medieval)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic walls of the lower city (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -217,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 5.97; Roman coins; Hierocles; see (692); medieval kastron Vodena",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.8,
  "lon": 22.054,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491585,
  "site": "Edessa (Pella)",
  "modern": "Έδεσσα / Edessa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Vodena until 1923, when the ancient name was revived",
  "ru_capital": "Pella",
  "muni_seat": "Edessa",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age–EIA settlement on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb.; coins; Hierocles; see (Quinisext 692); medieval see Vodena",
  "note": "Formerly identified with Aigai (now Vergina). Medieval Vodena is the same town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 5.97",
   "Chrysostomou, Edessa",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 491585"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g748",
  "latin": "Giannitsa",
  "greek": "Γενιτσά / Γιαννιτσά",
  "other_names": "Yenice-i Vardar; Vardarion (11th c.)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 1650,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "a Greek-language school in the Christian quarter (Varosi) by the 17th century, open until the early 19th; its Christians spoke Greek beside a local vernacular",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1383,
  "city_from_text": "Ottoman town of Evrenos Bey (c. 1383-87), a kaza seat",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Muslim (Turkish) majority; the Christians spoke Greek and a local vernacular mixing Slavic, Greek and Turkish",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.7917,
  "lon": 22.4075,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Giannitsa (Pella)",
  "modern": "Γιαννιτσά / Giannitsa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Greek form of Yenice(-i Vardar)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Pella",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Vardarion, attested in the 11th c.; Ottoman town from c. 1383 (793 Muslim, 25 Christian, 24 Jewish households in 1519)",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman town and kaza seat; Greek school from the 17th c.; Christian notables arrested in 1821",
  "note": "A mixed town: its 17th-century Greek school and Greek-speaking Christians are the evidence.",
  "decision": "Counted as a mixed town (†), dated from its Greek school (17th c.).",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Giannitsa (Ottoman registers of 1519; Greek school)",
   "Evliya Celebi"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g012",
  "latin": "Lyke",
  "greek": "Λύκη",
  "other_names": "Lykke (inscriptions)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Florina",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Lynkestis in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.765,
  "lon": 21.1,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 481902,
  "site": "Prespa–Florina area (Florina)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Roman-period inscription of the community (Lykke)",
  "note": "Epigraphy makes Lyke (Lykke) a community of Orestis near Lake Small Prespa, in Greece; Ptolemy is the basis of the older Lynkestian attribution.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptol. 3.12",
   "Pleiades 481902",
   "P. Nigdelis & G. Souris 1997 (new inscription from Lyke)",
   "K. Hatzinikolaou 2011 (cults of Upper Macedonia)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g013",
  "latin": "Ichnai",
  "greek": "Ἴχναι",
  "other_names": "Ichnae",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "silver coins with legend ΙΧΝΑΙΟΝ (c. 500–480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis of Bottiaiis in Hdt. 7.123",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.764,
  "lon": 22.591,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491619,
  "site": "west of the Axios near Achladochori/Nea Chalkidona (Pella–Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hdt.",
  "note": "The silver coins with the Greek legend ΙΧΝΑΙΟΝ (c. 500–480 BC) are among the earliest civic coinages of Macedonia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Pleiades 491619"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g014",
  "latin": "Pella",
  "greek": "Πέλλα",
  "other_names": "Colonia Iulia Augusta Pella; Diocletianopolis (Late Roman)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Bottiaiis in Hdt. 7.123 (480 BC); Late Archaic graves on site",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.123; royal capital from c. 400 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.754,
  "lon": 22.518,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491687,
  "site": "Pella and Nea Pella (Pella)",
  "modern": "Πέλλα / Pella",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Agioi Apostoloi (Postol) until the 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EIA–Archaic settlement remains",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; capital; Roman colony; coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "Roman colony on a nearby site after the 1st c. BC earthquake; same entry. The Pella curse tablet (4th c. BC) is written in the Macedonian dialect of Greek.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Akamatis, Pella",
   "Pleiades 491687"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g671",
  "latin": "Tyrissa",
  "greek": "Τύρισσα",
  "other_names": "Tyrissaei (Pliny)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 77,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Tyrissaei among the civitates of Macedonia in Pliny NH 4.34",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 77,
  "city_from_text": "Pliny's civitas; polis of Emathia in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.75,
  "lon": 22.3,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Emathia (plain of Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Pliny; Ptolemy",
  "note": "Site unknown; the map point only marks the region (as for Horma and Apsalos).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.34",
   "Ptolemy 3.12"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g015",
  "latin": "Allante",
  "greek": "Ἀλλάντη",
  "other_names": "Atalante (Thuc. 2.100)?",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Atalante submits to Sitalces (Thuc. 2.100), if the same town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "Thuc. 2.100; 4th-c. coins ΑΛΛΑΝΤΙΩΝ",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.735,
  "lon": 22.599,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491517,
  "site": "west bank of the lower Axios (Delta, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thuc.; Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "Pleiades equates Allante with Atalante; others place Atalante further up the Axios. If separate, Allante's first sure date is its 4th-c. Coinage.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.100",
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Pleiades 491517"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g016",
  "latin": "Kelle",
  "greek": "Κέλλη",
  "other_names": "Cellae (Itineraries); Kellion",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Florina",
  "greek_from": 300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "station Cellis on the Via Egnatia in the Antonine Itinerary (319) and the Peutinger Table (3rd–early 4th c. AD)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles; earlier station Cellae on the Via Egnatia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.73,
  "lon": 21.69,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Petres or Agios Panteleimon, Via Egnatia (Amyntaio, Florina)?",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "village Kelli (Florina) took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "perhaps the Hellenistic town excavated at Petres",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; Itin. Ant.",
  "note": "If Kelle = the Hellenistic town at Petres, greek_from moves to c. 200 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 638",
   "Itin. Ant. 319",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g017",
  "latin": "Skydra",
  "greek": "Σκύδρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pella",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Emathia in Ptolemy 3.12; polis in Steph. Byz.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "Ptolemy; Steph. Byz.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.71,
  "lon": 22.123,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491723,
  "site": "south of modern Skydra (Skydra, Pella)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the nearby town of Skydra took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "Pliny's Scydraei may push the date to the 1st c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptol. 3.12",
   "Pleiades 491723"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g019",
  "latin": "Sindos",
  "greek": "Σίνδος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis on the Axios in Hdt. 7.123 (480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 7.123",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.7,
  "lon": 22.793,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491717,
  "site": "tell between Sindos and Anchialos (Delta, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA–EIA tell; rich Archaic cemetery (c. 560–450 BC) with gold masks",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt.",
  "note": "Whether the people of the Archaic town were Greek or Thracian is debated; the town was probably absorbed into Thessalonike.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Despoini, Sindos (2016)",
   "Pleiades 491717"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g020",
  "latin": "Arnisa",
  "greek": "Ἄρνισα",
  "other_names": "Arnissa",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": -423,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first place of Perdiccas' realm reached by Brasidas (Thuc. 4.128)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -423,
  "city_from_text": "Thuc. 4.128",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.646,
  "lon": 21.7,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 481742,
  "site": "Eordaia basin, north of Ptolemaida (Eordaia, Kozani)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Arnissa (by Lake Vegoritida) took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc.; Steph. Byz.; Hierocles? (Macedonia I: Λάρισσα, emended Ἄρνισσα)",
  "note": "Polis status not explicit in Thucydides; site uncertain (not modern Arnissa).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.128",
   "Pleiades 481742"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g021",
  "latin": "Mieza",
  "greek": "Μίεζα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": -343,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aristotle teaches Alexander at the Nymphaeum of Mieza (Plut. Alex. 7)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -343,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Steph. Byz.); Hellenistic theatre and civic buildings",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.645,
  "lon": 22.123,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491664,
  "site": "Lefkadia–Kopanos (Naousa, Imathia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Steph. Byz. (polis); civic buildings; Pliny",
  "note": "Earlier cemetery finds may push the date into the 5th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Plut. Alex. 7",
   "Pleiades 491664"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g022",
  "latin": "Kampania",
  "greek": "Καμπανία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": 1100,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Kampania, suffragan of Thessalonike, in Comnenian notitiae",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1100,
  "city_from_text": "see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.64,
  "lon": 22.73,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "plain west of Thessaloniki (Chalastra area?) (Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae; Constantinople 1590)",
  "note": "A district see; its seat and its first attestation are uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g018",
  "latin": "Chalastra",
  "greek": "Χαλάστρα",
  "other_names": "Chalestre (Hdt.)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis on the Axios in Hdt. 7.123 (480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 7.123; 'city of Thracians' (Hecataeus F 147)",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.6312,
  "lon": 22.7297,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 491560,
  "site": "near the old mouth of the Axios, Chalastra/Kymina area (Delta, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village of Chalastra took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Thracian (Mygdonian) town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hecataeus; Hdt.; Strabo",
  "note": "Merged into Thessalonike 316 BC (Strabo 7 fr. 21, 24). Site unknown: some place it at Anchialos, but the Anchialos-Sindos tell is counted here as Sindos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Strabo 7 fr. 21",
   "Pleiades 491560"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g701",
  "latin": "Naousa",
  "greek": "Νάουσα",
  "other_names": "Ağustos, Niausta (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": 1668,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Evliya Çelebi (c. 1668) describes a well-known town of about 1,000 houses inhabited by Greeks",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1668,
  "city_from_text": "same",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.6294,
  "lon": 22.0681,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Naousa (Naousa, Imathia)",
  "modern": "Νάουσα / Naousa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Naousa",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "founded as a privileged Christian town under Gazi Evrenos in the later 14th c. (local tradition)",
  "status_evidence": "kadi and voivode; self-government and tax privileges; c. 1,000 houses (Evliya); 655 houses confiscated after the sack of 1822",
  "note": "Separate from Mieza (Lefkadia, c. 5 km SE). It may already have been a town in the 15th–16th c. (privileges, kadi), which would move it to period 6.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname VIII",
   "Wikipedia, Naousa, Imathia",
   "Vakalopoulos, History of Macedonia 1354–1833"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g023",
  "latin": "Thessalonica",
  "greek": "Θεσσαλονίκη",
  "other_names": "Thessaloniki; Salonica",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -316,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Cassander c. 316/315 BC by synoecism of Therme and some 26 towns (Strabo 7 fr. 21)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -316,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation; later Roman provincial capital",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Cassander",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.628,
  "lon": 22.953,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491741,
  "site": "Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "Θεσσαλονίκη / Thessaloniki",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Thessaloniki",
  "muni_seat": "Thessaloniki",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric toumbas; Therme and other towns in the area",
  "status_evidence": "polis; coins; Roman free city and capital; Hierocles; metropolitan see (Nicaea 325 on); medieval second city",
  "note": "Venetian 1423–30; Ottoman 1430.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7 fr. 21",
   "Vickers, Ancient Thessaloniki",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 491741"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g024",
  "latin": "Kition (Macedonia)",
  "greek": "Κίτιον",
  "other_names": "Citium",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": -171,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perseus musters his army at Citium (Livy 42.51), 171 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -171,
  "city_from_text": "oppidum in Livy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.6,
  "lon": 22.1,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, between Beroia and Mieza? (Imathia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy",
  "note": "The map point only marks the region; civic status rests on Livy's oppidum.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.51"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g025",
  "latin": "Aloros",
  "greek": "Ἄλωρος",
  "other_names": "Alorus",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": -368,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ptolemy of Aloros, regent of Macedonia 368 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -340,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ps.-Skylax 66",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.589,
  "lon": 22.597,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491519,
  "site": "Kypseli (Alexandreia, Imathia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric toumba",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax; Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 66",
   "Pleiades 491519"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g026",
  "latin": "Therme",
  "greek": "Θέρμη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek trading settlement at Karabournaki (7th–6th c. BC); 'city of Greeks of Thrace' (Hecataeus F 146)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.121–124 (Xerxes, 480 BC); Thuc. 1.61",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.582,
  "lon": 22.944,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491740,
  "site": "Karabournaki, Kalamaria (Thessaloniki)?",
  "modern": "Καλαμαριά / Kalamaria",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval district name Kalamaria; modern town a 1920s refugee settlement",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Kalamaria",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric toumba; Mygdonian (Thracian) land",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hecataeus; Hdt.; Thuc.",
  "note": "Greek polis of unknown origin (no mother city recorded); site disputed (Karabournaki, Thessaloniki toumba or Sedes). Absorbed into Thessalonike 316 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Hecataeus FGrHist 1 F 146",
   "Hdt. 7.121–124",
   "Pleiades 491740"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g672",
  "latin": "Balla",
  "greek": "Βάλλα",
  "other_names": "Vallaei (Pliny)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": 77,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Vallaei among the civitates of Macedonia in Pliny NH 4.34",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 77,
  "city_from_text": "Pliny's civitas; polis of Macedonia in Steph. Byz. (citing Theagenes)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.55,
  "lon": 22.35,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Pieria/Bottiaia (formerly placed at Palatitsia-Vergina)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Pliny; Ptolemy (?); Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "Site unknown since Vergina was identified as Aigai; the map point only marks the region.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.34",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Βάλλα",
   "Ptolemy 3.12 (?)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g027",
  "latin": "Kastoria",
  "greek": "Καστοριά",
  "other_names": "Keletron (Κέλετρον, Celetrum); Justinianic new city",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kastoria",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Celetrum, town of Orestis surrendering to the Romans (Livy 31.40), 200 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "oppidum in Livy; Justinian's city (Procop. Aed. 4.3); see (Ohrid 1019; Lateran IV 1215)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.522,
  "lon": 21.263,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 481877,
  "site": "Kastoria peninsula (Kastoria)",
  "modern": "Καστοριά / Kastoria",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval name Kastoria (from 10th c.); ancient Keletron",
  "ru_capital": "Kastoria",
  "muni_seat": "Kastoria",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic lake settlement at Dispilio nearby",
  "status_evidence": "Livy; Procopius; see; medieval kastron with Greek-inscribed churches",
  "note": "Keletron = Kastoria is the standard identification but not proven.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 31.40",
   "Procop. Aed. 4.3",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 481877"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g028",
  "latin": "Beroia",
  "greek": "Βέροια",
  "other_names": "Berrhoea; Βέρροια (medieval)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": -432,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "attacked by the Athenians 432 BC (Thuc. 1.61, if not Brea)",
  "disputed": "432 BC rests on Thuc. 1.61, which some emend to Brea; the first sure mention is 288 BC.",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -432,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Thuc. 1.61; certain Hellenistic polis (gymnasiarchal law)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.522,
  "lon": 22.201,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491546,
  "site": "Veria (Veroia, Imathia)",
  "modern": "Βέροια / Veria",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Imathia",
  "muni_seat": "Veria",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; seat of the Macedonian koinon; coins; Hierocles; see; medieval kastron",
  "note": "Thuc. 1.61 reading disputed; if emended, first sure evidence is 4th c. BC. City continuous to Ottoman conquest.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Tataki, Ancient Beroea (1988)",
   "Pleiades 491546"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g029",
  "latin": "Eordaia (city)",
  "greek": "Ἐορδαία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city of Macedonia I in Hierocles",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.52,
  "lon": 21.68,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Eordaia basin, Ptolemaida area? (Eordaia, Kozani)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles",
  "note": "Late Roman district city; seat unknown (the map point only marks the region).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 638",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g030",
  "latin": "Strepsa",
  "greek": "Στρέψα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tribute-paying Strepsaioi in the Athenian tribute lists (mid-5th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "ATL member",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.483,
  "lon": 23.139,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 491732,
  "site": "unlocated, east of Thessaloniki (Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Border city between Mygdonia and Chalcidice; origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491732"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g673",
  "latin": "Kolydros",
  "greek": "Κολυδρός",
  "other_names": "Kolindros (modern)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "See of Kolydros, suffragan of Larissa, in the 10th-c. Notitiae",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "Bishopric in the Notitiae (early 10th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.481,
  "lon": 22.487,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kolindros, Pydna-Kolindros, Pieria",
  "modern": "Κολινδρός / Kolindros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Kolindros continues ancient Kolydros",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (suffragan of Larissa, Notitiae from the 10th c.)",
  "note": "One of the medieval suffragan sees of Larissa. Coordinates are those of the modern village.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum (Darrouzès)",
   "Koder & Hild, TIB 1 (1976)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g031",
  "latin": "Aigai",
  "greek": "Αἰγαί",
  "other_names": "Aigeai; Aegae",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Imathia",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Argead royal seat founded by Perdiccas I at an oracle's bidding (Diod. 7.16; Hdt. 8.137–139), traditional date c. 650 BC",
  "disputed": "c. 650 BC is the traditional date of the Argead royal seat; the excavators trace the town's cemetery of tumuli back to the 11th century BC, which would make Aigai Greek from c. 1000 BC.",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "royal town; Archaic royal burials c. 500 BC; Hellenistic polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.48,
  "lon": 22.322,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491512,
  "site": "Vergina (Veroia, Imathia)",
  "modern": "Βεργίνα / Vergina",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "village formed in the 1920s from Koutles and Barbes, named Vergina after a legendary queen of Beroia",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EIA tumulus cemetery (10th–8th c.)",
  "status_evidence": "royal capital; IACP polis; Hellenistic coins; theorodokoi",
  "note": "Later tradition (Justin 7.1) makes Caranus the founder; date is traditional.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Hdt. 8.137–139",
   "Andronikos, Vergina (1984)",
   "Pleiades 491512"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g032",
  "latin": "Argos Orestikon",
  "greek": "Ἄργος Ὀρεστικόν",
  "other_names": "Diocletianopolis (Late Roman)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kastoria",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic centre of the Orestai (Strabo 7.7.8; App. Syr. 63)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Orestian koinon; Late Roman Diocletianopolis (Hierocles; Procop. Aed. 4.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.474,
  "lon": 21.244,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 481739,
  "site": "Argos Orestiko (Kastoria)",
  "modern": "Άργος Ορεστικό / Argos Orestiko",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Chroupista until the 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Argos Orestiko",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo; Orestian koinon; Hierocles (Diocletianopolis); Procopius",
  "note": "Founding by Orestes is myth; Late Roman walled town at Argos Orestiko taken as Diocletianopolis, whose people Justinian moved to Kastoria.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7.7.8",
   "App. Syr. 63",
   "Procop. Aed. 4.3",
   "Pleiades 481739"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g033",
  "latin": "Methone",
  "greek": "Μεθώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -733,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Eretrian colony from Corcyra (Plut. Mor. 293b), trad. c. 733; 8th-c. inscribed pottery",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -733,
  "city_from_text": "colony; ATL member; Athenian Methone decrees (IG I³ 61)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Eretria (settlers expelled from Corcyra)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.467,
  "lon": 22.583,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491663,
  "site": "Nea Agathoupoli (Pydna-Kolindros, Pieria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village of Methoni nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic, LBA and EIA settlement on the site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; IG I³ 61",
  "note": "Destroyed by Philip II 354 BC; later Macedonian settlement nearby (Pleiades 335229933).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Plut. Mor. 293b",
   "Bessios, Tzifopoulos, Kotsonas, Methone Pierias I (2012)",
   "Pleiades 491663"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g034",
  "latin": "Battynos",
  "greek": "Βάττυνος",
  "other_names": "Battynaioi (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kastoria",
  "greek_from": 193,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "decree of the Battynaioi within the Orestian koinon (SEG 27.243), AD 193",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 193,
  "city_from_text": "civic community (politeia) with its own magistrates",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.458,
  "lon": 21.099,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 481756,
  "site": "western Orestis, near the Albanian border (Kastoria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "civic decree",
  "note": "A politeia of the Orestai; urban status unclear.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "SEG 27.243",
   "Pleiades 481756"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g674",
  "latin": "Phylakai",
  "greek": "Φυλακαί",
  "other_names": "Phylacaei (Pliny)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": 77,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Phylacaei among the civitates of Macedonia in Pliny NH 4.34",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 77,
  "city_from_text": "Pliny's civitas; polis of Pieria in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.42,
  "lon": 22.45,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Pieria/Bottiaia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Pliny; Ptolemy",
  "note": "Site unknown; the map point only marks the region.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.34",
   "Ptolemy 3.12"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g035",
  "latin": "Anthemous",
  "greek": "Ἀνθεμοῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -510,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Macedonian possession offered by Amyntas I to Hippias (Hdt. 5.94), c. 510 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -357,
  "city_from_text": "given by Philip II to Olynthus (Dem. 6.20); Hellenistic–Roman Anthemousian civic inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.418,
  "lon": 23.284,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491521,
  "site": "Anthemous valley, Galatista area (Polygyros, Chalkidiki)?",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt.; Dem.; inscriptions",
  "note": "Anthemous may denote a district as much as a town; site uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 5.94",
   "Dem. 6.20",
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Pleiades 491521"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g036",
  "latin": "Pydna",
  "greek": "Πύδνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic cemeteries of Pydna (6th c. BC), Macedonian Pieria",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -470,
  "city_from_text": "'Pydna of Alexander', c. 470 BC (Thuc. 1.137)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.398,
  "lon": 22.615,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491703,
  "site": "Alonia/Kastri near Makrygialos (Pydna-Kolindros, Pieria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village of Pydna nearby took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic to EIA settlement at Makrygialos/Alonia",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax 66 (Greek polis); Thuc.; Diod.",
  "note": "Macedonian town of Pieria ('Pydna of Alexander', Thuc. 1.137); besieged by the Athenians 432 BC (Thuc. 1.61); moved inland by Archelaus 410 BC (Diod. 13.49), later back on the coast; battle of 168 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Thuc. 1.61, 1.137; Diod. 13.49",
   "Pleiades 491703"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g037",
  "latin": "Kitros",
  "greek": "Κίτρος",
  "other_names": "Kitron; perhaps Archelaus' inland Pydna",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": 500,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Late Roman episcopal complex at Louloudies (5th–6th c.), forerunner of the see of Kitros",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 869,
  "city_from_text": "bishop of Kitros at the council of 869–70",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.374,
  "lon": 22.578,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491704,
  "site": "Louloudies/Kitros (Pydna-Kolindros, Pieria)",
  "modern": "Κίτρος / Kitros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Kitros, a see",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "near ancient Pydna; Archelaus' inland Pydna (410 BC) perhaps here",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae; councils 869–70, 879–80)",
  "note": "Kept separate from Pydna, a different site c. 4 km SW.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 491704",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g699",
  "latin": "Kozani",
  "greek": "Κοζάνη",
  "other_names": "Kozana (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": 1664,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "sultan's firman obtained by Charisios Trantas (1664) granting the town privileges and barring Turkish settlement; school and library founded 1668",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1745,
  "city_from_text": "the bishop of Servia resides at Kozani from 1745 (see of Servia and Kozani)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.3006,
  "lon": 21.7889,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kozani (Kozani)",
  "modern": "Κοζάνη / Kozani",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Kozani",
  "muni_seat": "Kozani",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of 91 households in the Ottoman register of 1528 (kaza of Serfice)",
  "status_evidence": "privileges 1664; school and library 1668; see from 1745; merchants trading with Central Europe",
  "note": "Growth from village to town was gradual in the 16th–17th c.; 1664 is the first firm marker.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ottoman register 1528 and firman 1664 (summarised in Wikipedia, Kozani)",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια s.v. Κοζάνη"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g038",
  "latin": "Agassai",
  "greek": "Ἀγασσαί",
  "other_names": "Agassae",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -168,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city surrendering to Aemilius Paullus, later sacked (Livy 44.7, 45.27)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -168,
  "city_from_text": "urbs in Livy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.3,
  "lon": 22.45,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated in Pieria (Pieria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy",
  "note": "The map point only marks the region; Pliny's Agassae also.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 44.7, 45.27",
   "Pliny NH 4.34"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g039",
  "latin": "Elimeia (city)",
  "greek": "Ἐλίμεια",
  "other_names": "Elimea",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": -171,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perseus sacrifices at Elimea (Livy 42.53), 171 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -171,
  "city_from_text": "Livy; Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.289,
  "lon": 21.855,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491588,
  "site": "Elimeia, near Kozani? (Kozani)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy; Ptolemy",
  "note": "May be the same as Aiane or Kaisareia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.53",
   "Pleiades 491588"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g700",
  "latin": "Siatista",
  "greek": "Σιάτιστα",
  "other_names": "Kalyvia (earlier name)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": 1650,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "merchant town trading with Central Europe in the 17th–18th c. (furs, wine); 17th-c. painted churches",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1650,
  "city_from_text": "merchant town by the later 17th c.; residence of the bishop of Sisanion in the 18th c. (year uncertain)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.2564,
  "lon": 21.5525,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Siatista (Voio, Kozani)",
  "modern": "Σιάτιστα / Siatista",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Voio",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "earlier village of Kalyvia, named in the archive of the Zavorda monastery",
  "status_evidence": "fur and wine trade with Austria and Hungary; archontika of the 1750s–60s; resident bishop of Sisanion (18th c.); named in a document of the archbishop of Ohrid 1745",
  "note": "No single dated first mention as a town; 17th century given as best estimate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Siatista",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια s.v. Σιάτιστα",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g040",
  "latin": "Petra (Pieria)",
  "greek": "Πέτρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": 1100,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Petra, suffragan of Thessalonike, in medieval notitiae",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1100,
  "city_from_text": "see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.2,
  "lon": 22.27,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Petra pass below Olympus (Katerini, Pieria)",
  "modern": "Πέτρα / Petra",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae)",
  "note": "Seat and first date of the see are uncertain; Petra in Basil II's Ohrid list may be this see.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g041",
  "latin": "Servia",
  "greek": "Σέρβια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": 1001,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "kastron of Servia taken by Basil II (Skylitzes), c. 1001",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1020,
  "city_from_text": "see of Servia in Basil II's sigillia (1020)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.185,
  "lon": 22.003,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Servia (Servia, Kozani)",
  "modern": "Σέρβια / Servia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Servia",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Servia-Velventos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic settlement; Late Roman fortification",
  "status_evidence": "kastron; see (Ohrid, later Thessalonike)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Skylitzes",
   "Basil II's sigillia for Ohrid",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g042",
  "latin": "Dion",
  "greek": "Δῖον",
  "other_names": "Colonia Iulia Augusta Diensis",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic cult buildings in the Demeter sanctuary (late 6th c. BC), Macedonian Pieria",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -424,
  "city_from_text": "polis under Olympus in Perdiccas' realm (Thuc. 4.78)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.176,
  "lon": 22.491,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491572,
  "site": "Dion (Dion-Olympos, Pieria)",
  "modern": "Δίον / Dion",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Malathria until 1961",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Pierian (pre-Macedonian) land; LBA–EIA cemeteries nearby",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman colony (c. 30 BC); coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "Archelaus' Olympia festival c. 400 BC; city walls of Cassander; abandoned in Late Antiquity.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Thuc. 4.78",
   "Pandermalis, Dion (1997)",
   "Pleiades 491572"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g043",
  "latin": "Kaisareia (Macedonia)",
  "greek": "Καισάρεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city of Thessalia in Hierocles; Procop. Aed. 4.3",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.172,
  "lon": 21.841,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491625,
  "site": "Elimeia, near Aiani (Kozani)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; Procopius",
  "note": "Possibly the Late Roman successor of Aiane or Elimeia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Procop. Aed. 4.3",
   "Pleiades 491625"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g044",
  "latin": "Aiane",
  "greek": "Αἰανή",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kozani",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic public buildings, elite tombs and Greek-inscribed pottery (6th–5th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Classical centre of Elimeia; polis in Steph. Byz.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.165,
  "lon": 21.821,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491511,
  "site": "Aiani (Kozani)",
  "modern": "Αιανή / Aiani",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kalliani until the 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA and EIA cemeteries",
  "status_evidence": "Steph. Byz. (polis); archaeology",
  "note": "Capital of the Elimeiot kings.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Karamitrou-Mentessidi, Aiani (1996)",
   "Pleiades 491511"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g045",
  "latin": "Grevena",
  "greek": "Γρεβενά",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Grevena",
  "greek_from": 1300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Grevena (archbishopric of Ohrid) in the later Middle Ages",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.084,
  "lon": 21.427,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Grevena (Grevena)",
  "modern": "Γρεβενά / Grevena",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval name",
  "ru_capital": "Grevena",
  "muni_seat": "Grevena",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see",
  "note": "The date of its first attestation is uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g046",
  "latin": "Leibethra",
  "greek": "Λείβηθρα",
  "other_names": "Libethra",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "acropolis on Kastri hill inhabited from the 8th c. BC to c. 100 BC; Archaic–Classical levels of Macedonian Pieria",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "polis destroyed by flood of the Sys (Paus. 9.30.9–11)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.025,
  "lon": 22.535,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491650,
  "site": "Kastri hill, Leptokarya (Dion-Olympos, Pieria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA and EIA (Pierian) cemeteries",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 9.30 (polis); Steph. Byz.; archaeology",
  "note": "Polis status rests on Pausanias; dating of the town is approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 9.30.9–11",
   "Pleiades 491650"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g047",
  "latin": "Herakleion (Pieria)",
  "greek": "Ἡράκλειον",
  "other_names": "Heracleum; Platamon (medieval town and castle on the same hill)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Pieria",
  "greek_from": -340,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first Macedonian polis after the Peneios in Ps.-Skylax 66 (c. 340 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -340,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ps.-Skylax; Livy 44.8–9 (169 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.006,
  "lon": 22.598,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491617,
  "site": "castle hill of Platamon (Dion-Olympos, Pieria)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax; Livy; Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "A Hellenistic wall on the castle hill of Platamon fixes the site; the town's core is not yet located (perhaps on the NW side of the hill). The medieval town and castle of Platamon (a town in the 12th c.; castle rebuilt by the Latins 1204–1222) occupy the same hill.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Macedonia)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 66",
   "Pleiades 491617"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g048",
  "latin": "Phila",
  "greek": "Φίλα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -235,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Demetrius II, named for his mother Phila (Steph. Byz.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -235,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Steph. Byz.; Livy 42.67, 44.2–8",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Demetrius II",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.92,
  "lon": 22.619,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541045,
  "site": "near Pyrgetos, mouth of Tempe (Tempi, Larissa)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Steph. Byz. (polis); Livy (castellum/oppidum)",
  "note": "Livy calls it a castellum; may have been mainly a fortress.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Φίλα",
   "Livy 44.2–8",
   "Pleiades 541045"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g675",
  "latin": "Assoros",
  "greek": "Ἄσσωρος",
  "other_names": "Asseros (Ptolemy); Assorus",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Mygdonia in Ptolemy 3.12 (Asseros)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy; Steph. Byz.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.812,
  "lon": 23.01,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491529,
  "site": "near Assiros (Lagkadas, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Assiros took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Late Bronze-Early Iron Age toumba of Assiros nearby",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Steph. Byz.; Barrington (Roman-Late Roman site)",
  "note": "Hellenistic and Roman inscriptions are reported from Assiros; unconfirmed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptolemy 3.12",
   "Barrington Atlas 50 D3",
   "Pleiades 491529"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g049",
  "latin": "Argilus",
  "greek": "Ἄργιλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -655,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Andrian colony (Thuc. 4.103), 655/4 BC (Eusebius); excavated levels from mid-7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -655,
  "city_from_text": "colony-polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.115",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Andros",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Andros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.78197,
  "lon": 23.81238,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501358,
  "site": "near Nea Kerdyllia (Amphipoli, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "name said to be Thracian (Heraclides Lembus)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hdt. 7.115; Thuc. 4.103",
  "note": "On the Bisaltian coast west of the Strymon mouth; declined after Amphipolis absorbed it (4th c.).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Bisaltia)",
   "Thuc. 4.103",
   "Perreault & Bonias, Argilos excavations",
   "Pleiades 501358"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g050",
  "latin": "Lete",
  "greek": "Λητή",
  "other_names": "Letai; medieval see Λητή (from c. 900 'Lete and Rentina')",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins with Greek legend ΛΕΤΑΙΟΝ, c. 530–480 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -119,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Letaioi honours the quaestor M. Annius, 119 BC (Syll.³ 700)",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.74493,
  "lon": 22.97808,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491651,
  "site": "near Derveni / Liti (Oraiokastro, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "Λητή / Liti",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Aivati (Aivatli) in Ottoman times; ancient/medieval name given back in the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native Mygdonian town; Archaic–Classical cemeteries (Derveni)",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Syll.³ 700; Ptolemy; see of Lete (Notitiae), moved to Rentina c. 900",
  "note": "Attribution of the Archaic 'Letaion' coins to Lete is usual but not certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Syll.³ 700",
   "Hatzopoulos, Macedonian Institutions",
   "Pleiades 491651"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g051",
  "latin": "Bormiscus",
  "greek": "Βορμίσκος",
  "other_names": "Bromiskos (Thuc. 4.103)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -424,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bromiskos at the outflow of Lake Bolbe, 424 BC (Thuc. 4.103); assessed for tribute 422/1 (IG I³ 77)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -422,
  "city_from_text": "assessed by Athens 422/1 (IG I³ 77)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.67688,
  "lon": 23.67807,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501380,
  "site": "Stavros, outlet of Lake Volvi (Volvi, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 4.103; assessment IG I³ 77 (422/1); Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "Small community, but assessed for tribute by Athens in 422/1, so counted.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.103",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Bormiskos",
   "Pleiades 501380"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g053",
  "latin": "Arethusa (Mygdonia)",
  "greek": "Ἀρέθουσα",
  "other_names": "Rentina / Rendina (medieval kastron and see of Lete and Rentina)",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical town of the 5th–4th c. BC (excavations)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Greek polis in Ps.-Skylax (c. 340s); Pliny NH 4.38",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.65653,
  "lon": 23.62358,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501357,
  "site": "SW of the Rentina hill, by the Rhechios (Volvi, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Arethousa took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "excavations; Ps.-Skylax; Pliny NH 4.38; Itineraries; tomb of Euripides (Amm. Marc. 27.4.8)",
  "note": "The medieval kastron and see of Rentina (from c. 900) lies 0.7 km away and is counted here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.38",
   "Amm. Marc. 27.4.8",
   "Ministry of Culture, Rentina/Arethousa",
   "Pleiades 501357"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g054",
  "latin": "Apollonia (Mygdonia)",
  "greek": "Ἀπολλωνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Apollonia by Lake Bolbe in a Hellenistic writer quoted by Athenaeus (8.334e); Via Egnatia town (Acts 17:1; Pliny NH 4.38)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -150,
  "city_from_text": "town of Mygdonia on the Via Egnatia (Acts 17:1; Pliny NH 4.38); Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.6237,
  "lon": 23.46968,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491526,
  "site": "Nea Apollonia (Volvi, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "Νέα Απολλωνία / Nea Apollonia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "ancient name given back with the prefix Nea in the 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Acts 17:1; Pliny NH 4.38; Itineraries; Hierocles",
  "note": "Xenophon's Apollonia (90 stades from Olynthos, 382 BC) is a different Chalcidian polis, listed separately.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 5.2.11",
   "Acts 17:1",
   "Pliny NH 4.38",
   "Pleiades 491526"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g055",
  "latin": "Cissus",
  "greek": "Κισσός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -316,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the towns synoecised into Thessalonike by Cassander, 316 BC (Strabo 7 fr. 21)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -316,
  "city_from_text": "one of the towns synoecised into Thessalonike by Cassander, 316 BC (Strabo 7 fr. 21)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.6,
  "lon": 23.1,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Mt Kissos (Chortiatis), E of Thessaloniki",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 7 fr. 21",
  "note": "Known only as a component of Thessalonike's synoecism; probably a small town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7 fr. 21"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g056",
  "latin": "Stagira",
  "greek": "Στάγιρα",
  "other_names": "Stageiros",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -655,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Andrian colony (Thuc. 4.88), founded 655/4 BC (Eusebius)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -655,
  "city_from_text": "colony-polis; coins c. 530 BC; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Andros",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Andros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.59179,
  "lon": 23.79533,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501625,
  "site": "near Olympiada (Aristotelis, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Ολυμπιάδα / Olympiada",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Olympiada, refugee village (1920s) named after Olympias; the inland village of Stageira (c. 18 km SW) took the city's name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Thuc. 4.88",
  "note": "Birthplace of Aristotle; destroyed by Philip 349 BC and restored; small afterwards (Strabo 7 fr. 35).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.88",
   "Eusebius, Chron.",
   "Pleiades 501625"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g057",
  "latin": "Tripoeae",
  "greek": "Τριποιαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -422,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bottiaean polis in the alliance with Athens, 422 BC (IG I³ 76); tribute 421/0",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -422,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.56,
  "lon": 23.39,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Kalindoia (Lagadas, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76; ATL 421/0; IACP",
  "note": "Given to Macedonian settlers with Kalindoia by Alexander (inscription).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g058",
  "latin": "Calindoea",
  "greek": "Καλίνδοια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Macedonia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -422,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bottiaean polis in the alliance with Athens, 422 BC (IG I³ 76)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -422,
  "city_from_text": "Bottiaean polis 422; Macedonian polis after Alexander's donation; Roman-period decrees",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.55015,
  "lon": 23.36124,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491627,
  "site": "Kalamoto (Lagadas, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "Καλαμωτό / Kalamoto",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean/Mygdonian town",
  "status_evidence": "Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76; royal donation inscription; Roman-period civic decrees; Ptolemy",
  "note": "Alexander gave Kalindoia with Kamakai, Tripoiai and Thamiskia to Macedonian settlers (donation inscription).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hatzopoulos & Loukopoulou, Recherches sur les marches orientales des Téménides (Anthémonte–Kalindoia) 1992",
   "Hatzopoulos, Macedonian Institutions",
   "Pleiades 491627"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g059",
  "latin": "Camacae",
  "greek": "Καμακαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -422,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bottiaean polis in the alliance with Athens, 422 BC (IG I³ 76); tribute 421/0",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -422,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.53,
  "lon": 23.33,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Kalindoia (Lagadas, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76; ATL 421/0; IACP",
  "note": "Given to Macedonian settlers with Kalindoia by Alexander (inscription).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g062",
  "latin": "Aenea",
  "greek": "Αἴνεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -525,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "coins with Aeneas carrying Anchises, c. 525 BC; Archaic cemetery",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -525,
  "city_from_text": "polis with coins; ATL; Hdt. 7.123",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Aeneas (legend)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.4754,
  "lon": 22.83467,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491513,
  "site": "Nea Michaniona (Thermaikos, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "Νέα Μηχανιώνα / Nea Michaniona",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "founded 1922 by refugees from Michaniona (Propontis)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Livy 40.4",
  "note": "Legendary foundation by Aeneas; partly synoecised into Thessalonike 316 BC but survived.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Livy 40.4",
   "Vokotopoulou, Aineia cemetery",
   "Pleiades 491513"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g063",
  "latin": "Ardameri",
  "greek": "Ἀρδαμέριον",
  "other_names": "later seat at Galatista (Γαλάτιστα)",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": 1000,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "suffragan see of Thessalonike in the medieval Notitiae",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1000,
  "city_from_text": "suffragan see of Thessalonike in the medieval Notitiae",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.467,
  "lon": 23.283,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Galatista area (Polygyros, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae)",
  "note": "The site of medieval Ardameri is unknown; the see was later held at Galatista (medieval tower, 14th c.), counted here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae episcopatuum",
   "Papangelos, Chalkidike medieval topography"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g064",
  "latin": "Dicaea (Bottike)",
  "greek": "Δίκαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins inscribed ΔΙΚΑΙΑ, c. 500 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL (Dikaiopolitai Eretrieon apoikoi)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Eretria",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.46049,
  "lon": 22.94712,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491570,
  "site": "E coast of the Thermaic gulf (Thermaikos, Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins",
  "note": "Eretrian colony per ATL; foundation date unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Bottike)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491570"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g065",
  "latin": "Chedrolus",
  "greek": "Χέδρωλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.45,
  "lon": 23.2,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chalkidiki or Mygdonia, unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Unlocated tribute-list community, probably in Chalcidice.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g066",
  "latin": "Lipaxus",
  "greek": "Λίπαξος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the poleis of Krousis passed by Xerxes' fleet, 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called polis by Hdt.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.42,
  "lon": 22.98,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Krousis (NW Chalkidiki coast, Nea Kallikrateia–Epanomi), site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown (Euboean or local); unlocated in Krousis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g750",
  "latin": "Apollonia (Chalcidice)",
  "greek": "Ἀπολλωνία",
  "other_names": "Chalcidic Apollonia",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -382,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Akanthians and Apollonians, 'the largest of the cities around Olynthos', send envoys to Sparta, 382 BC (Xen. Hell. 5.2.11)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -382,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Xenophon (Hell. 5.2.11; 5.3.1-2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.42,
  "lon": 23.4,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, north of Olynthos below the Cholomon range (Polygyros area?)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 5.2.11, 5.3.1-2; Dem. 9.26 (named with Olynthos and Methone among the cities Philip destroyed)",
  "note": "Xenophon puts it 90 stades (c. 17 km) from Olynthos, so it is not the Apollonia by Lake Bolbe, c. 38 km away; destroyed by Philip II in 349-348 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 5.2.11; 5.3.1-2",
   "Dem. 9.26",
   "M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier (1971)",
   "Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography s.v. Apollonia"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g067",
  "latin": "Milcorus",
  "greek": "Μίλκωρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.42,
  "lon": 23.45,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chalkidiki, unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Unlocated tribute-list community, probably in Chalcidice.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g068",
  "latin": "Combreia",
  "greek": "Κώμβρεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the poleis of Krousis passed by Xerxes' fleet, 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called polis by Hdt.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.4,
  "lon": 22.97,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Krousis (NW Chalkidiki coast, Nea Kallikrateia–Epanomi), site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown (Euboean or local); unlocated in Krousis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g069",
  "latin": "Pharbelus",
  "greek": "Φάρβηλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.4,
  "lon": 23.3,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chalkidiki, unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Steph. Byz. Calls it a city of the Eretrians; unlocated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g070",
  "latin": "Cithas",
  "greek": "Κίθας",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.39671,
  "lon": 23.05591,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491637,
  "site": "Krousis (Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491637"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g071",
  "latin": "Tinde",
  "greek": "Τίνδη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.39522,
  "lon": 23.02639,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491743,
  "site": "Krousis (Thessaloniki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491743"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g072",
  "latin": "Acanthus",
  "greek": "Ἄκανθος",
  "other_names": "medieval Ierissos (Ἱερισσός, Ἐρισσός)",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -655,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Andrian colony (Thuc. 4.84), founded 655/4 BC (Eusebius)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -655,
  "city_from_text": "colony-polis from foundation; coins from c. 530 BC; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Andros",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Andros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.39336,
  "lon": 23.88668,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501339,
  "site": "Ierissos (Aristotelis, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Ιερισσός / Ierissos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Hierissos/Erissos (9th-10th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Aristotelis",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hellenistic and Roman city; medieval kastron of Ierissos; see of Ierissos (and the Holy Mountain) from the 10th c.; council 1590; Hierocles (Macedonia I)",
  "note": "Traditional date (Eusebius); Plut. Quaest. Gr. 30 has Andrians and Chalcidians contest it. Medieval and modern Ierissos lie on and beside the site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.84",
   "Eusebius, Chron.",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 501339"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g073",
  "latin": "Othorus",
  "greek": "Ὄθωρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.38,
  "lon": 23.15,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chalkidiki, unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Unlocated tribute-list community, probably in Chalcidice.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g074",
  "latin": "Antigonea (Chalcidice)",
  "greek": "Ἀντιγόνεια",
  "other_names": "Antigoneia Psaphara (Steph. Byz.)?",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -270,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Antigonid foundation, probably by Antigonos Gonatas (3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -270,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic city (Livy 44.10; Pliny NH 4.36)",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Antigonos Gonatas (probably)",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.37994,
  "lon": 23.05341,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491523,
  "site": "Krousis, near Nea Kallikrateia? (Thessaloniki/Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 44.10; Pliny NH 4.36; Ptolemy",
  "note": "Founder and date inferred from the name; site uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 44.10",
   "Pliny NH 4.36",
   "Pleiades 491523"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g075",
  "latin": "Lisae",
  "greek": "Λισαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the poleis of Krousis passed by Xerxes' fleet, 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called polis by Hdt.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.37,
  "lon": 22.95,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Krousis (NW Chalkidiki coast, Nea Kallikrateia–Epanomi), site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown (Euboean or local); unlocated in Krousis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g076",
  "latin": "Assa",
  "greek": "Ἄσσα",
  "other_names": "Assera (ATL, Ἀσσηρῖται)",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Singitic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "ATL from 454 BC (Asseritai)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.36929,
  "lon": 23.83052,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501363,
  "site": "near Pyrgadikia/Gomati (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.122; ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Identification of Hdt.'s Assa with ATL Assera is common but not certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501363"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g077",
  "latin": "Stolus",
  "greek": "Στῶλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL; Thuc. 5.18",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.36915,
  "lon": 23.66484,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501627,
  "site": "central Chalkidiki, site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Thuc. 5.18",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 5.18",
   "Pleiades 501627"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g078",
  "latin": "Sane (Athos)",
  "greek": "Σάνη",
  "other_names": "Uranopolis (Οὐρανόπολις), refounded by Alexarchos, brother of Cassander, c. 315 BC",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -655,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Andrian colony (Thuc. 4.109), taken by Andrians and Chalcidians just before Akanthos (Plut. QG 30), so c. 655 BC (traditional)",
  "disputed": "c. 655 from Plutarch (Quaest. Gr. 30) read with the date of Akanthos; Uranopolis may stand elsewhere.",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -655,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL (Sanaioi)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Andros",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Andros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.36357,
  "lon": 23.93481,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501599,
  "site": "near Nea Roda / Trypiti, at the Xerxes canal (Aristotelis, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109; as Uranopolis: coins, Athen. 3.98d, Pliny NH 4.37",
  "note": "Date from Plutarch (Quaest. Gr. 30) with Eusebius' date for Akanthos. Uranopolis (c. 315 BC) is usually placed at Sane and counted with it; some put it at modern Ouranoupoli or near Akrothooi.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501599"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g079",
  "latin": "Smila",
  "greek": "Σμίλα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the poleis of Krousis passed by Xerxes' fleet, 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called polis by Hdt.; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.36,
  "lon": 23.0,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Krousis (NW Chalkidiki coast, Nea Kallikrateia–Epanomi), site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown (Euboean or local); unlocated in Krousis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g080",
  "latin": "Dion (Athos)",
  "greek": "Δῖον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Mount Athos",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "assessed as a tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s); bilingual per Thuc. 4.109",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.22 (480 BC) and the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 4.109: bilingual peoples (Pelasgians, Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians) with a small Chalcidian element; Greek one of two languages",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.35594,
  "lon": 24.16378,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501400,
  "site": "NE coast of Athos peninsula (Mount Athos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native town: Pelasgians (Tyrrhenians), Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians (Thuc. 4.109)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109",
  "note": "Bilingual Athos town; dated from first Greek civic evidence (ATL), not from Hdt.'s 480 BC mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501400"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g676",
  "latin": "Prassilus",
  "greek": "Πράσιλος",
  "other_names": "Prasilos",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -422,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bottiaean polis party to the alliance with Athens, 422 BC (IG I³ 76)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -422,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the Bottiaean treaty",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.35,
  "lon": 23.22,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated in Bottike (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76; IACP",
  "note": "Known only from the Athenian–Bottiaean treaty; the district (Bottike) is known, the site is not.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG I³ 76",
   "IACP (Chalkidike)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g081",
  "latin": "Piloros",
  "greek": "Πίλωρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Singitic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "ATL (Pilorioi)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.34222,
  "lon": 23.72471,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501567,
  "site": "near Pyrgadikia (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.122; ATL; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501567"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g082",
  "latin": "Campsa",
  "greek": "Κάμψα",
  "other_names": "Skapsa (ATL Σκαψαῖοι)?",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thessaloniki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the poleis of Krousis passed by Xerxes' fleet, 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called polis by Hdt.; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.34,
  "lon": 22.98,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Krousis (NW Chalkidiki coast, Nea Kallikrateia–Epanomi), site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown (Euboean or local); unlocated in Krousis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g083",
  "latin": "Scabala",
  "greek": "Σκάβαλα",
  "other_names": "Skabla",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.33259,
  "lon": 23.59055,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501619,
  "site": "central Chalkidiki (Barrington)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Steph. Byz. Calls it an Eretrian place; location from Barrington.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 501619"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g084",
  "latin": "Olophyxus",
  "greek": "Ὀλόφυξος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Mount Athos",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "assessed as a tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s); bilingual per Thuc. 4.109",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.22 (480 BC) and the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 4.109: bilingual peoples (Pelasgians, Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians) with a small Chalcidian element; Greek one of two languages",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.33042,
  "lon": 24.19064,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501535,
  "site": "NE coast of Athos peninsula (Mount Athos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native town: Pelasgians (Tyrrhenians), Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians (Thuc. 4.109)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109",
  "note": "Bilingual Athos town; dated from first Greek civic evidence (ATL), not from Hdt.'s 480 BC mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501535"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g086",
  "latin": "Gigonus",
  "greek": "Γίγωνος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of Krousis in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL; Thuc. 1.61",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.32628,
  "lon": 23.02276,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491602,
  "site": "near Nea Kallikrateia / Agios Pavlos (Krousis, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.123; Thuc. 1.61",
  "note": "Origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Krousis)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Thuc. 1.61",
   "Pleiades 491602"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g087",
  "latin": "Spartolus",
  "greek": "Σπάρτωλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "chief polis of the Bottiaeans; ATL; Thuc. 2.79",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.31635,
  "lon": 23.15984,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491729,
  "site": "central-west Chalkidiki (Polygyros), site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Thuc. 2.79; Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76; Bottiaean koinon coins",
  "note": "Bottiaeans moved here after expulsion from Bottiaia by the Macedonians (Thuc. 2.99).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Bottike)",
   "Thuc. 2.79",
   "IG I³ 76",
   "Pleiades 491729"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g088",
  "latin": "Haesa",
  "greek": "Αἶσα",
  "other_names": "Aisa",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Euboean (Strabo 10.1.8; city not named)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.30927,
  "lon": 23.06037,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491516,
  "site": "Krousis (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "Origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491516"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g089",
  "latin": "Aeoleium",
  "greek": "Αἰόλειον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -434,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis from 434/3 (ATL); Bottiaean treaty 422",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -434,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.30246,
  "lon": 23.18162,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491515,
  "site": "Bottike (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP; Bottiaean treaty IG I³ 76",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491515"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g090",
  "latin": "Sermylia",
  "greek": "Σερμυλία",
  "other_names": "Sermyle (Hdt.); medieval Hermyleia (Ἑρμήλεια), Ormylia",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Toronaic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL from 454 BC",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "probably Chalcidians (Strabo 10.1.8, general)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.29822,
  "lon": 23.53963,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501605,
  "site": "near Ormylia (Polygyros, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Ορμύλια / Ormylia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Hermyleia (< Sermylia)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.122; Thuc. 1.65",
  "note": "Medieval Hermyleia was a village or kastron in the Athonite acts, not a city; counted here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501605"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g091",
  "latin": "Olynthus",
  "greek": "Ὄλυνθος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -479,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Bottiaean town given to Kritoboulos of Torone and the Chalcidians by Artabazos, 479 BC (Hdt. 8.127)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "Chalcidian polis from 479; synoecism 432 BC; head of the Chalcidian League",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Kritoboulos of Torone and the Chalcidians",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Torone (Chalcidians)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.29524,
  "lon": 23.35426,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491678,
  "site": "near Nea Olynthos (Polygyros, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Νέα Όλυνθος (Όλυνθος) / Nea Olynthos (Olynthos)",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "refugee village Myriofyto (Myriophyton), renamed Olynthos / Nea Olynthos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and EBA tell; Bottiaean town of the 7th–6th c. on the South Hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins (Chalkideon); Hdt. 8.127; Thuc. 1.58",
  "note": "Native Bottiaean town before 479 BC; destroyed by Philip II 348 BC; survivors went to Kassandreia 316.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 8.127",
   "Robinson, Excavations at Olynthus",
   "Pleiades 491678"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g092",
  "latin": "Pleume",
  "greek": "Πλεῦμε",
  "other_names": "Pleumes",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.29514,
  "lon": 23.20344,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491700,
  "site": "Bottike (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491700"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g093",
  "latin": "Sinus",
  "greek": "Σῖνος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s–430s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.29128,
  "lon": 23.22396,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491718,
  "site": "Bottike (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bottiaean town",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 491718"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g677",
  "latin": "Brea",
  "greek": "Βρέα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -445,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Athenian colony founded by decree (IG I³ 46, c. 445 BC), oikist Demokleides",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -445,
  "city_from_text": "apoikia of Athens from foundation; 'polis of Thrace' (Steph. Byz.)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Athens (oikist Demokleides)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Athens",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.28804,
  "lon": 23.12941,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 491556,
  "site": "unlocated; Barrington/Pleiades point in Bottike near Spartolos (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Athenian colony decree IG I³ 46; Steph. Byz. s.v. Βρέα",
  "note": "Site unknown (Chalcidice/Bottike, or Bisaltia if = Pericles' 1000 settlers 'with the Bisaltians', Plut. Per. 11.5); perhaps short-lived or absorbed by Amphipolis 437 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG I³ 46 (ML 49)",
   "Plut. Per. 11.5",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Βρέα",
   "Pleiades 491556"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g094",
  "latin": "Thyssus",
  "greek": "Θυσσός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Mount Athos",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "assessed as a tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s); bilingual per Thuc. 4.109",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.22 (480 BC) and the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 4.109: bilingual peoples (Pelasgians, Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians) with a small Chalcidian element; Greek one of two languages",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.28802,
  "lon": 24.15867,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501643,
  "site": "W coast of Athos peninsula, near Zografou? (Mount Athos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native town: Pelasgians (Tyrrhenians), Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians (Thuc. 4.109)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109",
  "note": "Bilingual Athos town; dated from first Greek civic evidence (ATL), not from Hdt.'s 480 BC mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501643"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g095",
  "latin": "Mekyberna",
  "greek": "Μηκύβερνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Toronaic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL from 454 BC; port of Olynthos",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "probably Chalcidians",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.27832,
  "lon": 23.3961,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491660,
  "site": "Molyvopyrgos (Nea Moudania, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EBA–LBA settlement at Molyvopyrgos",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.122; Thuc. 5.39",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 491660"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g096",
  "latin": "Singos",
  "greek": "Σίγγος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Singitic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL from 454 BC",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.25175,
  "lon": 23.72124,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501613,
  "site": "near Sykia/Agios Nikolaos (Sithonia, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Thuc. 5.18",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501613"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g097",
  "latin": "Cleonae (Athos)",
  "greek": "Κλεωναί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Mount Athos",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "assessed as a tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s); bilingual per Thuc. 4.109",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.22 (480 BC) and the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 4.109: bilingual peoples (Pelasgians, Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians) with a small Chalcidian element; Greek one of two languages",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.21418,
  "lon": 24.23365,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501469,
  "site": "W coast of Athos peninsula (Mount Athos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native town: Pelasgians (Tyrrhenians), Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians (Thuc. 4.109)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109",
  "note": "Bilingual Athos town; dated from first Greek civic evidence (ATL), not from Hdt.'s 480 BC mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501469"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g098",
  "latin": "Galepsos (Sithonia)",
  "greek": "Γαληψός",
  "other_names": "Gale (ATL Γαλαῖοι?)",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town between Torone and Sermyle in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "ATL (if = Gale)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.20001,
  "lon": 23.68856,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501422,
  "site": "Sithonia, north of Torone (Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.122; ATL Galaioi?; IACP",
  "note": "Distinct from Thasian Galepsos in Thrace; equation with ATL Gale debated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501422"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g099",
  "latin": "Potidaea",
  "greek": "Ποτείδαια",
  "other_names": "Kassandreia (Κασσάνδρεια, 316 BC); Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis (Roman colony); medieval Κασσάνδρεια",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Corinthian colony founded under Periander (c. 600 BC), founder his son Euagoras",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "colony-polis from foundation; ATL member; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth (Euagoras, son of Periander)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.1937,
  "lon": 23.32781,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491701,
  "site": "Nea Poteidaia (Nea Propontida, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Νέα Ποτείδαια / Nea Poteidaia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "1920s refugee settlement named after Potidaea (with Nea); the name Kassandreia went to Valta, c. 15 km S",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Kassandreia (royal refoundation 316 BC); Roman colony c. 43 BC; Hierocles?; see 879–80; medieval town",
  "note": "Refounded on the same site by Cassander in 316 BC as Kassandreia, with Olynthians and others; Roman colony; medieval see and town, taken by the Ottomans in 1430. A refoundation does not change the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Nic. Dam. FGrH 90 F 59",
   "Diod. 19.52",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 491701"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g100",
  "latin": "Acrothoi",
  "greek": "Ἀκρόθῳοι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Mount Athos",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "assessed as a tributary polis of the Delian League (ATL, 450s); bilingual per Thuc. 4.109",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.22 (480 BC) and the ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 4.109: bilingual peoples (Pelasgians, Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians) with a small Chalcidian element; Greek one of two languages",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.18383,
  "lon": 24.34933,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501343,
  "site": "SE end of Athos peninsula, near Lavra? (Mount Athos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native town: Pelasgians (Tyrrhenians), Bisaltians, Krestonians, Edonians (Thuc. 4.109)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.22; Thuc. 4.109",
  "note": "Bilingual Athos town; dated from first Greek civic evidence (ATL), not from Hdt.'s 480 BC mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.109",
   "Hdt. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 501343"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g102",
  "latin": "Aphytis",
  "greek": "Ἄφυτις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -725,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Late Geometric Eretrian skyphoi at its sanctuary of Dionysos and Zeus Ammon (late 8th c. BC); polis in Hdt. 7.123",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt.; ATL from 454 BC; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "probably Eretrians (Strabo 10.1.8, general)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.09937,
  "lon": 23.43661,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491525,
  "site": "Afytos (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Άφυτος / Afytos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "popular form Athytos (Άθυτος); classicising Afytos made official in the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; sanctuary of Zeus Ammon",
  "note": "Euboean (Eretrian) presence from the late 8th c. At its extra-urban sanctuary; no dated founding tradition.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Strabo 10.1.8",
   "Pleiades 491525"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g103",
  "latin": "Sane (Pallene)",
  "greek": "Σάνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "sanctuary at Sani in use from the 7th c. BC, with earlier Geometric remains; town of Pallene in Hdt. 7.123",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "listed among the poleis of Pallene by Hdt.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.09838,
  "lon": 23.30612,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491715,
  "site": "near Sani (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; IACP",
  "note": "Distinct from Sane on Athos; ATL Sanaioi may belong to either.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Pleiades 491715"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g104",
  "latin": "Sarte",
  "greek": "Σάρτη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town on the Singitic gulf in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.122)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL from 454 BC",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.08754,
  "lon": 23.9787,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501603,
  "site": "Sarti (Sithonia, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Σάρτη / Sarti",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "founded after 1922 by refugees from Afissia (Avşa), named after the nearby ancient Sarte",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.122",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.122",
   "Pleiades 501603"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g105",
  "latin": "Neapolis (Pallene)",
  "greek": "Νέα Πόλις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of Pallene in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt.; ATL (as colony of Mende)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Mende",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Mende",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.01732,
  "lon": 23.52923,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501522,
  "site": "near Polychrono (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL (Neopolitai Mendaion apoikia); Hdt. 7.123",
  "note": "ATL entry identifies it as a Mendaean colony; site uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 501522"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g106",
  "latin": "Aige",
  "greek": "Αἰγή",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of Pallene in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt.; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.97863,
  "lon": 23.66606,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501335,
  "site": "near Kalandra/Chaniotis (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.123",
  "note": "Site not securely identified.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Pleiades 501335"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g107",
  "latin": "Torone",
  "greek": "Τορώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Chalcidian colony (tradition); Euboean-type finds from the 8th c. at least",
  "disputed": "Protogeometric cemetery c. 1000–850 with Euboean ties; if its people were Greek, Torone is Greek from c. 1000 BC (Papadopoulos reads them as locals).",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.122; ATL; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Chalcis (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chalcis",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.97708,
  "lon": 23.90079,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501646,
  "site": "Toroni (Sithonia, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Τορώνη / Toroni",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EBA–LBA settlement on Lekythos; Protogeometric cemetery (11th–9th c.)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Thuc. 4.110; Hellenistic city; Ptolemy",
  "note": "The PG cemetery has strong Euboean ties; whether its users were Greek colonists is disputed, so the date is set conservatively.",
  "decision": "Dated c. 750 BC as a Euboean colony; the earlier cemetery and sanctuary finds are given as an alternative (see Disputed).",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.110–114",
   "Cambitoglou & Papadopoulos, Torone I",
   "Pleiades 501646"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g108",
  "latin": "Mende",
  "greek": "Μένδη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Eretrian colony (Thuc. 4.123); Eretrian-type pithos burials of the 8th c. in the coastal cemetery; PG–G pottery at its Poseidi sanctuary",
  "disputed": "Protogeometric–Geometric material at the Poseidi sanctuary; counted, it would give c. 900 BC.",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; coins from c. 500 BC; ATL",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Eretria",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.96378,
  "lon": 23.42228,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501515,
  "site": "Vigla near Kalandra (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hdt. 7.123; Thuc. 4.123",
  "note": "Poseidi sanctuary at Mende has Protogeometric–Geometric material; foundation date not given by ancient sources.",
  "decision": "Dated c. 750 BC as a Euboean colony; the earlier cemetery and sanctuary finds are given as an alternative (see Disputed).",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.123",
   "Vokotopoulou, Mende excavations",
   "Pleiades 501515"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g109",
  "latin": "Therambos",
  "greek": "Θέραμβος",
  "other_names": "Therambo (Hdt.)",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town of Pallene in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "listed among the poleis of Pallene by Hdt.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Eretria?",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.95,
  "lon": 23.66667,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501637,
  "site": "near Paliouri (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.123; IACP",
  "note": "Known almost only from Hdt.; polis status weak.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Hdt. 7.123",
   "Pleiades 501637"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g110",
  "latin": "Scione",
  "greek": "Σκιώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chalcidice",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Chalkidiki",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of Pallene in 480 BC (Hdt. 7.123; Skyllias of Skione, Hdt. 8.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis; ATL; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Achaeans of Pellene returning from Troy (tradition, Thuc. 4.120)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Pellene (tradition)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.93906,
  "lon": 23.57478,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501620,
  "site": "Nea Skioni (Kassandra, Chalkidiki)",
  "modern": "Νέα Σκιώνη / Nea Skioni",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "ancient name given back with the prefix Nea",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Thuc. 4.120–133",
  "note": "Nostos tradition is mythical; dated from first attestation. Destroyed by Athens 421 BC and given to Plataeans; later revived.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chalkidike)",
   "Thuc. 4.120, 5.32",
   "Pleiades 501620"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g111",
  "latin": "Plotinopolis",
  "greek": "Πλωτινόπολις",
  "other_names": "Didymoteichon / Didymoteicho",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": 110,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Trajan and named after Plotina, c. 110",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 110,
  "city_from_text": "Roman city; coins; see 787 (Plotinopolis), 879 (Didymoteichon)",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Trajan",
  "founder_group": "Roman emperors to 330",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.34428,
  "lon": 26.50446,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501572,
  "site": "Agia Petra hill by Didymoteicho (Didymoteicho, Evros)",
  "modern": "Διδυμότειχο / Didymoteicho",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Didymoteichon, successor town beside Plotinopolis",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Didymoteicho",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian settlement",
  "status_evidence": "coins; see 787, 879, 1590; medieval city and imperial residence; Hierocles (Haemimontus)",
  "note": "Counted together with medieval Didymoteichon on the adjacent hill (one urban unit); Ottoman from c. 1361.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Nicaea 787; Constantinople 879)",
   "Pleiades 501572",
   "ODB s.v. Didymoteichon"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g112",
  "latin": "Skotoussa (Strymon)",
  "greek": "Σκοτοῦσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic–Roman city of the Strymon valley; 'Scotussa libera' (Pliny NH 4.35)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -50,
  "city_from_text": "free city in Pliny's Macedonian list",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 41.18367,
  "lon": 23.37496,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491722,
  "site": "near Sidirokastro (Sintiki, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Sintian/Odomantian (Thracian) area",
  "status_evidence": "Pliny NH 4.35; Ptolemy",
  "note": "Dating and site (Sidirokastro area) uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.35",
   "Ptolemy 3.12",
   "Pleiades 491722"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g113",
  "latin": "Drama",
  "greek": "Δράμα",
  "other_names": "Hydrama (?)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Drama plain)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Drama",
  "greek_from": 1100,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Komnenian kastron and seat of a commander, 12th c.; probably a bishopric then",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "archbishopric attested in the early 14th c.; metropolis 1371; see at Florence 1439",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.15,
  "lon": 24.147,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Drama (Drama, Drama)",
  "modern": "Δράμα / Drama",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Drama",
  "ru_capital": "Drama",
  "muni_seat": "Drama",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "small Late Roman fortified settlement; church of Hagia Sophia (10th c.?)",
  "status_evidence": "see (archbishopric 14th c., metropolis 1371; Florence 1439)",
  "note": "Before the 10th c. Under Philippi without a bishop. Identification with ancient Drabeskos or 'Hydrama' is uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Florence 1439)",
   "ODB s.v. Drama",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien) s.v. Drama"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g114",
  "latin": "Xanthi",
  "greek": "Ξάνθεια",
  "other_names": "Xantheia; Xanthi",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Xanthi",
  "greek_from": 879,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bishop Georgios of Xantheia at the council of Constantinople 879–80",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 879,
  "city_from_text": "see from 879; leading town of the area in the 13th–14th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.13805,
  "lon": 24.88641,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 630785464,
  "site": "old town of Xanthi (Xanthi, Xanthi)",
  "modern": "Ξάνθη / Xanthi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Xantheia",
  "ru_capital": "Xanthi",
  "muni_seat": "Xanthi",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "ancient Thracian Xantheia (Strabo) perhaps in the area",
  "status_evidence": "see 879; medieval kastron and town",
  "note": "Ancient Xantheia is not securely located here and is not counted; Ottoman from c. 1361.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Council of Constantinople 879–80 (bishop of Xantheia)",
   "Pleiades 630785464",
   "ODB s.v. Xanthe"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g115",
  "latin": "Maximianopolis (Rhodope)",
  "greek": "Μαξιμιανούπολις",
  "other_names": "Porsulae; Mosynopolis",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": 300,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Roman station Porsulae refounded as Maximianopolis under the Tetrarchs, c. 300",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 300,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles; see 431, 451, 553; Mosynopolis see 879",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Galerius or Maximian",
  "founder_group": "Roman emperors to 330",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.12843,
  "lon": 25.32542,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501574,
  "site": "Messouni, near Komotini (Komotini, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "road station Porsulae on the Via Egnatia",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see 431–879",
  "note": "Called Mosynopolis from the 9th c.; destroyed by Kaloyan 1207.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 501574",
   "ODB s.v. Mosynopolis"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g116",
  "latin": "Koumoutzina",
  "greek": "Κουμουτζηνά",
  "other_names": "Komotini",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": 1207,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Late Roman fortress resettled by refugees of Mosynopolis after Kaloyan's sack, 1207",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1331,
  "city_from_text": "named Koumoutzina by Kantakouzenos 1331; town in the civil war of 1341–47",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.1195,
  "lon": 25.4045,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501475,
  "site": "medieval fortress in Komotini (Komotini, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "Κομοτηνή / Komotini",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Koumoutzena",
  "ru_capital": "Rhodope",
  "muni_seat": "Komotini",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Late Roman (Theodosian?) fortress",
  "status_evidence": "medieval kastron-town (14th c.); Ottoman town (Gümülcine); seat of the Metropolis of Maroneia from the mid-18th c.",
  "note": "The walled refuge of the townspeople of Mosynopolis after 1207 (a successor town on a new site 7 km away), and a town in the 14th-c. civil wars; seat of the metropolitan of Maroneia from the mid-18th c. Ottoman 1361–63.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Kantakouzenos, Histories",
   "ODB s.v. Mosynopolis"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g117",
  "latin": "Anastasioupolis (Thrace)",
  "greek": "Ἀναστασιούπολις",
  "other_names": "Peritheorion",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": 500,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Anastasius I (491–518)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 500,
  "city_from_text": "city of Anastasius; see (Peritheorion 879, 1590)",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Anastasius I",
  "founder_group": "emperors in Constantinople 330–1460",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 41.11618,
  "lon": 25.07578,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501348,
  "site": "north shore of Lake Vistonis near Amaxades (Iasmos, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Procopius; see 879; Peritheorion refortified by Andronikos III",
  "note": "Renamed Peritheorion in the middle medieval period; regional unit uncertain (Xanthi or Rhodope).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Procop. Buildings 4.11",
   "council lists (Constantinople 879)",
   "Pleiades 501348"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g118",
  "latin": "Serrae",
  "greek": "Σίρις / Σέρραι",
  "other_names": "Siris; Sirrha; Serrhai; Serres",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Siriopaeonian town (Hdt. 8.115) that became a Macedonian city; Greek civic inscriptions from the Hellenistic period",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic–Roman city (Livy 45.4; Ptolemy); Hierocles; see 451",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.08798,
  "lon": 23.54245,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501616,
  "site": "Serres (Serres, Serres)",
  "modern": "Σέρρες / Serres",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Serres",
  "muni_seat": "Serres",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Siris, town of the Siriopaeonians (Hdt. 5.15, 8.115)",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see 451; medieval metropolis; medieval city (Dušan's capital 1345–55)",
  "note": "First Greek civic evidence is late (Hellenistic); medieval Serres is the same town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.115",
   "Livy 45.4",
   "council lists (Chalcedon 451; Constantinople 1590)",
   "Pleiades 501616"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g119",
  "latin": "Topeiros",
  "greek": "Τόπειρος",
  "other_names": "Ulpia Topiros; Topirus",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": 110,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "refounded by Trajan as Ulpia Topiros; Greek civic coins under Antoninus Pius–Caracalla",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 110,
  "city_from_text": "Roman-period city; Hierocles (Rhodope); see 431",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Trajan",
  "founder_group": "Roman emperors to 330",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.07956,
  "lon": 24.77311,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501645,
  "site": "Paradeisos, on the Nestos (Nestos, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian settlement (Pliny NH 4.42 Topiris)",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hierocles; see 431",
  "note": "Taken by the Slavs in 549/50 (Procop.); Trajanic date inferred from the name Ulpia. Hierocles: \"Τόπειρος νῦν Ῥούσιον\" (later gloss; Rhousion is usually placed at Keşan, Turkey).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Procop. Wars 7.38",
   "council lists (Ephesus 431)",
   "Pleiades 501645"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g120",
  "latin": "Euporia",
  "greek": "Εὐπορία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Bisaltia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": 150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "city of Bisaltia in Ptolemy 3.12",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 41.06677,
  "lon": 23.56234,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 501414,
  "site": "unlocated, Bisaltia/lower Strymon (Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy 3.12",
  "note": "Barrington dates it from the Hellenistic period; a foundation by Alexander is sometimes claimed (unverified). Site unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptolemy 3.12",
   "Barrington Atlas 51 B2",
   "Pleiades 501414"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g754",
  "latin": "Genisea",
  "greek": "Γενισέα",
  "other_names": "Yenice-i Karasu; Yenicepazar (1454–55)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Xanthi",
  "greek_from": 1790,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Christian settlers came for the tobacco crop in the 18th c., and from the end of the 18th c. much of the tobacco trade was in the hands of Greek merchants",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1454,
  "city_from_text": "town (Yenicepazar) in the Ottoman register of 1454–55; seat of its kaza in the defter of 1530",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Muslim (Turkish) town; Greek Christian settlers and Greek tobacco merchants from the 18th c.",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 41.0667,
  "lon": 24.9667,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Genisea (Avdira, Xanthi)",
  "modern": "Γενισέα / Genisea",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Greek form of Yenice(-i Karasu)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Avdira",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "Ottoman Muslim town founded after the conquest of 1373/4 or, more probably, of Serres (1383); no Christians in the registers of 1454–55 and 1568–69",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman town and kaza seat (the kaza covered most of today's Xanthi and Kavala units); caravan station on the Sol Kol; rice, cereal and tobacco market",
  "note": "Left out before for want of Greek speakers; the Greek tobacco merchants of the late 18th c. (Cultural Egnatia, Ministry of Culture) supply them. Its church is dated 1835, but an earlier one is said to have fallen in the 1829 earthquake.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Cultural Egnatia (Hellenic Ministry of Culture), Genisea",
   "Wikipedia, Genisea (tahrir registers 1454–55, 1530, 1568–69)",
   "Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname (c. 1670s: 400 houses)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g121",
  "latin": "Gazoros",
  "greek": "Γάζωρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Odomantian town; Greek civic inscriptions from the Hellenistic period",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "πόλις of the Gazorians in Hellenistic–Roman inscriptions; Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 41.0392,
  "lon": 23.7925,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501423,
  "site": "Gazoros (Serres)",
  "modern": "Γάζωρος / Gazoros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Odomantian (Thracian) town",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions (decrees, dedications); Ptolemy 3.12",
  "note": "Date is approximate; Roman-period city decrees are certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptolemy 3.12",
   "Pleiades 501423",
   "Samsaris, Historical geography of East Macedonia"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g122",
  "latin": "Zichna",
  "greek": "Ζίχνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": 1250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval kastron-town in the 13th c. (Nicaean recovery of the Serres region)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "bishopric, later metropolis, in the 14th c.; see at 1590",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 41.031,
  "lon": 23.828,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "castle hill above Nea Zichni (Nea Zichni, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (14th c.; Constantinople 1590)",
  "note": "Dates of the first mention and of the see are approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Constantinople 1590)",
   "ODB s.v. Zichna",
   "TIB 11 (Makedonien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g131",
  "latin": "Berge",
  "greek": "Βέργη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Bisaltia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tribute-paying community (Bergaioi) in the ATL; coins with legend ΒΕΡΓ- 5th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "ATL member; IACP polis",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 41.0213,
  "lon": 23.5995,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501374,
  "site": "near Neos Skopos (Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bisaltian town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles (Macedonia I)",
  "note": "Strabo calls it a kome of Amphipolis in his day; home of Antiphanes of Berge (4th c.). A Thasian or Euboean origin has been suggested but is not attested.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 501374"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g123",
  "latin": "Philippi",
  "greek": "Φίλιπποι",
  "other_names": "Krenides; Daton/Datos (?); Colonia Augusta Iulia Philippensis",
  "territory": "Thrace (Drama plain)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -360,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian colony of Krenides, 360/59 (with Kallistratos of Athens: Ps.-Skylax 67 'Datos')",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -360,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation; refounded by Philip II 356; Roman colony 42/30 BC; see",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos (Kallistratos); refounded by Philip II",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 41.01265,
  "lon": 24.28464,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501482,
  "site": "Filippoi (Kavala, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "Krinides (Rachtsa until 1926), c. 1.5 km E, took the city's first name Krenides; municipal unit Filippoi",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian (Edonian) area of the Krenides springs; Neolithic Dikili Tash nearby",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see 431–1590; metropolis",
  "note": "Refoundation by Philip II (356) and Roman colony do not change the date; medieval town lasted to the 14th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 16.3.7, 16.8.6",
   "Ps.-Skylax 67",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "Pleiades 501482"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g124",
  "latin": "Arolos",
  "greek": "Ἄρολος",
  "other_names": "Arrolos",
  "territory": "Bisaltia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": 1,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Roman-period place of Bisaltia (Barrington 50 D2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 1,
  "city_from_text": "civic status unconfirmed",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 41.01174,
  "lon": 23.32632,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491528,
  "site": "west of the Strymon, Nigrita area (Visaltia, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Barrington Atlas; inscriptions (unconfirmed); Hierocles? (Macedonia I: Ἄραυρος = Ar(r)olos)",
  "note": "Civic status not confirmed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Barrington Atlas 50 D2",
   "Pleiades 491528"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g125",
  "latin": "Dikaia (Thrace)",
  "greek": "Δίκαια",
  "other_names": "Dikaia par' Abdera",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "silver coins with legend ΔΙΚΑΙΑ, late 6th–early 5th c.; ATL 'Dikaia par' Abdera'",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; ATL member",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.99287,
  "lon": 25.16565,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501399,
  "site": "near Lake Vistonis, east of Porto Lagos (Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins",
  "note": "Mother city unknown; not the Eretrian Dikaia in Chalcidice.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 501399"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g126",
  "latin": "Pistyros",
  "greek": "Πίστυρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Thasian peraia)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian city of the mainland in 480 (Hdt. 7.109)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "πόλις in Hdt. 7.109",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.97146,
  "lon": 24.59201,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501569,
  "site": "near the Nestos delta (Nestos, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Hdt. 7.109)",
  "note": "Not the inland emporion Pistiros of the Vetren inscription (Bulgaria). Foundation was presumably Archaic.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.109",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "Pleiades 501569"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g749",
  "latin": "Akontisma",
  "greek": "Ἀκόντισμα",
  "other_names": "Acontisma; Herkontroma (Itin. Burdig.)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Thasian peraia)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": 200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "station Acontisma on the Via Egnatia in the Antonine Itinerary (3rd c. AD)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "city of Macedonia I in Hierocles (Synekdemos 640)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.966,
  "lon": 24.528,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "remains about 3 km east of Nea Karvali, on the Via Egnatia (Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles (Macedonia I); Itineraries (Itin. Ant.; Itin. Burdig. 'Hercontroma'); Amm. Marc. 27.4",
  "note": "Border post of Macedonia toward Thrace that Hierocles lists as a city, so it passes the 330-1460 test; this record replaces the 'left out' entry of the cut-off run.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles, Synekdemos 640",
   "Itinerarium Antonini; Itinerarium Burdigalense",
   "Amm. Marc. 27.4",
   "Barrington Atlas 51"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g127",
  "latin": "Stryme",
  "greek": "Στρύμη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": -625,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian colony (Hdt. 7.108); excavated settlement from the later 7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Thasian polis in Hdt. 7.108; disputed with Maroneia (Philochorus; Dem. 50.20–22)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.93613,
  "lon": 25.28495,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501628,
  "site": "Molyvoti peninsula (Komotini, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 7.108; ATL (?)",
  "note": "Molyvoti is the accepted identification (Bakalakis; Molyvoti Thrace Archaeological Project); abandoned c. 300 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.108",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Pleiades 501628"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g128",
  "latin": "Neapolis (Thrace)",
  "greek": "Νεάπολις",
  "other_names": "Christoupolis (medieval); Kavala",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion coast)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian colony; sanctuary of the Parthenos with Greek finds from the mid-7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "separate member of the ATL ('Neapolitai par' Antisaran'); coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.93432,
  "lon": 24.41404,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501523,
  "site": "Kavala (Kavala, Kavala)",
  "modern": "Καβάλα / Kavala",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Christoupolis in the Middle Ages; Kavala from the 15th-16th c.",
  "ru_capital": "Kavala",
  "muni_seat": "Kavala",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric and Thracian occupation",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; medieval Christoupolis, see (later metropolis); Hierocles (Macedonia I)",
  "note": "Renamed Christoupolis in the middle medieval period (by the 9th c.); same site. Some doubt that Neapolis was originally Thasian.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "ATL",
   "Acts 16.11",
   "Pleiades 501523"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g129",
  "latin": "Abdera",
  "greek": "Ἄβδηρα",
  "other_names": "Polystylon (medieval)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Xanthi",
  "greek_from": -654,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Klazomenian colony of Timesios, 654 BC (Eusebius); refounded by Teos c. 545 (Hdt. 1.168)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -654,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation; ATL; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Klazomenai (Timesios); Teos c. 545",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Klazomenai; Teos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.93283,
  "lon": 24.97431,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501323,
  "site": "Cape Bulustra, south of Avdira (Avdira, Xanthi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Avdira nearby took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; medieval see of Polystylon (879)",
  "note": "Medieval Polystylon on the same site, see in 879–80; the Teian refoundation does not change the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.168",
   "Eusebius, Chron.",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Pleiades 501323"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g130",
  "latin": "Eleutheroupolis",
  "greek": "Ἐλευθερούπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": 879,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bishop of Eleutheroupolis at the council of 879–80",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 879,
  "city_from_text": "see in the province of Philippi",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.914,
  "lon": 24.262,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Eleftheroupoli (Pangaio, Kavala)",
  "modern": "Ελευθερούπολη / Eleftheroupoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Pravi until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Pangaio",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see 879",
  "note": "Location of the medieval see is a modern view; the modern town (Pravi) took the name in the 20th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Constantinople 879–80)",
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum (Philippi)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g702",
  "latin": "Nigrita",
  "greek": "Νιγρίτα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Bisaltia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": 1800,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "a prosperous Greek town processing cotton, silver and copper at the beginning of the 19th c. (travellers)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1800,
  "city_from_text": "same",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.9081,
  "lon": 23.4972,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Nigrita (Visaltia, Serres)",
  "modern": "Νιγρίτα / Nigrita",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Visaltia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village in the kaza of Siroz in the Ottoman register of 1478",
  "status_evidence": "cotton trade and metal-working; large Greek community (2,500 Greeks in 1900)",
  "note": "Town status rests on early-19th-c. Travellers' descriptions; it may have been a town some decades earlier.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ottoman tahrir defter 7 (1478)",
   "Cousinéry, Voyage dans la Macédoine (1831)",
   "Wikipedia, Nigrita"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g132",
  "latin": "Sale",
  "greek": "Σάλη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Samothracian peraia)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Sale, a city of the Samothracians' (Hdt. 7.59)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.59; Livy 38.41",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samothrace",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samothrace",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.90771,
  "lon": 26.00492,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501595,
  "site": "west of the Evros delta, near Loutra/Aisymi area (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Hdt. 7.59); Livy; Itin. Burdig.",
  "note": "Site not excavated; location approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.59",
   "Livy 38.41",
   "Pleiades 501595"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g755",
  "latin": "Maroneia (later town)",
  "greek": "Μαρώνεια",
  "other_names": "Marunya (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": 1650,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "the townspeople moved up from the medieval castle-town by the old harbour to the slope of Ismaros, against pirates, by the 17th c.; dated tombstone of 1753",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1650,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the Metropolis of Maroneia until its transfer to Komotini in the mid-18th c.; merchant town in the later 18th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.9,
  "lon": 25.5167,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Maroneia village on the slope of Mount Ismaros (Maroneia-Sapes, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "Μαρώνεια / Maroneia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "a Kato Vryssi fountain inscription of 1435/6 may have been brought from elsewhere",
  "status_evidence": "seat of the Metropolis of Maroneia (metropolis from 1365) to the mid-18th c.; Christian town with tax privileges (Evliya Çelebi, c. 1670); merchants in Constantinople, Smyrna and Odessa",
  "note": "Successor of ancient and medieval Maroneia, c. 3 km to the south by the sea. The date of the move is disputed: the 17th c. or the first half of the 14th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Cultural Egnatia (Hellenic Ministry of Culture), Maroneia",
   "Wikipedia, Maroneia",
   "Evliya Çelebi, Seyahatname (c. 1670)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g698",
  "latin": "Bera (Feres)",
  "greek": "Βήρα",
  "other_names": "Ferecik (Ottoman); Pherrai",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": 1324,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "a fortified town and refuge for the peasants by 1324, round the Kosmosoteira monastery (1152)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1324,
  "city_from_text": "fortified town by 1324; a town of Greeks and Turks in 1433",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.8937,
  "lon": 26.1716,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Feres, around the Kosmosoteira church (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "Φέρες / Feres",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Ferecik under the Ottomans; Feres (from Pherrai) after 1920",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of the Kosmosoteira monastery, founded 1152",
  "status_evidence": "medieval kastron-town (14th c.); Ottoman kasaba and kaza seat Ferecik",
  "note": "A town before 1460, so it falls in period 6; its town status is attested by 1324.",
  "decision": "Dated from its first record as a town (1324); the monastery village is older.",
  "sources": [
   "Kosmosoteira typikon (1152)",
   "Kantakouzenos, Historiae",
   "ODB s.v. Bera",
   "Wikipedia, Feres (Evros)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g137",
  "latin": "Mesambria (Thrace)",
  "greek": "Μεσαμβρίη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Samothracian peraia)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "westernmost of the Samothracian 'teichea', called a polis (Hdt. 7.108)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Hdt. 7.108",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samothrace",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samothrace",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.89,
  "lon": 25.6,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 501516,
  "site": "unlocated; Samothracian peraia west of Zone (Evros/Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Hdt. 7.108)",
  "note": "Separate polis from Zone (Hdt. 7.59 vs 7.108); unlocated, region-only point. Barrington and Pleiades put both names on the Mesimvria site, which the excavators call Zone.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.108",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Pleiades 501516"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g135",
  "latin": "Orthagoria",
  "greek": "Ὀρθαγορία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "silver and bronze coins ΟΡΘΑΓΟΡΕΩΝ, mid-4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "coins (ethnic); IACP polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.88,
  "lon": 25.58,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Maroneia–Serreion area (Rhodope/Evros)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Pliny NH 4.42 says Maroneia was formerly called Ortagurea; the 4th-c. Coins show a separate community. Origin unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.42",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Head, HN2 (Orthagoria)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g136",
  "latin": "Maroneia",
  "greek": "Μαρώνεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodope",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Chian colony (Ps.-Scymnus 676), Archaic, c. mid-7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation; ATL; coins",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Chios",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Chios",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.87375,
  "lon": 25.51143,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501507,
  "site": "Agios Charalambos, south of Maroneia (Maroneia-Sapes, Rhodope)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Maroneia village c. 4 km N",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Kikonian (Thracian) Ismaros area",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see 431–879; archbishopric",
  "note": "Foundation date not recorded; Archaic Chian foundation.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Scymnus 676",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Pleiades 501507"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g138",
  "latin": "Zone",
  "greek": "Ζώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Samothracian peraia)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Samothracian foundation; excavated Greek settlement from the end of the 7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 7.59; ATL member (apotaxis from Samothrace)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samothrace",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samothrace",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.86309,
  "lon": 25.63813,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501667,
  "site": "Mesimvria (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Mesimvria took the Thracian Mesambria's name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian (Kikonian) area",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; Hdt. 7.59",
  "note": "Excavated town at Mesimvria, identified as Zone by the excavators (Tsatsopoulou) and consistent with Hdt. 7.59 (Zone near Cape Serreion). Mesambria is a separate polis further west.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.59",
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Pleiades 501667"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g139",
  "latin": "Traianoupolis",
  "greek": "Τραϊανούπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": 110,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Trajan near Doriskos, c. 107–117",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 110,
  "city_from_text": "Roman city; metropolis of Rhodope; Hierocles; see 451–879",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Trajan",
  "founder_group": "Roman emperors to 330",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.85883,
  "lon": 26.05725,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501649,
  "site": "Loutra Traianoupoleos (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "near Persian/Thracian Doriskos",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hierocles; see 451, 553, 879; metropolis",
  "note": "Declined in the 14th-c. Civil wars.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Chalcedon 451)",
   "Hierocles 634",
   "Pleiades 501649"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g140",
  "latin": "Drys",
  "greek": "Δρῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Samothracian peraia)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Samothracian peraia settlement; tribute assessment of the 420s; Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "ATL (?); Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samothrace",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samothrace",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.85649,
  "lon": 25.67519,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501406,
  "site": "near Makri/Mesimvria coast (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (?); ATL (?); Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "note": "Evidence thin; may have been a fort (teichos) of the Samothracians rather than a polis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thrace Nestos–Hebros)",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Δρῦς",
   "Pleiades 501406"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g141",
  "latin": "Makre",
  "greek": "Μάκρη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Nestos–Hebros)",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": 879,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bishop of Makre at the council of 879–80",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 879,
  "city_from_text": "see under Traianoupolis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.85,
  "lon": 25.745,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Makri (Alexandroupoli, Evros)",
  "modern": "Μάκρη / Makri",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic cave settlement; Roman remains",
  "status_evidence": "see 879",
  "note": "Identification with Makri is a modern view; medieval fortified town remains on the hill.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists (Constantinople 879–80)",
   "ODB s.v. Makre"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g142",
  "latin": "Tragilos",
  "greek": "Τράγιλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Bisaltia",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins with Greek legend ΤΡΑΓΙΛΙΟΝ c. 450–400; tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.83731,
  "lon": 23.71594,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501648,
  "site": "Aidonochori (Amfipoli, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bisaltian town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hellenistic city excavated at Aidonochori",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Τράγιλος",
   "Pleiades 501648"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g144",
  "latin": "Amphipolis",
  "greek": "Ἀμφίπολις",
  "other_names": "Ennea Hodoi (native predecessor)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -437,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Athenian colony of Hagnon at Edonian Ennea Hodoi, 437/6 BC (Thuc. 4.102)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -437,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation; later Macedonian city, capital of Macedonia Prima; see",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Athens (Hagnon)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Athens",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.82581,
  "lon": 23.84158,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501347,
  "site": "Amfipoli (Amfipoli, Serres)",
  "modern": "Αμφίπολη / Amfipoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Neochori (Yeniköy) until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Edonian (Thracian) town of Ennea Hodoi; failed Athenian settlements 476 and 465",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see 553, 692",
  "note": "Earlier Greek attempts (Aristagoras 497, Athenians 465) failed; city declined after the 7th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.100, 4.102",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "Pleiades 501347"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g145",
  "latin": "Oisyme",
  "greek": "Οἰσύμη",
  "other_names": "Emathia (Steph. Byz.); Anaktoroupolis (medieval)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion coast)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian colony (Thuc. 4.107); Archaic Greek finds on the Nea Peramos acropolis from the 7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -424,
  "city_from_text": "Thasian polis in Thuc. 4.107; Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.82126,
  "lon": 24.3049,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501533,
  "site": "Nea Peramos (Pangaio, Kavala)",
  "modern": "Νέα Πέραμος / Nea Peramos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "founded by refugees from Peramos (Propontis), 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian (Edonian/Pierian) settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax 67; medieval kastron Anaktoroupolis",
  "note": "Identification of Nea Peramos with Oisyme is the usual view; the medieval Anaktoroupolis on the site was a fortified town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.107",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)",
   "Pleiades 501533"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g146",
  "latin": "Eion",
  "greek": "Ἠιών",
  "other_names": "Chrysoupolis (medieval); Strymon (see 879-80?); Orfano (Ottoman); Chrysoupolis (Strymon)",
  "territory": "Thrace (Strymon)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Serres",
  "greek_from": -476,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "taken from the Persians by Kimon 476/5 and held by Athens (Thuc. 1.98)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -476,
  "city_from_text": "Athenian possession and port of Amphipolis; IACP polis",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Athens (Kimon)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "Athens",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.78932,
  "lon": 23.87285,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501410,
  "site": "mouth of the Strymon, near Neos Ofrynio (Amfipoli, Serres)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Persian stronghold under Boges (Hdt. 7.107); possibly earlier trading post",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Thuc. 4.102–107)",
  "note": "Not the Mendaean Eion of Thuc. 4.7. Medieval Chrysoupolis stands on the same site; the see 'Strymon' of 879–80 is placed here by modern scholars.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.25, 7.107",
   "Thuc. 1.98, 4.102–107",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g147",
  "latin": "Thasos",
  "greek": "Θάσος",
  "other_names": "Thasos town (Limenas)",
  "territory": "Thasos",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thasos",
  "greek_from": -680,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Parian colony under Telesikles (father of Archilochus), traditional c. 680; Greek finds from early 7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -680,
  "city_from_text": "polis from foundation",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Paros (Telesikles)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Paros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.78201,
  "lon": 24.71754,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501634,
  "site": "Limenas (Thasos, Thasos)",
  "modern": "Θάσος (Λιμένας) / Thasos (Limenas)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "harbour village Limin/Limenas; official name Thasos",
  "ru_capital": "Thasos",
  "muni_seat": "Thasos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian Early Iron Age settlements on the island",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; see 451; medieval town; Hierocles (Macedonia I)",
  "note": "Ancient dates range c. 708–680; the archaeological date of the Parian settlement is c. 680–650.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aegean islands, Thasos)",
   "Graham, Colony and Mother City",
   "Pleiades 501634"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g148",
  "latin": "Phagres",
  "greek": "Φάγρης",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion coast)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "listed among the Greek cities east of the Strymon by Ps.-Skylax 67 (c. 340s)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "πόλις Ἑλληνίς in Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.76067,
  "lon": 23.94047,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501559,
  "site": "Orfani (Pangaio, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "fort (teichos) of the Pierians expelled from Pieria (Hdt. 7.112; Thuc. 2.99)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (?); Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "note": "A Thasian element is possible; first Greek civic evidence is 4th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.112",
   "Thuc. 2.99",
   "Ps.-Skylax 67",
   "Pleiades 501559"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g149",
  "latin": "Apollonia (Thasian peraia)",
  "greek": "Ἀπολλωνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion coast)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek polis destroyed by Philip II with Galepsos (Strabo 7 fr. 33/35)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Strabo; Pliny NH 4.42)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "unknown (Thasos?)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.74417,
  "lon": 24.13768,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501355,
  "site": "Pangaion coast between Galepsos and Oisyme (Pangaio, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (?); Strabo 7 fr. 33/35",
  "note": "Date and mother city unknown; possibly Thasian. Site not identified.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7 fr. 33/35",
   "Pliny NH 4.42",
   "Pleiades 501355"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g150",
  "latin": "Galepsos",
  "greek": "Γαληψός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thrace (Pangaion coast)",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Kavala",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Thasian colony on the mainland (Thuc. 4.107), Archaic",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "ATL member (Galepsioi); destroyed by Philip II (Strabo 7 fr. 33)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Thasos",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Thasos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.74043,
  "lon": 23.98602,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 501421,
  "site": "near Kariani (Pangaio, Kavala)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Ps.-Skylax 67",
  "note": "Foundation date not recorded; placed in the Archaic Thasian expansion.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.107, 5.6",
   "Ps.-Skylax 67",
   "IACP (Thrace Strymon–Nestos)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g745",
  "latin": "Theologos (Thasos)",
  "greek": "Θεολόγος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thasos",
  "region9": "Macedonia",
  "regional_unit": "Thasos",
  "greek_from": 1500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "inland settlement of the period after the Ottoman conquest (1455–59); the island's administrative seat in the Ottoman period",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1500,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the Ottoman governor of Thasos (kaza of Taşöz)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.662,
  "lon": 24.694,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Theologos, inland in the south of the island (Thasos)",
  "modern": "Θεολόγος / Theologos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "capital of Ottoman Thasos (aga/voevoda), also under Mehmet Ali's family from 1813; Greek-speaking island",
  "note": "Small, but the island's seat; Limenas (ancient Thasos, listed) was resettled only in the 19th c. Date is a century estimate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Θάσος",
   "Wikipedia s.v. Theologos, Thasos"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g151",
  "latin": "Samothrace",
  "greek": "Σαμοθρᾴκη",
  "other_names": "Palaiopolis",
  "territory": "Samothrace",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek settlement c. 700 (tradition: colonists from Samos); earliest Greek pottery late 7th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "polis from the Archaic period; ATL member",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thracian ritual inscriptions in Greek letters into the 4th c. BC beside Greek civic texts",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.50211,
  "lon": 25.53376,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 501596,
  "site": "Palaiopoli (Samothrace, Evros)",
  "modern": "Παλαιόπολη / Palaiopoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "\"Old city\"",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Thracian settlement and cult before the Greeks",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hellenistic decrees; sanctuary of the Great Gods; Hierocles (Macedonia I)",
  "note": "Samian origin is the ancient tradition (Antiphon, Strabo, Pausanias); early pottery suggests Aeolian (Lesbian) settlers.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aegean islands, Samothrake)",
   "Graham 2002 (Samothrace colonists)",
   "Pleiades 501596"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g746",
  "latin": "Chora of Samothrace",
  "greek": "Σαμοθράκη (Χώρα)",
  "other_names": "Semadirek (Ottoman); Samandrachi (Italian)",
  "territory": "Samothrace",
  "region9": "Thrace",
  "regional_unit": "Evros",
  "greek_from": 1430,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "castle at Chora rebuilt by Palamede Gattilusio in the 1430s, the island's town thereafter",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1430,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the Gattilusi and then of the Ottoman island governor",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Palamede Gattilusio (castle)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 40.4725,
  "lon": 25.525,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora below the Gattilusi castle (Samothrace, Evros)",
  "modern": "Σαμοθράκη (Χώρα) / Samothraki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Σαμοθράκη, called Χώρα",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Samothrace",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "the island's only town and administrative seat; sacked by the Ottomans in September 1821",
  "note": "A small island chora, counted because it was the island's seat; it falls in period 6. Separate from ancient Samothrace (Palaiopoli, c. 4 km).",
  "decision": "Counted as the island's town and dated from its first record as a castle-town.",
  "sources": [
   "Cyriac of Ancona, Later Travels (ed. Bodnar 2003), 1444",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Σαμοθράκη"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g152",
  "latin": "Doliche",
  "greek": "Δολίχη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town of the Perrhaebian Tripolis (Livy 42.53)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town of the Perrhaebian Tripolis (Livy 42.53)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.05935,
  "lon": 22.09614,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 491576,
  "site": "Sarantaporo area, Elassona, Larissa",
  "modern": "Δολίχη / Dolichi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "renamed after the ancient city in the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 42.53; inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.53",
   "Pleiades 491576"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g153",
  "latin": "Pythion",
  "greek": "Πύθιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Sanctuary of Apollo Pythios and Classical town of the Perrhaebian Tripolis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Tripolis (Livy 42.53); decrees",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 40.05418,
  "lon": 22.21806,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 491705,
  "site": "near Kokkinoplos/Pythio, Elassona, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Pythio took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Livy 42.53; Perrhaebian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.53",
   "Pleiades 491705"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g154",
  "latin": "Azoros",
  "greek": "Ἄζωρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town of the Perrhaebian Tripolis (Livy 42.53); inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town of the Perrhaebian Tripolis (Livy 42.53); inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.98493,
  "lon": 22.08381,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540687,
  "site": "Azoros (Vouvala), Elassona, Larissa",
  "modern": "Άζωρος / Azoros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Vouvala until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 42.53; inscriptions; Perrhaebian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.53",
   "Pleiades 540687"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g155",
  "latin": "Mondaia",
  "greek": "Μονδαία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perrhaebian town in Hellenistic sources and inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Perrhaebian town in Hellenistic sources and inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.96,
  "lon": 21.938,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540949,
  "site": "NW of Elassona (Livadi area), Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Perrhaebian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 540949"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g156",
  "latin": "Ezeros",
  "greek": "Ἔζερος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 879,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bishop of Ezeros at Constantinople 879–80",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 879,
  "city_from_text": "Bishop of Ezeros at Constantinople 879–80",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Slavic name (jezero 'lake'); Greek see, population probably mixed",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.95,
  "lon": 22.45,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Lake Askyris (Nezero), Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Constantinople 879)",
  "note": "Site not located; a see is the only evidence of town status.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "TIB 1"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g157",
  "latin": "Oloosson",
  "greek": "Ὀλοοσσών",
  "other_names": "Elasson (Ἐλασσών, medieval town and see)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.739, 'white Oloosson')",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic city of the Perrhaebian koinon",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.89278,
  "lon": 22.21571,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540981,
  "site": "Elassona (Kastri hill, Olympiotissa), Larissa",
  "modern": "Ελασσόνα / Elassona",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Elasson",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Elassona",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age occupation",
  "status_evidence": "Perrhaebian koinon; inscriptions; medieval kastron and see (Elasson)",
  "note": "Medieval Elasson (Olympiotissa monastery 1296); see attested in the middle medieval period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.739",
   "Strabo 9.5.19",
   "Pleiades 540981"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g158",
  "latin": "Homolion",
  "greek": "Ὁμόλιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Coins and Classical inscriptions, 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins and Classical inscriptions, 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.89205,
  "lon": 22.654,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540819,
  "site": "Omolio, Tempi, Larissa",
  "modern": "Ομόλιο / Omolio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Laspochori until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Pleiades 540819"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g159",
  "latin": "Lykostomion",
  "greek": "Λυκοστόμιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval see of Lykostomion, suffragan of Larissa (Notitiae)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see of Lykostomion, suffragan of Larissa (Notitiae)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.88,
  "lon": 22.58,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Tempe gorge near Tempi, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae Episcopatuum",
  "note": "Fortress-town at Tempe; see date and site approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum",
   "TIB 1 (Thessalien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g751",
  "latin": "Oxyneia",
  "greek": "Ὀξύνεια",
  "other_names": "Oxynia; Oxynion",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -360,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "theorodokos at Oxyneia in the Epidaurian list of theorodokoi (IG IV² 1.94), c. 360/359 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -360,
  "city_from_text": "polis hosting an Epidaurian theorodokos (IG IV² 1.94); polis in IACP",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.86,
  "lon": 21.85,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated: on the Ion (a Peneios tributary), 120 stadia from Azoros (Strabo 7.7.9); hills north-east of Kalambaka",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village old Meritsa took the name Oxyneia",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "theorodokos for Epidauros (IG IV² 1.94); Strabo 7.7.9; IACP (Thessaly and adjacent regions)",
  "note": "Site unknown: the village renamed Oxyneia (old Meritsa) and Nea Smolia do not fit Strabo's 120 stadia from Azoros, a hill near Dasochori fits better; the map point marks the region only. On the Tymphaian border of Hestiaiotis, so its dialect could be Northwest Greek rather than Thessalian.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7.7.9",
   "IG IV² 1.94",
   "Hansen & Nielsen, IACP (2004) p. 699",
   "Barrington Atlas map 55"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g160",
  "latin": "Malloia",
  "greek": "Μαλλοία",
  "other_names": "Malloea (Livy)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perrhaebian town in Livy 31.41; 36.10",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Perrhaebian town in Livy 31.41; 36.10",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.86,
  "lon": 22.05,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Elassona area, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy; Perrhaebian koinon inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 31.41",
   "Livy 36.10"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g161",
  "latin": "Gonnoi",
  "greek": "Γόννοι",
  "other_names": "Gonnos",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Gonnos city in Hdt. 7.128, 7.173 (480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Gonnos city in Hdt. 7.128, 7.173 (480 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.85893,
  "lon": 22.49814,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540793,
  "site": "Gonnoi (Lykoudi), Tempi, Larissa",
  "modern": "Γόννοι / Gonnoi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Dereli until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic, Mycenaean and Geometric finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt.; many Hellenistic decrees; Perrhaebian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Hdt. 7.128",
   "Helly, Gonnoi (1973)",
   "Pleiades 540793"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g162",
  "latin": "Gonnokondylon",
  "greek": "Γοννοκόνδυλον",
  "other_names": "Olympias (renamed by Philip V)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town renamed Olympias by Philip V (Livy 39.25)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town renamed Olympias by Philip V (Livy 39.25)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.85514,
  "lon": 22.49614,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540982,
  "site": "near Gonnoi (Tempe), Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 39.25",
  "note": "Small town or fort; civic status doubtful.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 39.25",
   "Pleiades 540982"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g163",
  "latin": "Phaloria",
  "greek": "Φαλώρεια",
  "other_names": "Phaloria (Livy)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -198,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Town of Hestiaiotis sacked by Flamininus (Livy 32.15, 198 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Town of Hestiaiotis sacked by Flamininus (Livy 32.15, 198 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.847,
  "lon": 21.522,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541038,
  "site": "Pindus foothills NW of Trikala (BAtlas Phaloreia?)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.15; 36.13",
  "note": "BAtlas/Pleiades place it NW of Kalambaka with a query; the modern village Faloreia (renamed) is near Trikala.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.15",
   "Pleiades 541038"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g164",
  "latin": "Eurymenai",
  "greek": "Εὐρυμεναί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.83321,
  "lon": 22.79224,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540784,
  "site": "Kastri near Kokkino Nero/Stomio, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 65; Livy 39.25",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Livy 39.25",
   "Pleiades 540784"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g703",
  "latin": "Ampelakia",
  "greek": "Ἀμπελάκια",
  "other_names": "Ambelakia",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 1770,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "red-yarn dyeing and export trade make the village a town of note in the mid/late 18th c.; c. 4,000 inhabitants in Beaujour's account (1787-97)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1778,
  "city_from_text": "Common Company (Κοινή Συντροφία) of dyers and merchants founded 1778, with branches in Vienna, Leipzig and elsewhere",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.8136,
  "lon": 22.5875,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Ampelakia, slopes of Ossa above Tempe (Tempi, Larissa)",
  "modern": "Αμπελάκια / Ampelakia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "mountain village before the 18th-century boom",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing community; cooperative company 1778; dye-works; school; c. 4,000 people c. 1790",
  "note": "Declined after c. 1810 (Napoleonic blockade, collapse of the company); a village today.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Beaujour, Tableau du commerce de la Grece (1800)",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)",
   "Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly (1815)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Αμπελάκια"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g165",
  "latin": "Rhizous",
  "greek": "Ῥιζοῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.80726,
  "lon": 22.82364,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541085,
  "site": "near Skiti, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 65; synoecised into Demetrias (Strabo 9.5.15)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Strabo 9.5.15",
   "Pleiades 541085"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g166",
  "latin": "Chyretiai",
  "greek": "Χυρετίαι",
  "other_names": "Cyretiae (Livy); Domenikon / Demonikos (medieval see)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic civic decrees; Livy 36.10 (191 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic civic decrees; Livy 36.10 (191 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.80014,
  "lon": 22.15202,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540712,
  "site": "Domeniko, Elassona, Larissa",
  "modern": "Δομένικο / Domeniko",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Domenikon/Demonikos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "many inscriptions; Perrhaebian koinon; medieval see of Domenikon",
  "note": "Medieval see of Domenikon on the site, later united with Elasson.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 36.10",
   "IG IX.2 338ff.",
   "Pleiades 540712"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g167",
  "latin": "Gyrton",
  "greek": "Γυρτών",
  "other_names": "Gyrtone",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.738, Gyrtone)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "Gyrtonians among Thessalian allies of Athens (Thuc. 2.22, 431 BC); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.79815,
  "lon": 22.56985,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540798,
  "site": "Bakraina hill near Gyrtoni (Tyrnavos), Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Gyrtoni took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thuc. 2.22",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.738",
   "Thuc. 2.22",
   "Pleiades 540798"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g168",
  "latin": "Mopsion",
  "greek": "Μόψιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Coins with ethnic Mopseaton, 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins with ethnic Mopseaton, 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.78742,
  "lon": 22.42056,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540950,
  "site": "Kastri Mopsiou near Mopsio/Chalkiades, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Livy 42.61",
   "Pleiades 540950"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g678",
  "latin": "Charmaina",
  "greek": "Χάρμαινα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 1050,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "See of Charmaina, suffragan of Larissa, attested from the 11th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1050,
  "city_from_text": "Bishopric in the Notitiae from the 11th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Slavic place-name; Greek see under Larissa",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.77,
  "lon": 22.65,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "western slopes of Ossa near Marmariani, Larissa (unlocated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (suffragan of Larissa, 11th c. onward); TIB 1",
  "note": "Exact site unknown; placed on the W slopes of Ossa near Marmariani (TIB 1). Treated like Ezeros.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Koder & Hild, TIB 1 Hellas und Thessalia (1976)",
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum (Larissa)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g169",
  "latin": "Meliboia",
  "greek": "Μελίβοια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.717)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins of Meliboia, 4th c.; Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.74,
  "lon": 22.85,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "east coast of Ossa, near Agiokampos/Velika (proposed)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hdt. 7.188",
  "note": "Site disputed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.717",
   "Hdt. 7.188"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g707",
  "latin": "Tyrnavos",
  "greek": "Τύρναβος",
  "other_names": "Tırnova (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 1423,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "re-founded as a privileged town by Turahan Bey after his conquest of Thessaly (1423), the local Christians moved into it",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "documented foundation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1423,
  "city_from_text": "Ottoman town with privileges granted by Turahan Bey",
  "origin": "foundation by Venice or the Ottomans",
  "founder": "Turahan Bey",
  "founder_group": "Ottomans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Greek Christian majority beside a Turkish Muslim quarter",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.738,
  "lon": 22.287,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Tyrnavos, NW of Larisa on the Titarisios (Tyrnavos, Larissa)",
  "modern": "Τύρναβος / Tyrnavos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Tyrnavos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Slavic-named pastoral village (Trnovo) before the 15th c.",
  "status_evidence": "privileged Ottoman town (kasaba); 16 churches and 6 mosques in 1770; cloth and dyeing trades; Greek school (18th c.)",
  "note": "Founded before 1460, so it falls in period 6. Not on the site of any listed ancient city (Phalanna, Gyrton and Mylai lie a few km away).",
  "decision": "A town under Ottoman rule already before 1460, so it falls in period 6.",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Tyrnavos",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Τύρναβος"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g170",
  "latin": "Mylai",
  "greek": "Μύλαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -171,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Fortified Perrhaebian town taken by Perseus (Livy 42.54, 171 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -171,
  "city_from_text": "Fortified Perrhaebian town taken by Perseus (Livy 42.54, 171 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.72,
  "lon": 22.12,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Damasi, Tyrnavos, Larissa (proposed)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 42.54",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.54"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g708",
  "latin": "Agia",
  "greek": "Ἁγιά",
  "other_names": "Aya (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman kasaba, centre of the villages of the Ossa (Kissavos) district, with Greek majority; described by early-19th-c. travellers",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "kasaba and district centre (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.717,
  "lon": 22.757,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Agia, at the western foot of Ossa and Mavrovouni (Agia, Larissa)",
  "modern": "Αγιά / Agia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Agia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of the Ossa district in the Ottoman registers",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; seat of a voivode/kadi for the Ossa villages; market",
  "note": "The date of its town status is not pinned down (18th c. At the latest); medieval Vesaina lies at Aetolofos, c. 5 km away.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Αγιά",
   "Wikipedia: Agia, Larissa"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g171",
  "latin": "Sykourion",
  "greek": "Συκούριον",
  "other_names": "Sycurium (Livy)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -171,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Livy 42.54 (Perseus' camp, 171 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -171,
  "city_from_text": "Livy 42.54 (Perseus' camp, 171 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.71,
  "lon": 22.75353,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541118,
  "site": "Sykourio, Larissa",
  "modern": "Συκούριο / Sykourio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 42.54; Hellenistic town of Pelasgiotis",
  "note": "Civic status rests on Livy and inscriptions; may have been a dependent town of Larisa.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.54",
   "Pleiades 541118"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g172",
  "latin": "Phalanna",
  "greek": "Φάλαννα",
  "other_names": "Orthe (Homeric, per Strabo the acropolis)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.739, Orthe), identified with Phalanna by Strabo",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins of Phalanna, 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.70851,
  "lon": 22.19311,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540992,
  "site": "near Damasi/Tyrnavos, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Perrhaebian koinon",
  "note": "Orthe = Phalanna is Strabo's (9.5.19) identification.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.19",
   "Pleiades 540992"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g173",
  "latin": "Aiginion",
  "greek": "Αἰγίνιον",
  "other_names": "Stagoi (Σταγοί, medieval see); Kalambaka",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town of the Tymphaioi (Livy 32.15; inscriptions at Kalambaka)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Aeginium, a town besieged in 198 BC (Livy 32.15); later medieval see of Stagoi",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "mac",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.7058,
  "lon": 21.6283,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530787,
  "site": "Kalambaka, Trikala",
  "modern": "Καλαμπάκα / Kalambaka",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval Stagoi; Kalambaka from the Ottoman period",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Meteora",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy; Strabo 7.7.9; inscriptions; medieval see of Stagoi",
  "note": "Placed at Kalambaka (inscriptions of the Aiginieis; Strabo 7.7.9 next to Trikka), not at the Pleiades point c. 23 km W. Medieval Stagoi (a see by the 10th c.; Basil II 1020) stands on the same site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7.7.9",
   "Livy 32.15",
   "Pleiades 530787"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g174",
  "latin": "Ereikinion",
  "greek": "Ἐρικίνιον",
  "other_names": "Ericinium (Livy)",
  "territory": "Perrhaebia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town (Livy 36.13; 39.25)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town (Livy 36.13; 39.25)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.70237,
  "lon": 21.99417,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540766,
  "site": "near Megalo Eleftherochori, Elassona, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 36.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 36.13",
   "Pleiades 540766"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g679",
  "latin": "Vesaina",
  "greek": "Βέσαινα",
  "other_names": "Desiani (Δέσιανη, later form); Aetolofos (modern)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": 1050,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "See of Vesaina, suffragan of Larissa, attested from the 11th c.; inscription from Agia naming a protospatharios of Vesaina",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1050,
  "city_from_text": "Bishopric in the Notitiae from the 11th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.6867,
  "lon": 22.725,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Aetolofos, Agia, Larissa",
  "modern": "Αιτόλοφος / Aetolofos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Desiani (continuing Vesaina) until renamed Aetolofos in the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Early Christian or medieval basilica under the Church of the Dormition",
  "status_evidence": "see (suffragan of Larissa, 11th c. onward); TIB 1",
  "note": "Sited at Aetolofos by the synthronon of the old cathedral (Koder & Hild).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Koder & Hild, TIB 1 Hellas und Thessalia (1976)",
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum (Larissa)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g176",
  "latin": "Pialeia",
  "greek": "Πιάλεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic inscriptions (ethnic Pialeis)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic inscriptions (ethnic Pialeis)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.64478,
  "lon": 21.62542,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541060,
  "site": "Pialeia (Pialia), Trikala",
  "modern": "Πιαλεία / Pialeia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "popular form Pialia; classicised Pialeia",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 541060"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g177",
  "latin": "Larisa",
  "greek": "Λάρισα",
  "other_names": "Larissa (medieval metropolis); Yenişehir (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Early Iron Age occupation on the acropolis hill (Frourio) continuing into the city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -498,
  "city_from_text": "Aleuad city in Pindar Pyth. 10 (498 BC); coins from c. 480",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.63485,
  "lon": 22.42097,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540905,
  "site": "Larisa city (Frourio hill), Larissa",
  "modern": "Λάρισα / Larisa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Larissa",
  "muni_seat": "Larissa",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic to Mycenaean occupation on Frourio hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; capital of Thessalian koinon; Hierocles; metropolitan see (Ephesus 431, 869, 879, later)",
  "note": "Medieval metropolis of Thessaly; under Ottoman rule from c. 1393.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Pind. Pyth. 10",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 540905"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g178",
  "latin": "Phayttos",
  "greek": "Φάϋττος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric cemetery at Zarkos continuing into the town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic civic inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.60751,
  "lon": 22.12787,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541043,
  "site": "Zarkos, Trikala",
  "modern": "Ζάρκος / Zarkos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic magoula",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX.2",
   "Pleiades 541043"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g179",
  "latin": "Pelinna",
  "greek": "Πέλιννα",
  "other_names": "Pelinnaion",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -498,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hippokleas of Pelinna, Pindar Pyth. 10 (498 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -498,
  "city_from_text": "Hippokleas of Pelinna, Pindar Pyth. 10 (498 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.57337,
  "lon": 21.92645,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541020,
  "site": "Palaiogardiki near Petroporos, Trikala",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Pind. Pyth. 10",
   "Pleiades 541020"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g180",
  "latin": "Kasthanaia",
  "greek": "Κασθαναία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Kasthanaia polis' in Hdt. 7.183 (480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "'Kasthanaia polis' in Hdt. 7.183 (480 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.5728,
  "lon": 22.9114,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540856,
  "site": "Keramidi coast area, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.183, 7.188",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.183",
   "Pleiades 540856"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g181",
  "latin": "Atrax",
  "greek": "Ἄτραξ",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "First attestation in Classical sources and coins (5th–4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Polis with coins in the 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.5716,
  "lon": 22.1921,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540682,
  "site": "Kastro Alifakas near Kastri, Tyrnavos, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "Sometimes counted to Perrhaebia; date is approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.20",
   "Pleiades 540682"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g182",
  "latin": "Trikka",
  "greek": "Τρίκκη",
  "other_names": "Trikala (medieval)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.729), seat of Asklepios' sons",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Coins from the mid-5th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.5689,
  "lon": 21.783,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541163,
  "site": "Trikala city (Kastro hill), Trikala",
  "modern": "Τρίκαλα / Trikala",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Trikala (< Trikka)",
  "ru_capital": "Trikala",
  "muni_seat": "Trikala",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age occupation",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Trikke)",
  "note": "Medieval Trikala; Serbian then Ottoman (1393/5).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.729",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 541163"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g183",
  "latin": "Pharkadon",
  "greek": "Φαρκαδών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Coins and Classical attestations, 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins and Classical attestations, 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.56799,
  "lon": 22.00854,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541041,
  "site": "near Farkadona (Klokotos hill), Trikala",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.17",
   "Pleiades 541041"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g184",
  "latin": "Limnaion",
  "greek": "Λιμναῖον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Trikala",
  "greek_from": -191,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Limnaeum, a fortified town taken in 191 BC (Livy 36.13–14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -191,
  "city_from_text": "Limnaeum, a fortified town taken in 191 BC (Livy 36.13–14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.50806,
  "lon": 22.08775,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540916,
  "site": "Kortiki area, Trikala",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 36.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 36.13",
   "Pleiades 540916"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g185",
  "latin": "Krannon",
  "greek": "Κραννών",
  "other_names": "Ephyra (old name, Strabo)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -520,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Skopad dynasts of Krannon, patrons of Simonides (late 6th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -520,
  "city_from_text": "Skopad dynasts of Krannon (Simonides, late 6th c.); coins 5th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.49911,
  "lon": 22.30413,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540886,
  "site": "Krannonas (Kililer), Kileler, Larissa",
  "modern": "Κραννώνας / Krannonas",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kileler until the 1920s",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Prehistoric occupation in the area",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "Strabo 9.5.21 equates Krannon with Homeric Ephyra (Il. 13.301); not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.21",
   "Pleiades 540886"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g704",
  "latin": "Zagora",
  "greek": "Ζαγορά",
  "other_names": "Zagorà",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": 1760,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "largest of the Pelion communities, with silk and cloth trade to Europe; Hellenic school and library endowed by the merchant Ioannis Pringos (1762)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1762,
  "city_from_text": "school (Ελληνομουσείον) and library with Pringos endowment, 1762",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.445,
  "lon": 23.103,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Zagora, north-east Pelion (Zagora-Mouresi, Magnesia)",
  "modern": "Ζαγορά / Zagora",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Zagora-Mouresi",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "one of the Pelion villages (hass of the Valide Sultan) from the 16th c.",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing community of several parishes; trade and shipping; Hellenic school and library (1762)",
  "note": "Formally a village (karye) in Ottoman terms; included as a community of note with urban functions by the late 18th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Ζαγορά",
   "Wikipedia: Zagora, Greece"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g186",
  "latin": "Gomphoi",
  "greek": "Γόμφοι",
  "other_names": "Philippoupolis (under Philip II, coins); Episkopi (medieval)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis of Hestiaiotis (coins, 4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of Hestiaiotis (coins, 4th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.43605,
  "lon": 21.67681,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540792,
  "site": "Episkopi near Mouzaki, Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "Coins of 'Philippopolitai' assigned to Gomphoi under Philip II.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Caes. BC 3.80",
   "Pleiades 540792"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g187",
  "latin": "Ithome (Thessaly)",
  "greek": "Ἰθώμη",
  "other_names": "Thamiai; Phanarion (medieval kastron)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.730, 'rocky Ithome')",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town; later absorbed into Metropolis (Strabo)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.41555,
  "lon": 21.80184,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540841,
  "site": "Fanari castle, Karditsa",
  "modern": "Φανάρι / Fanari",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Phanarion (kastron)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 9.5.17; Hellenistic town; medieval kastron Phanarion",
  "note": "Medieval Phanarion was a kastron; its see (1590 list) is after 1460.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.730",
   "Strabo 9.5.17",
   "Pleiades 540841"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g188",
  "latin": "Phyllos",
  "greek": "Φύλλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Town with sanctuary of Apollo Phyllios (Strabo 9.5.14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Town with sanctuary of Apollo Phyllios (Strabo 9.5.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.41189,
  "lon": 22.18449,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541056,
  "site": "mound SSE of Pyrgos Kieriou?, Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 9.5.14",
  "note": "Possibly only a sanctuary site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 9.5.14",
   "Pleiades 541056"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g189",
  "latin": "Peirasia",
  "greek": "Πειρασία",
  "other_names": "Peiresiai; Asterion (Homeric, per Strabo)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical town remains and later mentions (Strabo 9.5.18)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical town remains and later mentions (Strabo 9.5.18)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.4,
  "lon": 22.06,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Vlochos (Strongylovouni hill), Palamas, Karditsa (proposed)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo; fortified town at Vlochos",
  "note": "Identification of the large Vlochos site with Peirasia is a proposal; coordinates approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 9.5.18",
   "Vlochos Archaeological Project"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g711",
  "latin": "Ano Volos (Episkopi)",
  "greek": "Ἐπισκοπή",
  "other_names": "Ano Volos; Episkopi",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman-period residence of the metropolitan of Demetrias, hence the name Episkopi",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "see of Demetrias resided here (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.38,
  "lon": 22.94,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Ano Volos, at the foot of Pelion, c. 3 km N of the Kastro of Volos (Volos, Magnesia)",
  "modern": "Άνω Βόλος / Ano Volos (part of Volos)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Episkopi in the Ottoman period; Ano Volos today",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "one of the Pelion villages",
  "status_evidence": "seat of the metropolitan of Demetrias (Agios Nikolaos church); Pelion community",
  "note": "Counted only as the residence of the metropolitan of Demetrias; when the metropolitan settled here, and the town's size, are unconfirmed. The Ottoman town of Golos itself lay in the Kastro, on the site of Iolkos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Βόλος",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g190",
  "latin": "Skotoussa",
  "greek": "Σκοτοῦσσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -408,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Polydamas of Skotoussa, Olympic victor 408 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -408,
  "city_from_text": "Polis by the late 5th c.; coins 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.37943,
  "lon": 22.53729,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541107,
  "site": "Supli (Skotoussa), Farsala, Larissa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Skotoussa (formerly Supli) took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "Deserted by Pausanias' day.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Paus. 6.5",
   "Pleiades 541107"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g191",
  "latin": "Pherai",
  "greek": "Φεραί",
  "other_names": "Velestinos (medieval); Velestino",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric cemeteries and sanctuary (Zeus Thaulios/Ennodia) continuing into the city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; coins from c. 480; tyrants Lykophron, Jason (4th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.37904,
  "lon": 22.75385,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541044,
  "site": "Velestino (Rigas Feraios, Magnesia)",
  "modern": "Βελεστίνο / Velestino",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Velestinos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Rigas Feraios",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Mycenaean settlement (Magoula Bakali, Kastraki)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Il. 2.711; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.711",
   "Xen. Hell. 6.1",
   "Pleiades 541044"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g192",
  "latin": "Methylion",
  "greek": "Μεθύλιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic inscriptions (ethnic Methylieis)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic inscriptions (ethnic Methylieis)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.37525,
  "lon": 21.97557,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 543789,
  "site": "near Karditsa (unlocated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 543789"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g193",
  "latin": "Kierion",
  "greek": "Κιέριον",
  "other_names": "Arne (old name, by tradition)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Coins of Kierion, 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins of Kierion, 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.36686,
  "lon": 22.06646,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540867,
  "site": "Pyrgos Kieriou, Palamas, Karditsa",
  "modern": "Πύργος Κιερίου / Pyrgos Kieriou",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Pyrgos, with the qualifier Kieriou (\"of Kierion\") added in the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon",
  "note": "Identified with Thessalian Arne (Thuc. 1.12) by inscriptions; that tradition not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Thuc. 1.12",
   "Pleiades 540867"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g194",
  "latin": "Iolkos",
  "greek": "Ἰωλκός",
  "other_names": "Golos / Volos (medieval kastron)",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palatial centre at Kastro-Palaia with two Linear B tablets (Theocharis' finds, publ. 2012); LH IIIC–PG continuity",
  "disputed": "Palace at Volos-Kastro (two Linear B tablets reported); some place Iolkos at Dimini.",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -506,
  "city_from_text": "Iolkos offered to Hippias by the Thessalians (Hdt. 5.94); polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.3663,
  "lon": 22.96886,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540837,
  "site": "Kastro (Palia), Volos, Magnesia",
  "modern": "Βόλος / Volos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Golos/Volos, the kastron on the Palia mound",
  "ru_capital": "Magnesia",
  "muni_seat": "Volos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–LH tell at Kastro Volou",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 5.94; Ps.-Skylax 65; synoecised into Demetrias 294 BC; medieval kastron Golos",
  "note": "Linear B tablets at Kastro-Palaia settle the Mycenaean date on the site of the later town; Dimini (4 km W) was a second palatial centre with no later city. Some put Homeric Iolkos at Dimini.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 5.94",
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Theocharis excavations (Kastro Volou)",
   "Skafida, Karnava & Olivier 2012 (Linear B tablets)",
   "Pleiades 540837"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g710",
  "latin": "Karditsa",
  "greek": "Καρδίτσα",
  "other_names": "Kardiça (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": 1810,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Leake (c. 1810): Kardhitza, 500-600 houses, mostly Turkish, with a weekly market",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1810,
  "city_from_text": "large market settlement in Leake; town status formalised only after 1881",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Turkish (Konyar) majority; Greek Christian minority with churches",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.365,
  "lon": 21.922,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Karditsa town centre, western Thessalian plain (Karditsa)",
  "modern": "Καρδίτσα / Karditsa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Karditsa",
  "muni_seat": "Karditsa",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Ottoman-period settlement (Sotira on some maps)",
  "status_evidence": "500-600 houses; weekly bazaar; Turkish majority with Greek Christians",
  "note": "Leake calls it a large village; counted for its size and market, and marked doubtful.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)",
   "Wikipedia: Karditsa"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g195",
  "latin": "Euhydrion",
  "greek": "Εὐύδριον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic sources (Livy 32.13; Strabo)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic sources (Livy 32.13; Strabo)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.36381,
  "lon": 22.28449,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540781,
  "site": "near Ktouri/Kampos, Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic town of Thessaliotis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Strabo 9.5",
   "Pleiades 540781"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g196",
  "latin": "Argithea",
  "greek": "Ἀργίθεα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Athamania",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -190,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Capital of the Athamanian kingdom (Livy 38.1–2, 189 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -190,
  "city_from_text": "Capital of the Athamanian kingdom (Livy 38.1–2, 189 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.348,
  "lon": 21.532,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540658,
  "site": "Argithea (Knisovo) area, Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "Argithea municipality and village (Knisovo) took the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 38.1; capital of Amynander",
  "note": "Athamanian town on the border of Thessaly and Epirus.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 38.1",
   "Pleiades 540658"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g197",
  "latin": "Demetrias",
  "greek": "Δημητριάς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -294,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Founded by Demetrios Poliorketes c. 294/3 BC by synoecism of Magnesian towns",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -294,
  "city_from_text": "Founded by Demetrios Poliorketes c. 294/3 BC by synoecism of Magnesian towns",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Demetrios Poliorketes",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.34348,
  "lon": 22.92403,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540730,
  "site": "Pefkakia/Palatia, Volos, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Prehistoric Pefkakia; small Magnesian towns nearby",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 9.5.15; Magnesian koinon capital; coins; Hierocles; see (Chalcedon 451, 879)",
  "note": "Antigonid royal seat; medieval town into the 13th–14th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 9.5.15",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 540730"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g198",
  "latin": "Metropolis (Thessaly)",
  "greek": "Μητρόπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic sanctuary of Apollo continuing into the city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Coins 4th c.; synoecism of small towns (Strabo 9.5.17)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.33976,
  "lon": 21.83555,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540947,
  "site": "Mitropoli, Karditsa",
  "modern": "Μητρόπολη / Mitropoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "Strabo says it was formed from three small towns, later with Ithome added.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.17",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 540947"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g199",
  "latin": "Methone (Magnesia)",
  "greek": "Μεθώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.716)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Listed among Magnesian poleis in Ps.-Skylax 65 (if the reading is right)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.3316,
  "lon": 23.0527,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540946,
  "site": "Nevestiki hill, near Nea Anchialos/Volos, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Il. 2.716; Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.716",
   "Pleiades 540946"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g200",
  "latin": "Amphanai",
  "greek": "Ἀμφαναί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Called a Doric polis by Hekataios (in Steph. Byz.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Called a Doric polis by Hekataios (in Steph. Byz.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.31311,
  "lon": 22.93033,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540627,
  "site": "near Pagasai/Soros, Magnesia (proposed)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hekataios fr. (Steph. Byz.); Ps.-Skylax 64",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Amphanai",
   "Pleiades 540627"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g201",
  "latin": "Pagasai",
  "greek": "Παγασαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Apollo Pagasaios in the Hesiodic Shield; Argo legends",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -352,
  "city_from_text": "Port polis of Pherai, taken by Philip II (Diod. 16.31)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.31084,
  "lon": 22.9444,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540998,
  "site": "Soros/Pefkakia area south of Demetrias, Volos",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (dependent on Pherai); Hdt. 7.193",
  "note": "Synoecised into Demetrias 294 BC; exact site disputed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Hdt. 7.193",
   "Strabo 9.5.15",
   "Pleiades 540998"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g202",
  "latin": "Korope",
  "greek": "Κορόπη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Town with the sanctuary of Apollo Koropaios (Archaic onward)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Small Magnesian town, absorbed by Demetrias",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.30966,
  "lon": 23.10728,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540881,
  "site": "Petralona near Milies/Kala Nera, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo; sanctuary decrees (IG IX.2 1109)",
  "note": "Civic status before Demetrias uncertain; Ps.-Skylax's 'Korakai' may be Korope.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX.2 1109",
   "Strabo 9.5.15",
   "Pleiades 540881"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g203",
  "latin": "Thetonion",
  "greek": "Θετώνιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Bronze proxeny decree of the Thetonioi (IG IX.2 257), mid-5th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Bronze proxeny decree of the Thetonioi (IG IX.2 257), mid-5th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.2932,
  "lon": 22.20606,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541145,
  "site": "Kypseli area (Thetonion), Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; public decree",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "IG IX.2 257",
   "Pleiades 541145"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g204",
  "latin": "Eretria (Phthiotis)",
  "greek": "Ἐρέτρια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town near Pharsalos (Polyb. 18.20; Livy 32.13)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town near Pharsalos (Polyb. 18.20; Livy 32.13)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.29195,
  "lon": 22.60593,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540767,
  "site": "near Eretria (Tsangli), Farsala, Larissa",
  "modern": "Ερέτρια / Eretria",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Tsangli until the 20th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 18.20; Livy 32.13, 33.6",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 18.20",
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 540767"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g206",
  "latin": "Pharsalos",
  "greek": "Φάρσαλος",
  "other_names": "Pharsala (medieval)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -520,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Echekratid dynasts of Pharsalos (Simonides, late 6th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Polis with coins from c. 480",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.2885,
  "lon": 22.38785,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541042,
  "site": "Farsala, Larissa (acropolis on Profitis Ilias)",
  "modern": "Φάρσαλα / Farsala",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Farsala",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean tholos tombs and settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thessalian koinon; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431, Constantinople 879)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 541042"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g207",
  "latin": "Kallithera",
  "greek": "Καλλίθηρα",
  "other_names": "Callithera (Livy)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -198,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thessalian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Thessalian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.279,
  "lon": 21.968,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540851,
  "site": "near Kallithiro, Sofades, Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "nearby village Kallithiro",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 540851"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g208",
  "latin": "Pyrasos",
  "greek": "Πύρασος",
  "other_names": "Thebai (Late Roman city at Nea Anchialos)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.695)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": 431,
  "city_from_text": "Late Roman Thebai with basilicas; bishop of Thebai in Thessaly at Ephesus 431",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.2788,
  "lon": 22.8213,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541081,
  "site": "Nea Anchialos, Volos, Magnesia",
  "modern": "Νέα Αγχίαλος / Nea Anchialos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "founded 1906 by refugees from Anchialos (Pomorie, Bulgaria)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Bronze Age occupation",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles (Thebai); see; Early Christian basilicas",
  "note": "Port of Phthiotic Thebes; the Late Roman city of Thebai lay here. Whether the 431 bishop sat here or at Mikrothives is uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.695",
   "Strabo 9.5.14",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 541081"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g209",
  "latin": "Thebai Phthiotides",
  "greek": "Θῆβαι Φθιώτιδες",
  "other_names": "Phthiotic Thebes; Philippoupolis (under Philip V, 217 BC)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis (4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis (4th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.27339,
  "lon": 22.76177,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541137,
  "site": "Mikrothives (Akitsi), Almyros, Magnesia",
  "modern": "Μικροθήβες / Mikrothives",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Akitsi until the 20th c.; \"Little Thebes\"",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Polyb. 5.99",
  "note": "Renamed Philippoupolis by Philip V; the Late Roman city and see moved to Pyrasos (Nea Anchialos).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Polyb. 5.99–100",
   "Strabo 9.5.14",
   "Pleiades 541137"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g210",
  "latin": "Proerna",
  "greek": "Πρόερνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic town (Strabo 9.5.10; Livy 36.14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic town (Strabo 9.5.10; Livy 36.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.24124,
  "lon": 22.29725,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541073,
  "site": "Gynaikokastro near Neo Monastiri, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 36.14; inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 36.14",
   "Strabo 9.5.10",
   "Pleiades 541073"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g712",
  "latin": "Kastro of Skiathos",
  "greek": "Κάστρο Σκιάθου",
  "other_names": "Kastro",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": 1500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "fortified island town on the northern cliff, capital of Skiathos until 1829 (16th c.; some put its foundation in the 14th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1500,
  "city_from_text": "the island's only town and seat of its notables",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.205,
  "lon": 23.467,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kastro headland on the north coast of Skiathos (Sporades)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "island capital; c. 300 houses and some 20 churches; abandoned 1829 for the present town",
  "note": "Different site from ancient and modern Skiathos town (c. 5 km S). Founding date disputed (14th or 16th c.).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Kastro (Skiathos)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Σκιάθος"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g211",
  "latin": "Peuma",
  "greek": "Πεῦμα",
  "other_names": "Peumata",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Larissa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.20101,
  "lon": 22.5321,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541030,
  "site": "near Ano Dasolofos/Gynaikokastro, Farsala",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Strabo 9.5",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 541030",
   "Strabo 9.5"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g212",
  "latin": "Spalauthra",
  "greek": "Σπάλαυθρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.18348,
  "lon": 23.22508,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541110,
  "site": "Chortos/Kastro near Argalasti, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Pleiades 541110"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g709",
  "latin": "Almyros",
  "greek": "Ἁλμυρός",
  "other_names": "Armiro, Ermiye (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Thessaly",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman kasaba and kaza seat (Armiro) with Turkish and Greek quarters, on an inland site",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kaza seat in the sanjak of Tirhala (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Turkish (Konyar) Muslims and Greek Christians in separate quarters",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.182,
  "lon": 22.76,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Almyros town, inland from the Pagasetic coast (Almyros, Magnesia)",
  "modern": "Αλμυρός / Almyros",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Almyros",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; kaza seat; bazaar; mosques and churches",
  "note": "Separate from the medieval port town of Halmyros on the coast.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Αλμυρός",
   "Wikipedia: Almyros"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g213",
  "latin": "Halmyros",
  "greek": "Ἁλμυρός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": 1150,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval port town named as a city by Idrisi (1154) and Benjamin of Tudela (c. 1165)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1150,
  "city_from_text": "medieval port town named as a city by Idrisi (1154) and Benjamin of Tudela (c. 1165)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Greek town with Venetian, Pisan and Jewish quarters",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.17,
  "lon": 22.79,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "coast near Almyros, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "name continues in the modern town of Almyros, inland",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Idrisi; Benjamin of Tudela; Venetian chrysobull 1198",
  "note": "Medieval emporion distinct from ancient Halos; exact site not fixed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "TIB 1 (Thessalien)",
   "Benjamin of Tudela"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g214",
  "latin": "Halos",
  "greek": "Ἅλος",
  "other_names": "Alos",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -850,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Early Iron Age tumulus cemetery at Halos (late PG–Geometric)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Halos in Hdt. 7.173, 7.197 (480 BC); coins 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.17,
  "lon": 22.82,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Almyros plain (Magoula Plataniotiki area?), Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age magoulas in the plain",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Il. 2.682; Hdt.; coins",
  "note": "Classical town destroyed by Philip II 346 BC; its exact site is disputed (separate from New Halos).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Hdt. 7.197",
   "Reinders, New Halos (1988)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g215",
  "latin": "Skiathos",
  "greek": "Σκίαθος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Northern Sporades",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic town at the harbour (6th c.); Hdt. 7.176, 7.179",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "Skiathioi in the Athenian tribute lists from 454",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.1662,
  "lon": 23.48889,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541104,
  "site": "Skiathos town, Sporades",
  "modern": "Σκιάθος / Skiathos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Skiathos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age site at Kefala",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "A Chalcidian (Euboean) settlement is often assumed but not attested in ancient sources.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly/Sporades)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 541104"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g216",
  "latin": "Selinous (Peparethos)",
  "greek": "Σελινοῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Northern Sporades",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "One of three poleis of Peparethos (Ps.-Skylax 58)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "One of three poleis of Peparethos (Ps.-Skylax 58)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.16517,
  "lon": 23.61618,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541094,
  "site": "Loutraki/Glossa area, Skopelos, Sporades",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 58; IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 58",
   "Pleiades 541094"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g217",
  "latin": "Ikos",
  "greek": "Ἴκος",
  "other_names": "Halonnesos (modern island name)",
  "territory": "Northern Sporades",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ikioi in the Athenian tribute lists from 454",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "Ikioi in the Athenian tribute lists from 454",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.16456,
  "lon": 23.90399,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540835,
  "site": "Kokkinokastro/Palaio Chorio, Alonnisos, Sporades",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Ps.-Skylax 58 may give the island two poleis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ATL",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540835"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g218",
  "latin": "New Halos",
  "greek": "Ἅλος (νέα)",
  "other_names": "Hellenistic Halos",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -302,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Refounded on a new site c. 302 BC, probably by Demetrios Poliorketes",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -302,
  "city_from_text": "Refounded on a new site c. 302 BC, probably by Demetrios Poliorketes",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Demetrios Poliorketes (probably)",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.15518,
  "lon": 22.83437,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540804,
  "site": "Kastro Almyrou / foot of Othrys south of Almyros, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "excavated planned city; coins of Halos",
  "note": "Largely abandoned after an earthquake c. 265 BC; founder inferred from the excavations.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Reinders, New Halos (1988)",
   "Pleiades 540804"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g219",
  "latin": "Olizon",
  "greek": "Ὀλιζών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Magnesia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.717)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Magnesian polis in Ps.-Skylax 65",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.12808,
  "lon": 23.21081,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540979,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Milina, South Pelion, Magnesia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 65; Strabo 9.5.15",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.717",
   "Ps.-Skylax 65",
   "Pleiades 540979"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g220",
  "latin": "Thaumakoi",
  "greek": "Θαυμακοί",
  "other_names": "Thaumakos (medieval see); Domokos (Δομοκός, medieval)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.12655,
  "lon": 22.322,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541136,
  "site": "Domokos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Δομοκός / Domokos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval Δομοκός (attested 14th c.; the see kept the name Thaumakos); name continues the medieval name, not Thaumakoi",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Domokos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Livy 32.4; medieval see of Thaumakos",
  "note": "Homeric Thaumakie (Il. 2.716) is in Magnesia, not here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.4",
   "Strabo 9.5.10",
   "Pleiades 541136"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g221",
  "latin": "Peparethos",
  "greek": "Πεπάρηθος",
  "other_names": "Skopelos (medieval name of island and town)",
  "territory": "Northern Sporades",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Sea-girt Peparethos' in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo 32",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Coins c. 500; ATL from 454",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.1191,
  "lon": 23.71962,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541023,
  "site": "Skopelos town, Sporades",
  "modern": "Σκόπελος / Skopelos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval name of island and town",
  "ru_capital": "Sporades",
  "muni_seat": "Skopelos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age 'tomb of Staphylos'",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; ATL; Hierocles; see (Nicaea 787)",
  "note": "One of three poleis on the island (Ps.-Skylax 58).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hymn. Hom. Ap. 32",
   "IACP",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 541023"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g222",
  "latin": "Panormos (Peparethos)",
  "greek": "Πάνορμος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Northern Sporades",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Sporades",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "One of three poleis of Peparethos (Ps.-Skylax 58)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "One of three poleis of Peparethos (Ps.-Skylax 58)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.11072,
  "lon": 23.66461,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541010,
  "site": "Panormos bay, Skopelos, Sporades",
  "modern": "Πάνορμος / Panormos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 58; IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 58",
   "Pleiades 541010"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g223",
  "latin": "Angeia",
  "greek": "Ἄγγεια",
  "other_names": "Angeiae (Livy)",
  "territory": "Dolopia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -198,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Dolopian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Dolopian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.10772,
  "lon": 22.06456,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540636,
  "site": "Angeia area (Rentina), Karditsa",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 540636"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g224",
  "latin": "Ekkara",
  "greek": "Ἐκκάρρα",
  "other_names": "Acharrae (Livy)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Town of Achaea Phthiotis in Livy 32.13 (198 BC) and inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Town of Achaea Phthiotis in Livy 32.13 (198 BC) and inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.08,
  "lon": 22.211,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540752,
  "site": "near Neo Monastiri/Ekkara, Domokos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village named Ekkara nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 540752 (*Ekarra)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g225",
  "latin": "Ktimene",
  "greek": "Κτιμένη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Dolopia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Dolopian city in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Dolopian city in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.06424,
  "lon": 21.97851,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540894,
  "site": "near Ktimeni (Dolopia), Karditsa",
  "modern": "Κτιμένη / Ktimeni",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions; Steph. Byz.",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 540894",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Ktimene"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g226",
  "latin": "Kypaira",
  "greek": "Κύπαιρα",
  "other_names": "Cyphaera (Livy)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -198,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Fortified town taken in 198 BC (Livy 32.13)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Fortified town taken in 198 BC (Livy 32.13)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.05466,
  "lon": 22.10084,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540897,
  "site": "Kastri near Domokos/Makrakomi (Kypaira hill), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13; Strabo 9.5.10",
  "note": "Placed in Ainis by some ancient sources.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 540897"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g227",
  "latin": "Menelais",
  "greek": "Μενελαΐς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Dolopia",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Karditsa",
  "greek_from": -185,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Menelais in Dolopia' (Livy 39.26, c. 185 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -185,
  "city_from_text": "'Menelais in Dolopia' (Livy 39.26, c. 185 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.05,
  "lon": 21.85,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Dolopia (unlocated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 39.26",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 39.26"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g228",
  "latin": "Melitaia",
  "greek": "Μελιταία",
  "other_names": "Meliteia",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -424,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Brasidas at Melitia (Thuc. 4.78, 424 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -424,
  "city_from_text": "Brasidas at Melitia (Thuc. 4.78, 424 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.0384,
  "lon": 22.45671,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540941,
  "site": "Avaritsa (Melitaia), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Μελιταία / Melitaia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Avaritsa until renamed Melitaia (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc.; coins; Hellenistic decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Thuc. 4.78",
   "Pleiades 540941"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g229",
  "latin": "Xyniai",
  "greek": "Ξυνίαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic town of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic town of Achaea Phthiotis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.03837,
  "lon": 22.26768,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541174,
  "site": "near Xyniada (Lake Xynias), Domokos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Xyniada nearby takes the name of the lake",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13, 33.3; inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13",
   "Pleiades 541174"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g230",
  "latin": "Pteleon",
  "greek": "Πτελεόν",
  "other_names": "Ptelion / Fetelin (medieval, Venetian castle)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Magnesia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.697)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical–Hellenistic polis (Livy 35.43, 42.67)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.02762,
  "lon": 22.96275,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541077,
  "site": "Gritsa hill near Pteleos, Almyros, Magnesia",
  "modern": "Πτελεός / Pteleos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "from medieval Ptelion/Fetelin",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean tholos/chamber tombs on Gritsa",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Livy; medieval kastron",
  "note": "Venetian castle of Pteleon held to 1470.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.697",
   "Pleiades 541077"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g231",
  "latin": "Larisa Kremaste",
  "greek": "Λάρισα Κρεμαστή",
  "other_names": "Larisa Pelasgia; Gardikion / Gardiki (medieval see)",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis (4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of Achaea Phthiotis (4th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.96433,
  "lon": 22.83863,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540904,
  "site": "Pelasgia (formerly Gardiki), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Πελασγία / Pelasgia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval see and village Gardiki (Γαρδίκι) until renamed Pelasgia, after the epithet in Strabo’s “Larisa Pelasgia”",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Strabo 9.5.13; medieval see of Gardikion (Latin see 1215)",
  "note": "Medieval see of Gardikion (Notitiae also Kardikion; Latin see 1215) at the kastro on the acropolis; Pelasgia's former name was Gardiki. The council file's point is only an approximate 'modern view'.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Strabo 9.5.13",
   "council lists (Gardiki)",
   "Pleiades 540904"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g232",
  "latin": "Antron",
  "greek": "Ἀντρών",
  "other_names": "Antrones",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Thessaly",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.697)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (Dem.; Strabo 9.5.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.95098,
  "lon": 22.96748,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540644,
  "site": "Glyfa (municipal unit Pelasgia), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Γλύφα / Glyfa",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Livy 42.42",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Il. 2.697",
   "Pleiades 540644"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g233",
  "latin": "Narthakion",
  "greek": "Ναρθάκιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -394,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Agesilaos' battle between Pras and Narthakion (Xen. Hell. 4.3.9, 394 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -394,
  "city_from_text": "Agesilaos' battle between Pras and Narthakion (Xen. Hell. 4.3.9, 394 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.95064,
  "lon": 22.50883,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540957,
  "site": "near Neo Monastiri/Kourna, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Xen.; Hellenistic arbitration decree (Melitaia–Narthakion)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 4.3.9",
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Pleiades 540957"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g234",
  "latin": "Spercheiai",
  "greek": "Σπερχειαί",
  "other_names": "Spercheiae (Livy)",
  "territory": "Ainis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -198,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ainian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -198,
  "city_from_text": "Ainian town in Livy 32.13 (198 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.93,
  "lon": 22.15,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "upper Spercheios valley (unlocated), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 32.13",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 32.13"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g235",
  "latin": "Lamia",
  "greek": "Λαμία",
  "other_names": "Zetounion (Ζητούνιον, medieval); Zeitoun / Gipton (Latin)",
  "territory": "Malis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Malian town with coins (Malieis/Lamieis) from c. 400",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Malian town with coins (Malieis/Lamieis) from c. 400",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.903,
  "lon": 22.44259,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540902,
  "site": "Lamia city (Kastro hill), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Λαμία / Lamia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval Ζητούνιον (see from the 9th c.), Ottoman Izdin, Greek Ζητούνι; ancient name revived after the town passed to Greece (1832)",
  "ru_capital": "Phthiotis",
  "muni_seat": "Lamia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Prehistoric finds on the castle hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Lamian War 323 BC; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431; Zetounion 869, 879)",
  "note": "Medieval Zetounion; Frankish/Catalan castle; Ottoman by 1446.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Malis)",
   "Diod. 18.11–13",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 540902"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g236",
  "latin": "Echinos",
  "greek": "Ἐχῖνος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea Phthiotis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -411,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Echinous in Aristophanes, Lys. 1169 (411 BC); Theban-held, taken by Philip (Dem. 9.34)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis on the Malian Gulf (Theban-held, taken by Philip, Dem. 9.34)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.89341,
  "lon": 22.72392,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540749,
  "site": "Achinos, Stylida, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Αχινός / Achinos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "vernacular Αχινός < Ἐχῖνος",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431)",
  "note": "Tradition of a foundation by the Spartos Echion (Steph. Byz.).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Thessaly)",
   "Dem. 9.34",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "Pleiades 540749"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g237",
  "latin": "Hypata",
  "greek": "Ὑπάτα",
  "other_names": "Neopatras (Νέαι Πάτραι, medieval metropolis); Patratziki (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Ainis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Chief town of the Ainianes; Ainian coins from the 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Capital of the Ainian koinon (Classical–Hellenistic)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.8714,
  "lon": 22.25209,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540827,
  "site": "Ypati, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Υπάτη / Ypati",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval Νέαι Πάτραι / Neopatras (Catalan duchy capital), Ottoman Patracık, Greek Πατρατζίκι; ancient name revived after independence",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Ainian koinon; Polyb. 20.9; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431); Neopatras metropolis (Lateran IV 1215)",
  "note": "Medieval Neopatras, capital of the Doukas rulers of Thessaly and the Catalan duchy of Neopatras.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 20.9",
   "Hierocles 642",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 540827"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g238",
  "latin": "Antikyra (Malis)",
  "greek": "Ἀντίκυρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Malis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Antikyra polis' in Hdt. 7.198 (480 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "'Antikyra polis' in Hdt. 7.198 (480 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.85278,
  "lon": 22.43053,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540641,
  "site": "near the Spercheios mouth, Lamia, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 7.198; IACP polis",
  "note": "Site uncertain; often confused with Phocian Antikyra.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.198",
   "Strabo 9.3.13",
   "Pleiades 540641"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g239",
  "latin": "Sosthenis",
  "greek": "Σωσθενίς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Ainis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ainian city in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Ainian city in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.81972,
  "lon": 22.42273,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541109,
  "site": "Oita slopes south of the Spercheios, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "inscriptions (Ainian koinon)",
  "note": "Location uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 541109"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g240",
  "latin": "Herakleia Trachinia",
  "greek": "Ἡράκλεια ἡ ἐν Τραχῖνι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Malis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Spartan colony founded 426 BC (Thuc. 3.92–93)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "Spartan colony founded 426 BC (Thuc. 3.92–93)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Sparta (with Trachinians and Dorians)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Sparta",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.79204,
  "lon": 22.44758,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541157,
  "site": "near Irakleia, Lamia, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Irakleia (renamed after the city) lies close by",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Near old Trachis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc.; coins; Aetolian League; Oitaian koinon",
  "note": "Later the centre of the Oitaioi; taken by the Romans 191 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.92–93",
   "IACP (Malis)",
   "Pleiades 541157"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g241",
  "latin": "Trachis",
  "greek": "Τρηχίς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Malis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.682)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "'Trachis polis' of the Malians in Hdt. 7.176, 7.199 (480 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.79,
  "lon": 22.44,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "foot of Oita near Irakleia, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Il. 2.682; Hdt.; IACP polis",
  "note": "Replaced by Herakleia (426 BC), 6 stades away (Strabo 9.4.13); kept separate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.199",
   "Thuc. 3.92",
   "Strabo 9.4.13"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g242",
  "latin": "Loidorikion",
  "greek": "Λοιδωρίκιον",
  "other_names": "Lidoriki",
  "territory": "Doris / Ozolian Locris (border)",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": 1000,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval see of Loidorikion, suffragan of Neopatras/Larissa (Notitiae)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1000,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see of Loidorikion, suffragan of Neopatras/Larissa (Notitiae)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.528,
  "lon": 22.198,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Lidoriki, Dorida, Phocis",
  "modern": "Λιδωρίκι / Lidoriki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Λοιδωρίκιον, continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Dorida",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae Episcopatuum; medieval kastron",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum",
   "TIB 1 (Thessalien)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g706",
  "latin": "Konitsa",
  "greek": "Κόνιτσα",
  "other_names": "Konice (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": 1380,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "castle-town of the Despotate of Ioannina, its defences strengthened by the despot (Chronicle of Ioannina, c. 1380)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kaza seat (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Muslim quarter (Albanian- and Turkish-speaking) beside a Greek-speaking Christian community",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 40.0453,
  "lon": 20.7486,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Konitsa, above the Aoos gorge (Konitsa, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "Κόνιτσα / Konitsa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Konitsa",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "late-medieval settlement, taken by the Ottomans in the 1430s",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; kaza seat; bazaar; Muslim and Christian quarters",
  "note": "Date of first status as town not pinned down; 17th c. Is safe, 16th c. Likely.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Evliya Celebi, Seyahatname VIII (Epirus, 1670)",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)",
   "Wikipedia: Konitsa"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g753",
  "latin": "Delvinaki",
  "greek": "Δελβινάκι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": 1670,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Evliya Celebi describes a rich town of 400 houses with 40-50 shops and 3 khans (1670)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1670,
  "city_from_text": "market town (kasaba) with bazaar and khans under a voivode (Evliya, 1670)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Evliya (1670) calls the Christians Albanians; Hobhouse (1809) found the town Greek; the Albanian element was later absorbed",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.9333,
  "lon": 20.4667,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Delvinaki, chief place of Pogoni (Pogoni, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "Δελβινάκι / Delvinaki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "church of the Dormition built 1619",
  "status_evidence": "Evliya (1670): 400 houses, 40-50 shops, 3 khans; hass of an Ottoman admiral under a voivode; weekly fair; c. 3,000 people (Holland, 1812)",
  "note": "Back from the left-out list ('large village'): Evliya's bazaar and khans and the voivode make it a market town of note before 1821. Holland's 3,000 people and Hobhouse's 300 houses disagree.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Evliya Celebi, Seyahatname VIII (1670)",
   "Hobhouse, A Journey through Albania (1813)",
   "Holland, Travels in the Ionian Isles, Albania, Thessaly, Macedonia (1815)",
   "Wikipedia: Delvinaki"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g243",
  "latin": "Bela",
  "greek": "Βελᾶς",
  "other_names": "Vella",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": 950,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of 'Photike, that is Bela' in the Notitiae, mid-10th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 950,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see (under Ohrid after 1020)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.87,
  "lon": 20.63,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Vella Monastery, 2 km south of Kalpaki (Pogoni, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae episcopatuum; Basil II's Ohrid charters",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae episcopatuum",
   "TIB 3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g244",
  "latin": "Cassiope (Corcyra)",
  "greek": "Κασσιόπη",
  "other_names": "Kassiopi",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Corfu",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic settlement with the sanctuary of Zeus Kassios",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 150,
  "city_from_text": "one of the two poleis of Corcyra in Ptolemy 3.14.11; Pliny NH 4.52 'oppidum'",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.79103,
  "lon": 19.92261,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530920,
  "site": "Kassiopi (North Corfu, Corfu)",
  "modern": "Κασσιόπη / Kassiopi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Κασσώπη / Κασσιόπη, medieval Kassopi (Panagia Kassopitra), continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Pliny; medieval castle",
  "note": "Dependent on Corcyra in earlier periods; city status rests on Ptolemy and Pliny.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ptolemy 3.14.11",
   "Pliny NH 4.52",
   "Suet. Nero 22",
   "Pleiades 530920"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g705",
  "latin": "Metsovo",
  "greek": "Μέτσοβον",
  "other_names": "Aminciu (Aromanian); Meçova (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": 1659,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "privileges of self-government granted by the Ottoman government c. 1659; thereafter a privileged trading town on the Ioannina-Trikala road",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1659,
  "city_from_text": "privileged self-governing community (c. 1659), merchants, Greek school in the 18th c.",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Aromanian majority; Greek in church, school, trade and records, men widely bilingual (Leake)",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.7703,
  "lon": 21.1828,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Metsovo, at the Zygos pass of the Pindus (Metsovo, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "Μέτσοβο / Metsovo",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Metsovo",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Aromanian mountain village before the privileges",
  "status_evidence": "privileged self-governing community; merchants and caravan trade; Greek school (18th c.); c. 1,000+ houses in Leake",
  "note": "Counted as an Aromanian–Greek bilingual town (†); if a Greek-speaking majority were required, it would fall out.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece I (1835)",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece (1820)",
   "Wikipedia: Metsovo"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g245",
  "latin": "Passaron",
  "greek": "Πασσαρών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": -297,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Molossian kings take their oaths at Passaron (Plut. Pyrrh. 5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -167,
  "city_from_text": "Molossian oppidum surrendering in 167 BC (Livy 45.26)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.73301,
  "lon": 20.75239,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531042,
  "site": "Gardiki, near Rodotopi (Zitsa, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Plut. Pyrrh. 5; Livy 45.26",
  "note": "Site identification debated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Plut. Pyrrh. 5",
   "Livy 45.26",
   "Pleiades 531042"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g752",
  "latin": "Phylace (Epirus)",
  "greek": "Φυλάκη",
  "other_names": "Phylake",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": -167,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the four Molossian oppida (with Passaron, Tecmon and Horreum) that held out against Rome in 167 BC (Livy 45.26)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -167,
  "city_from_text": "Molossian oppidum (Livy 45.26)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.7,
  "lon": 20.8,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Molossia; site unknown",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 45.26 (oppidum)",
  "note": "Back from the left-out list: it passes the city test on the same Livy passage as Tecmon, which is listed with its region only. Its site is unknown, so it is likely but not proven to lie in present-day Greece; lat/lon mark the Molossian region only.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 45.26",
   "Hammond, Epirus (1967)",
   "Wikipedia: Phylace (Epirus)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g246",
  "latin": "Tecmon",
  "greek": "Τέκμων",
  "other_names": "Tekmon",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": -167,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Molossian oppidum in 167 BC (Livy 45.26)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -167,
  "city_from_text": "Molossian oppidum",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.68,
  "lon": 20.8,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Molossia, near Ioannina; site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 45.26",
  "note": "Dakaris and the Ioannina Ephorate put Tekmon at Kastritsa (Eurymenae in the Barrington Atlas); kept as two cities, Tekmon with only its region known.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 45.26"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g247",
  "latin": "Ioannina",
  "greek": "Ἰωάννινα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": 879,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bishop of Ioannina at the council of 879-80",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 879,
  "city_from_text": "see; later kastropolis and capital of the Despots of Epirus",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.6688,
  "lon": 20.85811,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530900,
  "site": "Ioannina Kastro (Ioannina, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "Ιωάννινα / Ioannina",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval name (from the 9th-10th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "Ioannina",
  "muni_seat": "Ioannina",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "late antique (and perhaps Hellenistic) fortification under the Kastro",
  "status_evidence": "see 879; Notitiae; medieval kastron (Anna Komnene)",
  "note": "Possibly Justinian's new Euroia (Procopius); not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "Anna Komnene 5.4",
   "Pleiades 530900"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g248",
  "latin": "Phanote",
  "greek": "Φανότη",
  "other_names": "Phanota",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "walled Epirote town at Doliani, late 4th-early 3rd c. BC; oppidum in Livy 43.21 (169 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -169,
  "city_from_text": "fortified town (Livy: oppidum)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.65854,
  "lon": 20.49515,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531056,
  "site": "Doliani (Filiates, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 43.21; Polyb. 27.16",
  "note": "Walls at Doliani are earlier (4th-3rd c.); polis status not explicit.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 43.21",
   "Polyb. 27.16",
   "Pleiades 531056"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g249",
  "latin": "Eurymenae (Epirus)",
  "greek": "Εὐρυμεναί",
  "other_names": "Eurymenai; Kastritsa",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": -312,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Molossian town besieged and razed by Lykiskos, 312 BC (Diod. 19.88)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -312,
  "city_from_text": "town (polis in Diodorus)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.63,
  "lon": 20.92,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530875,
  "site": "Kastritsa, by Lake Pamvotis (Ioannina)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Diod. 19.88",
  "note": "Kastritsa is Eurymenai? in the Barrington Atlas but Tekmon for Dakaris and the Ephorate; only one of the two can stand here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 19.88",
   "Pleiades 530875"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g250",
  "latin": "Corcyra",
  "greek": "Κέρκυρα",
  "other_names": "Korkyra; Corfu (Κορυφώ, medieval)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Corfu",
  "greek_from": -733,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Corinthian colony under Chersikrates, traditionally 733 BC (Strabo 6.2.4); earliest finds late 8th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -733,
  "city_from_text": "colony; major polis by the 7th c.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth (Chersikrates)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.60813,
  "lon": 19.9067,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530834,
  "site": "Palaiopolis (Kanoni peninsula), Corfu town (Corfu)",
  "modern": "Κέρκυρα / Kerkyra",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval and vernacular Greek also Κορυφώ / Κορφοί (whence Corfu), but Κέρκυρα stayed in Greek learned and church use (Metropolis of Kerkyra throughout) and became official in 1800",
  "ru_capital": "Corfu",
  "muni_seat": "Central Corfu and Diapontian Islands",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "earlier Eretrian settlement (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 11); Bronze Age traces",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see 451, 787, metropolis; medieval kastropolis; Venetian 1386",
  "note": "Eusebius gives a later date (c. 706). The medieval town on the Old Fortress lies c. 2 km north of Palaiopolis, within the same urban area, so it is counted as one city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Korkyra)",
   "Strabo 6.2.4",
   "Thuc. 1.24-55",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 530834"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g251",
  "latin": "Gitana",
  "greek": "Γίτανα",
  "other_names": "Gitanai",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "walled Thesprotian town of the 4th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -172,
  "city_from_text": "Epirote council meets at Gitana, 172 BC (Livy 42.38); seat of the Thesprotian koinon",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.57066,
  "lon": 20.26223,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530878,
  "site": "near Gitani, by the Kalamas (Igoumenitsa, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 42.38; Thesprotian koinon; theatre and prytaneion",
  "note": "Destroyed 167 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 42.38",
   "Pleiades 530878"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g252",
  "latin": "Dodona",
  "greek": "Δωδώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Ioannina",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Zeus of Dodona in the Iliad (16.233-235, 2.750); oracle tablets in Greek from the 6th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "sanctuary and federal centre of the Molossians, then of all the Epirotes, with theatre, bouleuterion and prytaneion (c. 300 BC); a see from 431",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.54644,
  "lon": 20.78773,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530843,
  "site": "Dodoni (Dodoni, Ioannina)",
  "modern": "Δωδώνη / Dodoni",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age finds, Mycenaean bronzes",
  "status_evidence": "see 431, 451; Hierocles; Hellenistic federal centre with bouleuterion and prytaneion",
  "note": "The sanctuary and federal centre of the Molossians and then of the Epirote League; bishops of Dodona at Ephesus (431) and Chalcedon (451); Hierocles.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 16.233",
   "Hierocles 651",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 530843"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g253",
  "latin": "Photice",
  "greek": "Φωτική",
  "other_names": "Photike; Paramythia (later town nearby)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": 100,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Roman-period town (Greek and Latin inscriptions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 5,
  "city_from": 451,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles; bishop at Chalcedon 451 (Diadochos of Photike later)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.48205,
  "lon": 20.49625,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531064,
  "site": "Limboni, near Paramythia (Souli, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see 451",
  "note": "The see later appears as 'Photike, that is Bela' (10th c.).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 652",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 531064"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g715",
  "latin": "Paramythia",
  "greek": "Παραμυθιά",
  "other_names": "Agios Donatos; Aydonat (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": 1250,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval town of Agios Donatos: church of the Koimesis (13th c.) and castle, in the Despotate of Epirus",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1449,
  "city_from_text": "kaza seat; seat of the Orthodox bishop (see of Paramythia)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Albanian-speaking majority (Christian, later many Muslim Chams); Greek speakers and a Greek school from 1682, bilingualism",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.471,
  "lon": 20.509,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Paramythia, under the castle on Mt Gorilla (Souli, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "Παραμυθιά / Paramythia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Souli",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "medieval Agios Donatos, probably the residence of the bishops successors of Photike",
  "status_evidence": "kaza seat; bishop's seat; castle; Greek school attested 1682",
  "note": "A town before 1460, so it falls in period 6. Photike is listed at Limboni, a few km away; if Agios Donatos were taken as Photike's successor on the same site, it would be counted there.",
  "decision": "A town under Ottoman rule already before 1460, so it falls in period 6.",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Paramythia",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece IV (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Παραμυθιά"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g254",
  "latin": "Theudoria",
  "greek": "Θευδωρία",
  "other_names": "Theodoriana",
  "territory": "Athamania",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Arta",
  "greek_from": -189,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Athamanian stronghold taken back by Amynander, 189 BC (Livy 38.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -189,
  "city_from_text": "Athamanian town (coins of Theudoria?)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.44,
  "lon": 21.2,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531118,
  "site": "near Theodoriana (Georgios Karaiskakis, Arta)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 38.1",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 38.1",
   "Pleiades 531118"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g255",
  "latin": "Elea (Thesprotia)",
  "greek": "Ἐλέα",
  "other_names": "Elaia",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thesprotian city with coins inscribed ΕΛΕΑΙΩΝ, mid-4th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Thesprotian polis (coins, theatre, agora)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.43974,
  "lon": 20.55014,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530860,
  "site": "Veliani, near Paramythia (Souli, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; excavated civic centre",
  "note": "Destroyed by the Romans in 167 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Riginos and Lazari, Elea (2007)",
   "Pleiades 530860"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g256",
  "latin": "Euroea",
  "greek": "Εὔροια",
  "other_names": "Euroia",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": 451,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hierocles; bishop at Chalcedon 451",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 451,
  "city_from_text": "late antique city and see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.3359,
  "lon": 20.60729,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530874,
  "site": "Glyki, by the Acheron (Souli, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "Γλυκή / Glyki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see 451; Procopius Aed. 4.1",
  "note": "Procopius says Justinian moved the people to a nearby lake island (sometimes taken as Ioannina). Probably a Hellenistic predecessor; not dated earlier.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles 651",
   "Procopius Aed. 4.1.39-42",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 530874"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g257",
  "latin": "Elina",
  "greek": "",
  "other_names": "Dymokastro",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Thesprotia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic walled town with civic buildings (Dymokastro)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "walled Thesprotian town; ancient name uncertain",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 39.33029,
  "lon": 20.29411,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530862,
  "site": "Dymokastro near Perdika (Igoumenitsa, Thesprotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "archaeology (walls, buildings)",
  "note": "Name and civic status uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 530862"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g714",
  "latin": "Parga",
  "greek": "Πάργα",
  "other_names": "Parga (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": 1401,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "community under Venetian protection from 1401, governed by a Venetian castellan sent from Corfu",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1572,
  "city_from_text": "town and castle rebuilt by Venice in 1572 after the sacks of 1452 and 1537",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.2847,
  "lon": 20.399,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Parga, under the castle on the Ionian coast (Parga, Preveza)",
  "modern": "Πάργα / Parga",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Parga",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "earlier settlement inland (Palaia Parga) and a castle of the 14th c.",
  "status_evidence": "Venetian castellan/provveditore; community council; trade in olive oil; c. 5,000 people when ceded in 1819",
  "note": "Dated from 1401, when Venice took it under its protection; if a Venetian governor is not enough before the town was rebuilt, the date would be 1572. The townspeople left for Corfu in 1819.",
  "decision": "A town under Venetian protection already before 1460, so it falls in period 6.",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Parga",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece I (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Πάργα"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g258",
  "latin": "Pandosia (Epirus)",
  "greek": "Πανδοσία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -343,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the Elean colonies Philip II gave to Alexander of Molossia, 343/2 BC ([Dem.] 7.32)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -343,
  "city_from_text": "polis (colony of Elis)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Elis",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Elis",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.27839,
  "lon": 20.67769,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531039,
  "site": "Kastri, near Kanallaki (Parga, Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Archaic and earlier occupation at Kastri",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; [Dem.] 7.32; Strabo 7.7.5",
  "note": "Elean colony founded earlier (Archaic?), date unknown; first-attestation date used.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "[Dem.] 7.32",
   "Strabo 7.7.5",
   "IACP (Epeiros)",
   "Pleiades 531039"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g259",
  "latin": "Orraon",
  "greek": "Ὄρραον",
  "other_names": "Horreum (Livy)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Arta",
  "greek_from": -375,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "planned Molossian town founded in the early 4th c. BC (excavated houses)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -375,
  "city_from_text": "Molossian town; Horreum surrenders 167 BC (Livy 45.26)",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "Molossians (inferred; no founder tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.27122,
  "lon": 20.92539,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531025,
  "site": "Ammotopos (Arta)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 45.26; excavated town",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 45.26",
   "Dakaris and Hoepfner, Orraon",
   "Pleiades 531025"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g260",
  "latin": "Ephyra (Thesprotia)",
  "greek": "Ἐφύρα",
  "other_names": "Ephyre; Kichyros (Κίχυρος, later name)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thesprotian Ephyre in the Odyssey (1.259, 2.328)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -433,
  "city_from_text": "'Ephyre, a polis of Thesprotia' (Thuc. 1.46)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.24349,
  "lon": 20.53069,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530870,
  "site": "hill above Mesopotamo, by the Nekromanteion (Parga, Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean (LH III) fortification walls and pottery; no palace or Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc. 1.46; Strabo 7.7.5 (renamed Kichyros)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.46",
   "Strabo 7.7.5",
   "Dakaris, Thesprotia",
   "Pleiades 530870"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g261",
  "latin": "Batiae",
  "greek": "Βατίαι",
  "other_names": "Batiai",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Kassopaian town (Theopompus; Strabo 7.7.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "walled Kassopaian town",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.22442,
  "lon": 20.82778,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530818,
  "site": "Kastri near Rizovouni (Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 7.7.5; walls",
  "note": "Some ancient sources list it with the Elean colonies.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7.7.5",
   "Pleiades 530818"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g262",
  "latin": "Elatria",
  "greek": "Ἐλάτρεια",
  "other_names": "Elateia (Epirus)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -343,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Elean colony given to Alexander of Molossia, 343/2 BC ([Dem.] 7.32)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -343,
  "city_from_text": "polis (colony of Elis)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Elis",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Elis",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.1652,
  "lon": 20.7198,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530859,
  "site": "near Palaiorofoi / Kastri (Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; [Dem.] 7.32; Strabo 7.7.5",
  "note": "Site identification uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "[Dem.] 7.32",
   "Strabo 7.7.5",
   "Pleiades 530859"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g263",
  "latin": "Bucheta",
  "greek": "Βουχέτα",
  "other_names": "Bucheton; Rhogoi (Ῥωγοί, medieval); Kastro Rogon",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -343,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Elean colony given to Alexander of Molossia, 343/2 BC ([Dem.] 7.32)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -343,
  "city_from_text": "polis (colony of Elis); later the medieval town and see of Rhogoi",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Elis",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Elis",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.1564,
  "lon": 20.847,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530822,
  "site": "Kastro Rogon near Nea Kerasounta (Preveza, Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; [Dem.] 7.32; Strabo 7.7.5; medieval see of Rhogoi (Notitiae, c. 900)",
  "note": "Identification of Bucheta with Kastro Rogon is standard; medieval Rhogoi stands on the same site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "[Dem.] 7.32",
   "Strabo 7.7.5",
   "Notitiae episcopatuum",
   "Pleiades 530822"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g264",
  "latin": "Ambracia",
  "greek": "Ἀμβρακία",
  "other_names": "Ambrakia; Arta (Ἄρτα, medieval and modern)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Arta",
  "greek_from": -625,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Cypselid colony of Corinth under Gorgos, c. 625 BC (Strabo 7.7.6, 10.2.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -625,
  "city_from_text": "colony; polis in Herodotus and Thucydides",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth (Gorgos son of Cypselus)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.15492,
  "lon": 20.99009,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530794,
  "site": "Arta (Arta, Arta)",
  "modern": "Άρτα / Arta",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval name Arta (from c. 1000) of the same city, in use since",
  "ru_capital": "Arta",
  "muni_seat": "Arta",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Pyrrhus' capital; Aetolian League; Roman free city; medieval Arta capital of the Despotate of Epirus; see of Naupaktos and Arta",
  "note": "Most of the population moved to Nikopolis c. 29 BC; the town revives as Arta (first named 1082, Anna Komnene); Ottoman 1449. Same site, one entry.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Epeiros)",
   "Strabo 7.7.6",
   "Anna Komnene 5.4",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 530794"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g265",
  "latin": "Cassope",
  "greek": "Κασσώπη",
  "other_names": "Kassope",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "synoecism of the Kassopaians on a new planned site, mid-4th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "capital of the Kassopaian koinon; coins",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "the Kassopaians (synoecism)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.14502,
  "lon": 20.67592,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530922,
  "site": "Kamarina, near Zalongo (Ziros, Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; decrees of the Kassopaians; theatre, agora, katagogion",
  "note": "Abandoned for Nikopolis after 31 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Dakaris, Kassope (1971)",
   "Hoepfner and Schwandner, Haus und Stadt",
   "Pleiades 530922"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g266",
  "latin": "Berenice (Epirus)",
  "greek": "Βερενικίς",
  "other_names": "Berenike",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -295,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Pyrrhus and named after Berenike, his mother-in-law (Plut. Pyrrh. 6.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -295,
  "city_from_text": "royal foundation",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Pyrrhus",
  "founder_group": "Epirote kings",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "epi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.10347,
  "lon": 20.64253,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530819,
  "site": "Michalitsi / Kastrosykia, north of Preveza (Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Plut. Pyrrh. 6.1",
  "note": "Site identification near Preveza is conventional.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Plut. Pyrrh. 6.1",
   "Pleiades 530819"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g267",
  "latin": "Nicopolis",
  "greek": "Νικόπολις",
  "other_names": "Actia Nicopolis",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": -31,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Octavian after Actium (31 BC), synoecizing Ambracia, Anaktorion, Leukas, Kalydon and others",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -31,
  "city_from_text": "Greek free city and later capital of Epirus Vetus",
  "origin": "Roman foundation",
  "founder": "Augustus (Octavian)",
  "founder_group": "Roman emperors to 330",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "koi",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.0157,
  "lon": 20.736,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531013,
  "site": "Nikopoli, north of Preveza (Preveza, Preveza)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 7.7.6; coins; Hierocles; metropolitan see (bishops 431, 451, 787)",
  "note": "Formal foundation c. 29 BC; declined after the 6th c., the see later moved to Naupaktos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 7.7.6",
   "Cassius Dio 51.1",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 531013"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g713",
  "latin": "Preveza",
  "greek": "Πρέβεζα",
  "other_names": "Preveze (Turkish); Prevesa (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Epirus",
  "region9": "Epirus",
  "regional_unit": "Preveza",
  "greek_from": 1477,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "refounded by the Ottomans probably in 1477 after taking it from the Tocco; fortified c. 1486-87 and 1495",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "documented foundation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1477,
  "city_from_text": "Ottoman fortified town and naval base (battle of Preveza 1538)",
  "origin": "foundation by Venice or the Ottomans",
  "founder": "the Ottomans",
  "founder_group": "Ottomans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.959,
  "lon": 20.751,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Preveza, at the mouth of the Ambracian Gulf, c. 6 km S of Nikopolis (Preveza)",
  "modern": "Πρέβεζα / Preveza",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Preveza",
  "muni_seat": "Preveza",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "name and port of St Nicholas in the Chronicle of the Morea (1292)",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman fortress-town; Venetian 1684-99 and 1717-97 with a provveditore; Greek school 1779; c. 10,000-12,000 people late 18th c.",
  "note": "Founded 1477. Nikopolis is a separate site 6 km N.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Preveza",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece I (1835)",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece (1820)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g268",
  "latin": "Argos Amphilochicum",
  "greek": "Ἄργος τὸ Ἀμφιλοχικόν",
  "other_names": "Amphilochian Argos",
  "territory": "Amphilochia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -435,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek-speaking (Hellenized by Ambraciot co-settlers) by the time of Phormio's expedition, c. 437-432 BC (Thuc. 2.68)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -435,
  "city_from_text": "Amphilochian polis, allied with Acarnania and Athens c. 435 BC (Thuc. 2.68, 3.105)",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "Amphilochos (myth); Ambraciot co-settlers",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Thuc. 2.68: the Argives learned their Greek from the Ambraciot co-settlers",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.93,
  "lon": 21.19,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530809,
  "site": "near Loutro / Neochori, north of Amfilochia (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "native Amphilochian town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc. 2.68, 3.105-114; coins",
  "note": "Hellenization by Ambraciot co-settlers is undated (6th-5th c.?); -435 is a lower bound.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.68",
   "IACP (Amphilochia)",
   "Pleiades 530809"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g269",
  "latin": "Leucas",
  "greek": "Λευκάς",
  "other_names": "Leukas; Santa Maura / Agia Mavra (medieval castle and town)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lefkada",
  "greek_from": -625,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Cypselid colony of Corinth, c. 625 BC (Strabo 10.2.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -625,
  "city_from_text": "colony; Leukadians at Salamis and Plataea",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth under Cypselus",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.80734,
  "lon": 20.71312,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530974,
  "site": "Kalligoni, south of Lefkada town (Lefkada)",
  "modern": "Λευκάδα / Lefkada",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval island and castle Αγία Μαύρα / Santa Maura; the town was Venetian Amaxichi (Αμαξική); ancient name Λευκάς revived for island and town under the Septinsular/Ionian state",
  "ru_capital": "Lefkada",
  "muni_seat": "Lefkada",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Acarnanian town Nerikos (Od. 24.377); Bronze Age sites on the island",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League capital; see 879-80; medieval town",
  "note": "Ancient city at Kalligoni c. 2 km from the modern town and Santa Maura castle (1300): treated as one place. In 1684 the Venetians moved the town from the castle of Santa Maura to Amaxiki, today's Lefkada (c. 1.5 km): one place.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Strabo 10.2.8",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 530974"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g270",
  "latin": "Ithaca",
  "greek": "Ἰθάκη",
  "other_names": "Ithake",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Ithaca",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and sanctuary at Aetos; Geometric cult in the Polis cave",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Classical-Hellenistic polis (coins; decree for Magnesia on the Maeander)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.44193,
  "lon": 20.6384,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530905,
  "site": "Stavros/Polis area, or Aetos (Ithaca)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "site uncertain (Stavros/Polis or Aetos)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean remains at Agios Athanasios and the Polis cave; no palace or Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "The Hellenistic city centre is located either near Stavros or at Aetos (Alalkomenai); Pleiades follows RE (north).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Ithaka)",
   "Od. passim",
   "Pleiades 530905"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g722",
  "latin": "Vathy (Ithaca)",
  "greek": "Βαθύ",
  "other_names": "Ithaki town; Val di Compare (Venetian, for the island)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Ithaca",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "port town and seat of the island's administration under Venice, after the resettlement of Ithaca from 1504",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "main town and port of Ithaca (18th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.367,
  "lon": 20.719,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Vathy, at the head of the deep bay of Molos (Ithaca)",
  "modern": "Ιθάκη (Βαθύ) / Ithaki (Vathy)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "officially Ithaki today; Vathy in common use",
  "ru_capital": "Ithaca",
  "muni_seat": "Ithaca",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "harbour of the upland village of Perachori/Palaiochora",
  "status_evidence": "island town and port; shipping; Venetian officials",
  "note": "Growth gradual; the 18th c. Is a safe estimate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Ιθάκη",
   "Wikipedia: Ithaca",
   "Holland, Travels (1815)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g271",
  "latin": "Same",
  "greek": "Σάμη",
  "other_names": "Samos (Homeric); Samaioi (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands (Cephallenia)",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Same/Samos in Homer (Il. 2.634; Od. 1.246)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "one of the four poleis of Kephallenia (Thuc. 2.30)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.25083,
  "lon": 20.64763,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531093,
  "site": "Sami (Sami, Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "Σάμη / Sami",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Σάμη / Σάμος, name kept for the district and harbour",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Sami",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thuc. 2.30; besieged by Fulvius Nobilior 189 BC",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kephallenia)",
   "Thuc. 2.30",
   "Livy 38.28-29",
   "Pleiades 531093"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g272",
  "latin": "Pale",
  "greek": "Πάλη",
  "other_names": "Paleis (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands (Cephallenia)",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": -479,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "200 Paleis of Kephallenia at Plataea, 479 BC (Hdt. 9.28)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Hdt. 9.28; Thuc. 1.27, 2.30)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.22255,
  "lon": 20.43748,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531036,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Lixouri (Lixouri, Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hdt. 9.28",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kephallenia)",
   "Hdt. 9.28",
   "Pleiades 531036"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g721",
  "latin": "Lixouri",
  "greek": "Ληξούριον",
  "other_names": "Lixuri (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "second town of Venetian Kefalonia, centre of Paliki, in Venetian records of the 16th-17th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "town of Paliki (Venetian period); schools of the 18th c. (V. Damodos)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.201,
  "lon": 20.437,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Lixouri, on the Paliki peninsula opposite Argostoli (Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "Ληξούρι / Lixouri",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of the early Venetian period",
  "status_evidence": "Venetian town of Paliki; merchants and port; schools (18th c.)",
  "note": "Ancient Pale lies at Palaiokastro, c. 1.5 km N; counted as a separate site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Ληξούριον",
   "Wikipedia: Lixouri"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g720",
  "latin": "Argostoli",
  "greek": "Ἀργοστόλι",
  "other_names": "Argostoli (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": 1757,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "capital of Kefalonia and seat of the Venetian provveditore from 1757, transferred from the Kastro of St George",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1757,
  "city_from_text": "island capital from 1757",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.175,
  "lon": 20.49,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Argostoli, on the Koutavos inlet of the bay of Argostoli (Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "Αργοστόλι / Argostoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Kefalonia",
  "muni_seat": "Kefalonia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "port settlement of merchants growing from the 16th-17th c.",
  "status_evidence": "Venetian provveditore and island council from 1757; port and merchants",
  "note": "Already a sizeable port town before 1757, so the date is conservative. Different site from Kranioi and the Kastro.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Argostoli",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Αργοστόλιον"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g273",
  "latin": "Cranii",
  "greek": "Κράνιοι",
  "other_names": "Krane; Kranioi",
  "territory": "Ionian islands (Cephallenia)",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the four poleis of Kephallenia (Thuc. 2.30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Thuc. 2.30, 2.33); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.16783,
  "lon": 20.5167,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530962,
  "site": "Kranaia walls near Razata, south-east of Argostoli (Argostoli, Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thuc. 2.30",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kephallenia)",
   "Thuc. 2.30",
   "Pleiades 530962"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g274",
  "latin": "Pronni",
  "greek": "Πρόννοι",
  "other_names": "Pronnoi",
  "territory": "Ionian islands (Cephallenia)",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of the four poleis of Kephallenia (Thuc. 2.30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Thuc. 2.30); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.14596,
  "lon": 20.77672,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531074,
  "site": "south of Poros (Elios-Pronnoi, Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean tholos tomb at Tzannata nearby",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Thuc. 2.30",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kephallenia)",
   "Thuc. 2.30",
   "Pleiades 531074"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g275",
  "latin": "Cephallenia (Kastro)",
  "greek": "Κεφαλληνία",
  "other_names": "Kastro of Agios Georgios",
  "territory": "Ionian islands (Cephallenia)",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kefalonia",
  "greek_from": 787,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bishop of Kephallenia at Nicaea 787",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 787,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see; castle town and island capital in the later Middle Ages",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.128,
  "lon": 20.553,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kastro Agiou Georgiou above Peratata (Argostoli, Kefalonia)",
  "modern": "Περατάτα / Peratata",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval capital Kastro (Κάστρο Αγίου Γεωργίου) until 1757; village names Kastro / Peratata",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see 787, 879-80; seat of the County Palatine (1184) and of the Venetian administration to 1757; walled town and exo-bourgo",
  "note": "The see bears the island's name; the castle, first fortified in the 9th–10th c., was the island's main settlement and seat of administration until 1757, so the see is dated with it.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "TIB 3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g276",
  "latin": "Zacynthus",
  "greek": "Ζάκυνθος",
  "other_names": "Zante",
  "territory": "Ionian islands",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Zakynthos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Zakynthos in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.634)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic-Classical polis (Thuc. 2.7, 2.66); acropolis Psophis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.79139,
  "lon": 20.89528,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531154,
  "site": "Zakynthos town and kastro hill (Zakynthos)",
  "modern": "Ζάκυνθος / Zakynthos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Italian Zante (Greek vernacular also Τζάντε), Ζάκυνθος kept in Greek use",
  "ru_capital": "Zakynthos",
  "muni_seat": "Zakynthos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; medieval kastron; Latin see of Kephallenia and Zakynthos; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Settlers from Arcadian Psophis per Paus. 8.24.3 (tradition).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Zakynthos)",
   "Thuc. 2.66",
   "Paus. 8.24.3",
   "Pleiades 531154"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g277",
  "latin": "Anactorium",
  "greek": "Ἀνακτόριον",
  "other_names": "Anaktorion",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -625,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Cypselid colony of Corinth, c. 625 BC (Strabo 10.2.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -625,
  "city_from_text": "colony; Anaktorians at Plataea (Hdt. 9.28)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth under Cypselus",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.92094,
  "lon": 20.8435,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530798,
  "site": "Agios Petros near Vonitsa (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "Joint Corinthian-Corcyraean colony per Thuc. 1.55; population moved to Nikopolis by Augustus.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Strabo 10.2.8",
   "Thuc. 1.55",
   "Pleiades 530798"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g278",
  "latin": "Vonitsa",
  "greek": "Βόνιτσα",
  "other_names": "Bonditza (Βόνδιτζα)",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Bonditza, suffragan of Naupaktos, in the Notitiae (c. 900)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see and kastron",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.919,
  "lon": 20.888,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Vonitsa (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Βόνιτσα / Vonitsa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Βόνδιτζα, continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Aktio-Vonitsa",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae episcopatuum (Naupaktos); medieval kastron",
  "note": "Separate from Anaktorion (c. 4 km west).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae episcopatuum (Darrouzes)",
   "TIB 3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g279",
  "latin": "Euripus (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Εὔριπος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic Acarnanian community",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian League member?",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.91823,
  "lon": 20.99807,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530873,
  "site": "east of Vonitsa on the Ambracian Gulf (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Acarnanian inscriptions?; Barrington Atlas",
  "note": "Name and status uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 530873"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g719",
  "latin": "Karpenisi",
  "greek": "Καρπενήσιον",
  "other_names": "Kerpeniş (Turkish)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Evrytania",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman kasaba and district seat of the Agrafa-Evrytania mountains",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kasaba and district seat (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.913,
  "lon": 21.794,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Karpenisi, under Mt Velouchi (Karpenisi, Evrytania)",
  "modern": "Καρπενήσι / Karpenisi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Evrytania",
  "muni_seat": "Karpenisi",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "named in the Ottoman tax register of 1454-55",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; seat of a kadi/voivode; market for the Agrafa villages",
  "note": "Date of first status as town not pinned down; a town by the 18th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece III (1820)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Καρπενήσιον",
   "Wikipedia: Karpenisi"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g280",
  "latin": "Heraclea (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Ἡράκλεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic Acarnanian community (Pliny NH 4.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian League member?",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.90007,
  "lon": 20.93571,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530890,
  "site": "near Vonitsa (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania), site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Pliny NH 4.5; Barrington Atlas",
  "note": "Existence as a polis is uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pliny NH 4.5",
   "Pleiades 530890"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g281",
  "latin": "Sollium",
  "greek": "Σόλλιον",
  "other_names": "Sollion",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Corinthian town taken by Athens 431 BC (Thuc. 2.30); founded earlier, date unknown",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Thuc. 2.30, 3.95, 5.30)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.86185,
  "lon": 20.80288,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 536133,
  "site": "on the coast near Palairos (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania), unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc. 2.30, 5.30",
  "note": "Probably a Cypselid foundation like Anaktorion; given to the Palairians in 431 BC, so later merged with Palairos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.30, 5.30",
   "Pleiades 536133"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g282",
  "latin": "Limnaea",
  "greek": "Λιμναία",
  "other_names": "Limnaia; Karvasaras",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "unwalled Acarnanian village sacked 429 BC (Thuc. 2.80)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "later walled polis of the Acarnanian League (Polyb. 5.5, 5.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.85805,
  "lon": 21.16841,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530980,
  "site": "Amfilochia (Amfilochia, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Αμφιλοχία / Amfilochia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Karvasaras (Καρβασαράς, Ottoman caravanserai) until renamed Amfilochia after the ancient region",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Amfilochia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (later); Polybius; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "A kome in 429 BC; polis status from the 4th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.80, 3.106",
   "Polyb. 5.5",
   "Pleiades 530980"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g283",
  "latin": "Thyrreum",
  "greek": "Θύρρειον",
  "other_names": "Thyrreion",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins and inscriptions of the 4th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian polis; seat of the League in the 2nd c. BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.85325,
  "lon": 20.98755,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531123,
  "site": "Kastro near Thyrreio (Agios Vasileios) (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Thyrreio (formerly Agios Vasileios) nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Polyb. 28.5",
   "Pleiades 531123"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g284",
  "latin": "Palaerus",
  "greek": "Πάλαιρος",
  "other_names": "Palairos",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "received Sollion from Athens, 431 BC (Thuc. 2.30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Thuc. 2.30",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.83576,
  "lon": 20.82592,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531034,
  "site": "Kechropoula / Pogonia (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Palairos (formerly Zaverda) is a separate site",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.30",
   "Pleiades 531034"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g285",
  "latin": "Aperantia",
  "greek": "Ἀπεραντία",
  "other_names": "Aperantoi (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -191,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aperantia taken by Philip V, 191 BC (Livy 36.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -191,
  "city_from_text": "town of the Aperantoi, member of the Aetolian League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.82,
  "lon": 21.48,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "near Palaiokatouna / Agios Vlasios (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Steph. Byz.; Polyb. 22.8; Livy 36.33, 38.3, 43.22; Aetolian League member",
  "note": "Town and district of the Aperantoi; Leake's site near the confluence of the Achelous and the Petitaros is unconfirmed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 36.33"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g286",
  "latin": "Medeon (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Μεδεών",
  "other_names": "Medion",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "on Eurylochus' route, 426 BC (Thuc. 3.106)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian polis; besieged by Aetolians 231 BC (Polyb. 2.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.7825,
  "lon": 21.12502,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530998,
  "site": "near Katouna (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 3.106",
   "Polyb. 2.2-4",
   "Pleiades 530998"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g287",
  "latin": "Torybeia",
  "greek": "Τορυβεία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Acarnanian community attested in the 4th c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis?",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.76302,
  "lon": 21.06285,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531126,
  "site": "north of Katouna (Aktio-Vonitsa, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP?; Barrington Atlas",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 531126"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g288",
  "latin": "Alyzia",
  "greek": "Ἀλυζία",
  "other_names": "Alyzeia",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -413,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Demosthenes calls at Alyzia, 413 BC (Thuc. 7.31)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -413,
  "city_from_text": "polis with a Herakleion (Strabo 10.2.21); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.70891,
  "lon": 20.94771,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530793,
  "site": "near Kandila / Mytikas (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 7.31",
   "Strabo 10.2.21",
   "Pleiades 530793"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g289",
  "latin": "Echinus (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Ἐχῖνος",
  "other_names": "Echinos",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Acarnanian polis in the 4th c. BC (Ps.-Skylax 34; coins?)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.7,
  "lon": 21.05,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Acarnania, site uncertain (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax 34; Pliny NH 4.5",
  "note": "Distinct from Malian Echinos; site unlocated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Ps.-Skylax 34",
   "Pliny NH 4.5"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g290",
  "latin": "Phoetiae",
  "greek": "Φοιτίαι",
  "other_names": "Phoitiai; Phytia (Thuc.)",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Phytia' on Eurylochus' route, 426 BC (Thuc. 3.106)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian polis; taken by Philip V 219 BC (Polyb. 4.63)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.687,
  "lon": 21.14339,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531063,
  "site": "Porta, near Machairas (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 3.106",
   "Polyb. 4.63",
   "Pleiades 531063"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g291",
  "latin": "Stratus",
  "greek": "Στράτος",
  "other_names": "Stratos",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'the largest city of Acarnania', attacked 429 BC (Thuc. 2.80-81)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "polis and centre of the Acarnanian koinon (Thuc. 2.80)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.67173,
  "lon": 21.31948,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531104,
  "site": "Sourovigli, by Stratos village (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Στράτος / Stratos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Sourovigli (Σουροβίγλι) until renamed Stratos (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League; Aetolian after c. 263 BC",
  "note": "Certainly older than 429 BC (Archaic finds); first-attestation date used.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.80-81",
   "Xen. Hell. 4.6.4",
   "Pleiades 531104"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g292",
  "latin": "Aetos",
  "greek": "Ἀετός",
  "other_names": "Kastro Aetou",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Aetos, suffragan of Naupaktos, in the Notitiae (c. 900)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see and kastron",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.65,
  "lon": 21.07,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kastro near Aetos (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae episcopatuum (Naupaktos)",
  "note": "Medieval see; coordinates approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae episcopatuum (Darrouzes)",
   "TIB 3 (Nikopolis und Kephallenia)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g293",
  "latin": "Thestia",
  "greek": "Θέστεια",
  "other_names": "Thestieis (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -218,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian town sacked by Philip V, 218 BC (Polyb. 5.7.7)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -218,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian League polis; ethnic Thestieis in inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.65,
  "lon": 21.49,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541143,
  "site": "north of Lake Trichonis, east of Agrinio (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polybius; Aetolian inscriptions",
  "note": "Site per Barrington Atlas (Pleiades 541143).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 5.7.7",
   "Pleiades 541143"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g294",
  "latin": "Agrinium",
  "greek": "Ἀγρίνιον",
  "other_names": "Agrinion",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -314,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Acarnanians synoecized into Agrinion with Cassander's help (Diod. 19.67.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -314,
  "city_from_text": "synoecism of 314 BC; later Aetolian (Polyb. 5.7.7)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Acarnanians with Cassander",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.64832,
  "lon": 21.37394,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540599,
  "site": "Megali Chora, north of Agrinio (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Agrinio (Vrachori until 1836) lies 3–4 km S and took the ancient name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Diod. 19.67-68; Polyb. 5.7; Aetolian League",
  "note": "Border town between Acarnania and Aetolia; the medieval/Ottoman Vrachori (modern Agrinio) was not a city or see before 1460; it is listed separately as an Ottoman town (period 7).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 19.67-68",
   "Polyb. 5.7.7",
   "Pleiades 540599"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g295",
  "latin": "Derium",
  "greek": "Δήριον",
  "other_names": "Derion; Derieis (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -314,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Derieis moved into Agrinion in 314 BC (Diod. 19.67.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -314,
  "city_from_text": "Derieis, an Acarnanian community moved into Agrinion, 314 BC (Diod. 19.67.4)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.63538,
  "lon": 21.18984,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530840,
  "site": "near the Achelous, south of Stratos (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Diod. 19.67",
  "note": "Polis status and the date of city status are uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 19.67.4",
   "Pleiades 530840"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g718",
  "latin": "Vrachori",
  "greek": "Βραχώρι",
  "other_names": "Vrahor (Turkish); Agrinio",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 1585,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town deserted during the revolt of 1585, so in existence by then; later the administrative centre of the sanjak of Karlıeli (18th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kaza of Vrachori (Imrahor) in 17th-c. Ottoman lists; a prosperous town of c. 300 houses in Evliya Çelebi; seat of the sanjak of Karlıeli after Angelokastron was devastated in the Morean War",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Turkish Muslim and Greek Christian quarters, with a Jewish community",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.624,
  "lon": 21.408,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Agrinio town centre, c. 5 km S of ancient Agrinion (Megali Chora) (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Αγρίνιο / Agrinio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Vrachori until 1836, renamed after ancient Agrinion, c. 5 km north",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Agrinio",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; kaza seat; bazaar; mosques, churches and synagogue; taken by the Greeks in June 1821",
  "note": "Separate from ancient Agrinion (Megali Chora). The date of its town status is not pinned down.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece III (1820)",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece I (1835)",
   "Wikipedia: Agrinio"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g296",
  "latin": "Phistyon",
  "greek": "Φιστύον",
  "other_names": "Phystion; Phistyeis (ethnic)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian polis known from 3rd-2nd c. BC inscriptions (manumissions at the Aphrodite Syria sanctuary)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian League polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.6,
  "lon": 21.59,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541058,
  "site": "north-east shore of Lake Trichonis, sanctuary of Aphrodite Syria (Thermo/Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IG IX 1² 1 (manumissions); Aetolian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX 1² 1",
   "Pleiades 541058"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g297",
  "latin": "Coronta",
  "greek": "Κόροντα",
  "other_names": "Koronta; Korontai",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Phormio expels suspects from Stratos and Koronta, 429 BC (Thuc. 2.102)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.58932,
  "lon": 21.15997,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 530961,
  "site": "near Agios Georgios / Kato Achelous valley (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins (4th c.); Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.102",
   "Pleiades 530961"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g298",
  "latin": "Sauria",
  "greek": "Σαυρία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -314,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Acarnanians synoecized into Sauria with Cassander's help, 314 BC (Diod. 19.67.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -314,
  "city_from_text": "synoecism centre",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.58,
  "lon": 21.23,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531094,
  "site": "west of the Achelous, south of Stratos (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Diod. 19.67.4",
  "note": "Supersedes the 'Sauria' reject in chunk 1; site per Barrington Atlas with '?'.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 19.67.4",
   "Pleiades 531094"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g299",
  "latin": "Arsinoe (Aetolia)",
  "greek": "Ἀρσινόη",
  "other_names": "Konope (earlier village); Angelokastron (medieval fortress on the site)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -290,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "village Konope refounded as Arsinoe by Arsinoe II (Strabo 10.2.22)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -290,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Aetolian League",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Arsinoe II",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.57294,
  "lon": 21.29892,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530959,
  "site": "Angelokastro (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Αγγελόκαστρο / Angelokastro",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval fortress-town Ἀγγελόκαστρον (13th c.) on the acropolis; the village keeps it",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Aetolian village Konope",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 10.2.22; Polyb. 4.64; Aetolian League",
  "note": "Arsinoe was then wife of Lysimachus (c. 299-281) or of Ptolemy II; the date is uncertain. The medieval fortress-town of Angelokastron on the site was the southern capital of the Tocco until 1460 and the seat of the Ottoman sanjak of Karlıeli until the late 17th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.2.22",
   "Pleiades 530959"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g300",
  "latin": "Astacus (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Ἀστακός",
  "other_names": "Astakos",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "tyrant Euarchos of Astakos expelled by Athens 431 BC (Thuc. 2.30, 2.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Thuc. 2.30",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.55437,
  "lon": 21.09135,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 530815,
  "site": "hill NE of Astakos town (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Astakos (formerly Dragamesti) lies below to the SW and took the ancient name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 2.30, 2.33",
   "Pleiades 530815"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g301",
  "latin": "Metropolis (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Μητρόπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -219,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "taken by Philip V in 219 BC (Polyb. 4.64)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.55336,
  "lon": 21.2457,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531000,
  "site": "Palaiomanina (Xiromero, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Polybius; Acarnanian League",
  "note": "Probably 4th c. Or earlier; first-attestation date only.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.64",
   "Pleiades 531000"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g302",
  "latin": "Callium",
  "greek": "Κάλλιον",
  "other_names": "Kallion; Kallipolis",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Kallieis, an Aetolian (Ophionian) people, in Thuc. 3.96",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic walled city, sacked by the Gauls 279 BC (Paus. 10.22.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.55033,
  "lon": 22.16577,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540849,
  "site": "Velouchovo, now under Lake Mornos (Dorida, Phocis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "site now under Lake Mornos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 10.22.3-7; Aetolian League; excavated Hellenistic town",
  "note": "Thucydides' Kallieis lived in villages; the walled town is 4th-3rd c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.96",
   "Paus. 10.22",
   "Pleiades 540849"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g303",
  "latin": "Lysimachia (Aetolia)",
  "greek": "Λυσιμάχεια",
  "other_names": "Lysimacheia",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -290,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "named after Lysimachus, early 3rd c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -290,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Aetolian League (Strabo 10.2.22)",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "Lysimachus",
  "founder_group": "Successors",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.52983,
  "lon": 21.3357,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540921,
  "site": "south of Lysimacheia village by Lake Lysimacheia (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 10.2.22; Aetolian League",
  "note": "Date and the king's role inferred from the name; deserted by Strabo's time.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.2.22",
   "Pleiades 540921"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g304",
  "latin": "Acrae (Aetolia)",
  "greek": "Ἄκραι",
  "other_names": "Akrai",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -218,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian town on Philip V's route, 218 BC (Polyb. 5.13.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -218,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian League community (ethnic Akraioi)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.52625,
  "lon": 21.46024,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540615,
  "site": "south-west of Lake Trichonis (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania); two candidate sites",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polybius; Aetolian inscriptions",
  "note": "Pleiades gives two possible sites (540615, 540616).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 5.13.8",
   "Pleiades 540615"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g305",
  "latin": "Metapa",
  "greek": "Μέταπα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -218,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian town sacked by Philip V, 218 BC (Polyb. 5.7.8, 5.13.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -218,
  "city_from_text": "small polis of the Aetolian League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.52532,
  "lon": 21.5845,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540945,
  "site": "on Lake Trichonis, near Myrtia? (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polybius; Aetolian League",
  "note": "Small Hellenistic town; polis status from Polybius and league lists, not certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 5.7.8, 5.13.8",
   "Pleiades 540945"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g306",
  "latin": "Trichonium",
  "greek": "Τριχόνιον",
  "other_names": "Trichonion",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attested in the 3rd c. BC (Aetolian strategoi from Trichonion; Polyb. 4.3)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Aetolian League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.52448,
  "lon": 21.52067,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541161,
  "site": "near Gavalou, south of Lake Trichonis (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Aetolian League decrees; Polybius; Strabo 10.2.3",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.3, 5.7",
   "Strabo 10.2.3",
   "Pleiades 541161"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g307",
  "latin": "Pamphia",
  "greek": "Πάμφια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -218,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian town on Philip V's route, 218 BC (Polyb. 5.8.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -218,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian League community",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.50535,
  "lon": 21.64995,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541006,
  "site": "east of Lake Trichonis, near Thermo (Thermo, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polybius",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 5.8.1",
   "Pleiades 541006"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g308",
  "latin": "Phytaeum",
  "greek": "Φυταῖον",
  "other_names": "Phytaion",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian community in 3rd-2nd c. BC inscriptions (Phytaieis)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian League polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.49018,
  "lon": 21.61266,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541059,
  "site": "south of Lake Trichonis (Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Aetolian inscriptions (IG IX 1² 1)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX 1² 1",
   "Pleiades 541059"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g309",
  "latin": "Proschion",
  "greek": "Πρόσχιον",
  "other_names": "Pylene (Homeric predecessor, per Strabo)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Proschion in Aetolia, base of Eurylochus' army, 426 BC (Thuc. 3.102.5, 3.106.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "Aetolian town in Thuc. 3.102.5",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.46,
  "lon": 21.38,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541079,
  "site": "hills north of Pleuron (Mesolongi/Agrinio, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Thuc. 3.102; Strabo 10.2.6",
  "note": "Pleiades 541079 ('Pylene?') used for the site; Pylene-Proschion link is Strabo's.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.102.5",
   "Strabo 10.2.6",
   "Pleiades 541079"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g310",
  "latin": "Achelous (see)",
  "greek": "Ἀχελῷος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Achelous, suffragan of Naupaktos, in the Notitiae (c. 900)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.45,
  "lon": 21.2,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "lower Achelous valley (Aetolia-Acarnania), site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Notitiae episcopatuum (Naupaktos)",
  "note": "Seat unlocated (near Oiniadai/Katochi or at Angelokastro have been suggested).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae episcopatuum (Darrouzes)",
   "TIB 3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g311",
  "latin": "Phana (Aetolia)",
  "greek": "Φάνα",
  "other_names": "Phanai",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aetolian polis besieged by the Achaeans (Paus. 10.18.1), probably early 4th c. BC when Achaea held Kalydon",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "called a polis by Pausanias",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.45,
  "lon": 21.55,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Aetolia, unlocated",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 10.18.1",
  "note": "Siege undated; 4th-c. Context inferred from the Achaean hold on Kalydon (Xen. Hell. 4.6.1).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.18.1"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g312",
  "latin": "Paeanium",
  "greek": "Παιάνιον",
  "other_names": "Paianion",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -219,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "small walled polis taken and razed by Philip V, 219 BC (Polyb. 4.65.2-4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Polybius",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.44,
  "lon": 21.27,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531028,
  "site": "near the lower Achelous, north of Oiniadai (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.65",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.65",
   "Pleiades 531028"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g717",
  "latin": "Aitoliko",
  "greek": "Ἀνατολικόν",
  "other_names": "Anatoliko; Aitolikon",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 1406,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "fortress-town of Anatoliko under Carlo I Tocco from 1406, Venetian share of its salt-pan and fishery revenues to 1430",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kasaba (Ottoman period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.437,
  "lon": 21.353,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Aitoliko, on an islet between the Messolonghi lagoon and the Aitoliko lagoon (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Αιτωλικό / Aitoliko",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Anatoliko until the 19th c., renamed Aitolikon",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; fisheries and shipping; churches and school by the 18th c.; besieged 1823",
  "note": "Date of first status as town not pinned down; 18th c. Certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece III (1820)",
   "Leake, Travels in Northern Greece III (1835)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Αιτωλικόν"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g313",
  "latin": "New Pleuron",
  "greek": "Πλευρὼν ἡ νέα",
  "other_names": "Pleuron (Hellenistic); Kastro Kyras Rinis",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -234,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "refounded on a new site after Demetrius II destroyed Old Pleuron, c. 234 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -234,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic walled city of the Aetolian League; briefly in the Achaean League (Paus. 7.11.3)",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "the Pleuronians",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.41522,
  "lon": 21.40938,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540961,
  "site": "Kastro Kyras Rinis on Mt Arakynthos, near Mesolongi (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 10.2.4; Aetolian League; theatre and walls",
  "note": "A separate site from Old Pleuron; emptied for Nikopolis under Augustus.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.2.4",
   "Paus. 7.11.3",
   "Pleiades 540961"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g314",
  "latin": "Oeniadae",
  "greek": "Οἰνιάδαι",
  "other_names": "Oiniadai; Trikardo",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "besieged by Pericles c. 454 BC (Thuc. 1.111)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "walled polis by the Achelous mouth (Thuc. 1.111, 2.102)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.40707,
  "lon": 21.19638,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 531016,
  "site": "Trikardokastro near Katochi (Mesolongi, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Acarnanian League; ship-sheds and theatre",
  "note": "Aetolian 330-219 BC, then Acarnanian again.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Akarnania)",
   "Thuc. 1.111, 2.102",
   "Polyb. 4.65",
   "Pleiades 531016"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g315",
  "latin": "Naupactus",
  "greek": "Ναύπακτος",
  "other_names": "Lepanto (Venetian); Ἔπαχτος (medieval)",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic West Locrian town (Naupaktia epic; Locrian colony law c. 500 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "polis receiving East Locrian settlers (IG IX 1² 3, 718)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Heraclids building ships (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.39973,
  "lon": 21.83127,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540960,
  "site": "Nafpaktos (Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Ναύπακτος / Nafpaktos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "vernacular Ἔπακτος / Ἔπαχτος < Ναύπακτος (whence Lepanto, Turk. İnebahtı); learned Ναύπακτος kept by the Church (Metropolis of Naupaktos)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Nafpaktia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (West Locris); coins; Messenians settled 456/5 BC; Aetolian 338 BC; Hierocles; see 431, 451, metropolis from 9th c.; Venetian 1407-1499",
  "note": "Ozolian Locrian, not Aetolian, until Philip II gave it to the Aetolians c. 338 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (West Lokris)",
   "Thuc. 1.103",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 540960"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g316",
  "latin": "Pleuron",
  "greek": "Πλευρών",
  "other_names": "Old Pleuron (Palaia Pleuron)",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Pleuron in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.639)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic-Classical polis (IACP); Thuc. 3.102",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.39448,
  "lon": 21.41878,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540999,
  "site": "Gyftokastro near Mesolongi (Iera Poli Mesolongiou, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Catalogue of Ships; Thuc. 3.102",
  "note": "Destroyed by Demetrius II c. 234 BC; the people moved to New Pleuron a few km away (Strabo 10.2.4). Identification of the old site is debated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aitolia)",
   "Strabo 10.2.4",
   "Il. 2.639",
   "Pleiades 540999"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g317",
  "latin": "Molycreion",
  "greek": "Μολύκρειον",
  "other_names": "Molykreia; Molykreion",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -429,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Molykrian Rhion' 429 BC (Thuc. 2.84.4); Corinthian apoikia subject to Athens, 426 BC (Thuc. 3.102.2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "Corinthian colony subject to Athens, taken by the Peloponnesians 426 BC",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Corinth",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Corinth",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.38804,
  "lon": 21.75773,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540948,
  "site": "near Velvina/Antirrio (Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc. 3.102; Strabo 10.2.21",
  "note": "Foundation date not transmitted (probably Archaic, Cypselid?); Strabo puts it after the Return of the Heraclidae. Dated from first attestation.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.102.2",
   "Strabo 10.2.21",
   "IACP (Aitolia)",
   "Pleiades 540948"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g318",
  "latin": "Calydon",
  "greek": "Καλυδών",
  "other_names": "Kalydon",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric buildings at the Laphrion and Geometric settlement continuing into the Archaic city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "'the polis of Kalydon' in Il. 9.530; Archaic-Classical polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Kalydon son of Aitolos (myth)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.37293,
  "lon": 21.53318,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540699,
  "site": "Kalydon ruins near Evinochori (Iera Poli Mesolongiou, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Early Helladic and Mycenaean (LH III) remains on the acropolis and Laphrion",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Catalogue of Ships; Achaean possession 389 BC (Xen. Hell. 4.6.1); Aetolian League; coins",
  "note": "Population moved to Nikopolis by Augustus and the Laphria statue to Patras; no medieval city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aitolia)",
   "Il. 2.640, 9.530",
   "Strabo 10.2.3-4",
   "Pleiades 540699"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g716",
  "latin": "Messolonghi",
  "greek": "Μεσολόγγιον",
  "other_names": "Missolonghi; Mesolongi; Misolonghi",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": 1760,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "seafaring town with its own fleet and the school of Panagiotis Palamas (c. 1760); fleet burned after the Orlov revolt (1770)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1760,
  "city_from_text": "shipping town with school (c. 1760)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.371,
  "lon": 21.43,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Messolonghi, on the lagoon of the Gulf of Patras (Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "Μεσολόγγι / Mesolongi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "muni_seat": "Iera Poli Mesolongiou",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "fishing and trading settlement named by Paruta in his account of Lepanto (1571)",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; ships and trade; school (c. 1760); fisheries",
  "note": "Probably a town already by c. 1700; 1760 is the first firm date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia: Missolonghi",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage dans la Grece III (1820)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Μεσολόγγιον"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g319",
  "latin": "Macynia",
  "greek": "Μακύνεια",
  "other_names": "Makynia; Makyneia",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attested as an Aetolian town in Classical sources",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic Aetolian city; Strabo 10.2.4 and 10.2.21",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.3557,
  "lon": 21.72438,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540927,
  "site": "near Makyneia (Mamoulada) (Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 10.2.4, 10.2.21; Aetolian League",
  "note": "Strabo dates its foundation after the Return of the Heraclidae; the dates are uncertain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.2.4, 10.2.21",
   "Pleiades 540927"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g320",
  "latin": "Chalcis (Aetolia)",
  "greek": "Χαλκίς",
  "other_names": "Hypochalkis",
  "territory": "Aetolia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Chalkis by the sea' in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.640)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -455,
  "city_from_text": "'Chalkis, a polis of the Corinthians' taken by Tolmides (Thuc. 1.108.5)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.35405,
  "lon": 21.63132,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540829,
  "site": "Agios Ilias hill at Kato Vasiliki (Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH, MH and Mycenaean settlement on the hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Thuc. 1.108; Strabo 10.2.4",
  "note": "Thucydides calls it Corinthian; it may have received Corinthian settlers, but it is a Homeric town, so not classed as a colony.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aitolia)",
   "Thuc. 1.108.5",
   "Il. 2.640",
   "Pleiades 540829"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g321",
  "latin": "Nasus (Acarnania)",
  "greek": "Νᾶσος",
  "other_names": "Nasos; Nesos",
  "territory": "Acarnania",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "greek_from": -211,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Oiniadai and Nasos promised to the Aetolians, 211 BC (Livy 26.24.15)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -211,
  "city_from_text": "Acarnanian town (urbs in Livy)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.35,
  "lon": 21.19,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 531009,
  "site": "by the Achelous mouth near Oiniadai (Mesolongi, Aetolia-Acarnania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Livy 26.24; Polyb. 9.39",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Livy 26.24.15",
   "Pleiades 531009"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g322",
  "latin": "Nikaia (Locris)",
  "greek": "Νίκαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Aeschin. 2.132; Dem. 19)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Aeschin. 2.132; Dem. 19)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.81197,
  "lon": 22.61732,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540963,
  "site": "near Thermopylae (Molos), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "polis guarding Thermopylae",
  "note": "Given by Philip II to the Thessalians.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Aeschin. 2.132",
   "Pleiades 540963"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g323",
  "latin": "Skarpheia",
  "greek": "Σκάρφεια",
  "other_names": "Scarphea; Skarphe",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Skarphe, Il. 2.532)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Skarphe, Il. 2.532)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.80909,
  "lon": 22.66381,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541103,
  "site": "near Molos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Hierocles (first city of Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.532",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 541103"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g324",
  "latin": "Alope (Locris)",
  "greek": "Ἀλόπη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -431,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 2.26)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 2.26)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.80837,
  "lon": 22.88042,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540621,
  "site": "coast near Agios Konstantinos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.26",
   "Pleiades 540621"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g756",
  "latin": "Alpenos",
  "greek": "Ἀλπηνός",
  "other_names": "Alpenoi (Ἀλπηνοί, Hdt. 7.176); Alponos (Ἀλπωνός, Aeschin. 2.132)",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Alpenoi/Alpenos at the east gate of Thermopylae, 'the first polis of the Locrians towards the Malians' (Hdt. 7.176, 7.216, 7.229), 480 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "called a polis by Herodotus (7.216), though a kome at 7.176; one of the three Locrian strongholds held by Phalaikos in 346 BC (Aeschin. 2.132)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.8039,
  "lon": 22.5693,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "low rise between the highway and the old road, c. 2 km E of Thermopyles village (Agia Triada area)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "polis in Hdt. 7.216; stronghold with Thronion and Nikaia in 346 BC (Aeschin. 2.132); ToposText classes it as an Archaic to Late Antique polis",
  "note": "Herodotus calls it both a village (7.176) and a polis (7.216); a small fortified enclosure E of Thermopylae is the usual site. Distinct from Nikaia (c. 4 km E).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 7.176, 7.216, 7.229",
   "Aeschin. 2.132",
   "ToposText place 388226PAlp (Alpenos, East Lokris)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g325",
  "latin": "Thronion",
  "greek": "Θρόνιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.533)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (coins); captured by the Phocians 352",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.79,
  "lon": 22.72,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "near Kainourgio (Pikraki), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Not in Pleiades; coordinates approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Diod. 16.33"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g326",
  "latin": "Kynos",
  "greek": "Κῦνος",
  "other_names": "Cynus",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.531)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical community, port of Opous",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.71837,
  "lon": 23.07017,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540896,
  "site": "Pyrgos, Livanates, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean and LH IIIC settlement (Pyrgos)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?",
  "note": "Livy 28.6 calls it the emporium of Opous. Important LH IIIC settlement at Pyrgos (Livanates); Early Iron Age continuity not confirmed here, so dated by Homer.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Dakoronia, Kynos excavations",
   "Pleiades 540896"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g327",
  "latin": "Naryka",
  "greek": "Νάρυκα",
  "other_names": "Naryx",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -395,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Diod. 14.82)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -395,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Diod. 14.82)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.71705,
  "lon": 22.72822,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540958,
  "site": "near Agios Konstantinos (Tarphe?), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins (4th c.)",
  "note": "Home of Locrian Ajax in tradition; Pleiades combines with Tarphe.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Diod. 14.82",
   "Pleiades 540958"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g328",
  "latin": "Kytinion",
  "greek": "Κυτίνιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Doris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -457,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.107)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -457,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.107)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.71539,
  "lon": 22.50877,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540899,
  "site": "near Graviá, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Doric tetrapolis; Kytenion decree (206 BC)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.107",
   "SEG 38.1476",
   "Pleiades 540899"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g329",
  "latin": "Drymaia",
  "greek": "Δρυμαία",
  "other_names": "Drymos",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Drymos, Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Drymos, Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.70616,
  "lon": 22.54099,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540743,
  "site": "Drymaia (Glounista), Phocis",
  "modern": "Δρυμαία / Drymaia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Glounista (Γλούνιστα) until renamed Drymaia (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman city (Paus. 10.33.12); Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "Paus. 10.33.12",
   "Pleiades 540743"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g330",
  "latin": "Erineos",
  "greek": "Ἐρινεός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Doris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Tyrtaeus fr. 2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -457,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Dorian tetrapolis (Thuc. 1.107)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.69436,
  "lon": 22.41574,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540769,
  "site": "near Kastellia, upper Kephisos valley, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Doric tetrapolis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.107",
   "IACP (Doris)",
   "Pleiades 540769"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g331",
  "latin": "Pindos",
  "greek": "Πίνδος",
  "other_names": "Akyphas",
  "territory": "Doris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Classical Dorian tetrapolis; Strabo 9.4.10)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Classical Dorian tetrapolis; Strabo 9.4.10)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.68549,
  "lon": 22.37987,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540618,
  "site": "upper Pindos stream, Doris, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Doric tetrapolis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 9.4.10",
   "Pleiades 540618"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g332",
  "latin": "Tithronion",
  "greek": "Τιθρώνιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.67533,
  "lon": 22.58107,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541153,
  "site": "near Modi (Amfikleia), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman town (Paus. 10.33.12)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "Pleiades 541153"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g333",
  "latin": "Ledon",
  "greek": "Λέδων",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.65839,
  "lon": 22.67608,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540908,
  "site": "near Agia Marina, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Paus. 10.3.2",
  "note": "Abandoned by Pausanias' time (10.33.1).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.33.1",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540908"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g334",
  "latin": "Boion",
  "greek": "Βοῖον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Doris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -457,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.107)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -457,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.107)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.65814,
  "lon": 22.44741,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540691,
  "site": "upper Kephisos valley (Doris), Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Doric tetrapolis; Hierocles (Hellas: Βοιόν)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.107",
   "Pleiades 540691"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g335",
  "latin": "Halai",
  "greek": "Ἁλαί",
  "other_names": "Halae",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Archaic town founded c. 600 on the Neolithic mound",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "archaeology: Archaic town founded c. 600 on the Neolithic mound",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.65376,
  "lon": 23.19375,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540800,
  "site": "Agios Ioannis near Theologos, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; later Boeotian (Hellenistic decrees)",
  "note": "Opuntian Locrian, Boeotian from the 4th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Locris)",
   "Goldman; Coleman, Halai excavations",
   "Pleiades 540800"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g337",
  "latin": "Elateia",
  "greek": "Ἐλάτεια",
  "other_names": "Elatea; medieval Drachmani",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: LH IIIC–Protogeometric cemetery (Alonaki) continuing into the town",
  "disputed": "c. 1000 from a cemetery used from the end of the Mycenaean period into the Protogeometric.",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis burnt by the Persians (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.64563,
  "lon": 22.77999,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540755,
  "site": "near Elateia (Drachmani), Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Elateia (Drachmani until renamed) lies ~2 km away",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean cemetery",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Phocian koinon seat; Hierocles",
  "note": "Continuity inferred from the cemetery sequence; a conservative alternative is -480 (Hdt.).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Deger-Jalkotzy & Dakoronia, Elateia-Alonaki",
   "Pleiades 540755"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g338",
  "latin": "Amphikleia",
  "greek": "Ἀμφίκλεια",
  "other_names": "Amphikaia; Ophiteia (Paus.)",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Amphikaia, Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Amphikaia, Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.64232,
  "lon": 22.59821,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540629,
  "site": "Amfikleia (Dadi), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Αμφίκλεια / Amfikleia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Dadi (Δαδί) until renamed Amfikleia (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Amfikleia-Elateia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman city (Paus. 10.33.9)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "Paus. 10.33.9",
   "Pleiades 540629"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g339",
  "latin": "Charadra",
  "greek": "Χαράδρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.64094,
  "lon": 22.48957,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540709,
  "site": "Mariolata, Phocis",
  "modern": "Μαριολάτα / Mariolata",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman city (Paus. 10.33.6)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "Paus. 10.33.6",
   "Pleiades 540709"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g340",
  "latin": "Lilaia",
  "greek": "Λίλαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.523)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (destroyed 346, Paus. 10.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.63198,
  "lon": 22.50127,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540915,
  "site": "Kato Agoriani (Polydrosos), Phocis",
  "modern": "Λιλαία / Lilaia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kato Agoriani (Κάτω Αγόριανη) until renamed Lilaia",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hellenistic decrees; Roman city (Paus. 10.33.3)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.33",
   "Pleiades 540915"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g341",
  "latin": "Opous",
  "greek": "Ὀποῦς",
  "other_names": "Opus; Talantion, Talanti (medieval); Atalanti",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.531; 23.85)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric town; chief polis of the Opuntian Locrians",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.63064,
  "lon": 23.04788,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540986,
  "site": "Kyparissi or Atalanti, Phthiotis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern Atalanti (medieval Ταλάντι, Frankish Talandi; learned form Αταλάντη after the ancient islet) lies at or beside the site",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds around Atalanti/Kyparissi",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; see (Ephesus 431, Chalcedon 451, Constantinople 553); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Site disputed between Atalanti town and Kyparissi, c. 4 km east. Bishops of Opous 431, 451, 553; its medieval successor Talantion (Talanti) is today's Atalanti.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Locris)",
   "Fossey, Topography of East Lokris",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 540986"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g681",
  "latin": "Triteis",
  "greek": "Τριτεῖς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "among the Phocian poleis burnt by Xerxes along the Kephisos (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.63,
  "lon": 22.75,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "unlocated, Kephisos valley near Elateia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 8.33",
  "note": "Same evidence as Charadra, Erochos and Tithronion; point placed in the valley by Herodotus' order.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "McInerney, The Folds of Parnassos (1999)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g342",
  "latin": "Erochos",
  "greek": "Ἔροχος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.62369,
  "lon": 22.5409,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540770,
  "site": "near Polydrosos, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 8.33; Paus. 10.3.2",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540770"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g682",
  "latin": "Anastasis",
  "greek": "Ἀνάστασις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "known only as a city in Hierocles (Hellas, c. 527)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles, Synecdemus (Hellas), c. 527",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.62183,
  "lon": 23.08285,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540633,
  "site": "East (Opountian) Locris, east of Atalanti (Barrington 55 E3; site not excavated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Late Roman city of Hellas listed between Opous and Aidepsos; Barrington locates it in Opountian Locris; name may conceal an older town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles, Synecdemus (Hellas)",
   "Barrington Atlas 55 E3",
   "Pleiades 540633"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g683",
  "latin": "Pedieis",
  "greek": "Πεδιεῖς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "among the Phocian poleis burnt by Xerxes along the Kephisos (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.61,
  "lon": 22.72,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "unlocated, Kephisos valley between Tithorea and Elateia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 8.33",
  "note": "Same evidence as Charadra, Erochos and Tithronion (already included); point placed in the valley by Herodotus' order.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "McInerney, The Folds of Parnassos (1999)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g343",
  "latin": "Hyampolis",
  "greek": "Ὑάμπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.521)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis (Hdt. 8.28, 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.59607,
  "lon": 22.90558,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540820,
  "site": "Vogdani hill near Kalapodi, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman city",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Hdt. 8.28",
   "Pleiades 540820"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g684",
  "latin": "Boumeliteia",
  "greek": "Βουμελίτεια",
  "other_names": "Boumelita (Hierocles)",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": 527,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "known only as a city in Hierocles (Hellas, c. 527)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles, Synecdemus (Hellas), c. 527",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.58892,
  "lon": 23.19241,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540695,
  "site": "eastern Locris near Larymna/Malesina (Barrington 55 E3; site not excavated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Late Roman city of Hellas listed after Anthedon; Barrington (date range 300-640) places it in eastern Locris.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles, Synecdemus (Hellas)",
   "Barrington Atlas 55 E3",
   "Pleiades 540695"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g344",
  "latin": "Tithorea",
  "greek": "Τιθορέα",
  "other_names": "Neon (Νέων)",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Neon, Hdt. 8.32–33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Neon, Hdt. 8.32–33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.5855,
  "lon": 22.6686,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541152,
  "site": "Tithorea (Velitsa), Phocis",
  "modern": "Τιθορέα / Tithorea",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Velitsa (Βελίτσα) until renamed Tithorea (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Neon); Roman polis Tithorea (Paus. 10.32.8–11); Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.32",
   "Pleiades 541152"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g345",
  "latin": "Abai",
  "greek": "Ἀβαί",
  "other_names": "Abae",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (oracle consulted by Croesus, Hdt. 1.46)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis burnt by the Persians (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.5802,
  "lon": 22.91706,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540582,
  "site": "near Exarchos (Kalapodi), Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman city (Hadrian)",
  "note": "Kalapodi (LH IIIC–Geometric cult continuity) is 3–5 km away and is identified either as Abai's oracle of Apollo or as Artemis Elaphebolos of Hyampolis; not used to date either town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Hdt. 1.46",
   "Pleiades 540582"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g346",
  "latin": "Larymna",
  "greek": "Λάρυμνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phthiotis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (4th c.; Locrian town)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Boeotian League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.56735,
  "lon": 23.28135,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540906,
  "site": "Larymna (Kastri), Phthiotis",
  "modern": "Λάρυμνα / Larymna",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kastri (Κάστρι) until renamed Larymna (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Boeotian League decrees",
  "note": "Opuntian Locrian, Boeotian from the Hellenistic period (Paus. 9.23.7).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 9.23.7",
   "IG VII",
   "Pleiades 540906"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g347",
  "latin": "Parapotamioi",
  "greek": "Παραποτάμιοι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.33)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.55115,
  "lon": 22.81786,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541011,
  "site": "near Anthochori, Phocis/Boeotia border",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Paus. 10.3.2",
  "note": "Destroyed 346 and not rebuilt (Paus. 10.33.8).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.33",
   "Paus. 10.33.8",
   "Pleiades 541011"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g348",
  "latin": "Physkos",
  "greek": "Φύσκος",
  "other_names": "Physkeis",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hellenistic decrees of the West Locrian koinon)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hellenistic decrees of the West Locrian koinon)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.54,
  "lon": 22.21,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "Malandrino, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic koinon seat (decrees)",
  "note": "Not in Pleiades; coordinates approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX² 1, 3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g349",
  "latin": "Amphissa",
  "greek": "Ἄμφισσα",
  "other_names": "Salona (medieval; Ἄμφισσα / Σάλωνα)",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.32)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.32)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.5184,
  "lon": 22.37417,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540630,
  "site": "Amfissa, Phocis",
  "modern": "Άμφισσα / Amfissa",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval Σάλωνα (Frankish La Sole / Salona), Ottoman Salona; ancient name restored after independence",
  "ru_capital": "Phocis",
  "muni_seat": "Delphi",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; medieval castle town and Latin see (Salona)",
  "note": "Lordship of Salona 1205–1410; Ottoman c. 1394/1410.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Locris)",
   "Kontogiannis, Salona",
   "Pleiades 540630"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g350",
  "latin": "Daulis",
  "greek": "Δαυλίς",
  "other_names": "Daulia (medieval see)",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.520)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis burnt by the Persians (Hdt. 8.35)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.5075,
  "lon": 22.72886,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540723,
  "site": "Davleia, Phocis",
  "modern": "Δαύλεια / Davleia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval see Δαυλεία; village name kept",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; see Daulia (Notitiae under Athens; Constantinople 1590); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 540723"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g351",
  "latin": "Panopeus",
  "greek": "Πανοπεύς",
  "other_names": "Phanoteus",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.520)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis burnt by the Persians (Hdt. 8.34)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.49529,
  "lon": 22.79432,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541008,
  "site": "Agios Vlasios, Phocis",
  "modern": "Άγιος Βλάσιος / Agios Vlasios",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Paus. 10.4.1 ('if one can call it a polis')",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.4.1",
   "Pleiades 541008"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g352",
  "latin": "Delphi",
  "greek": "Δελφοί",
  "other_names": "Pytho",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Geometric settlement (late 9th–8th c.) continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Delphians by the early 6th c. (First Sacred War)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.48229,
  "lon": 22.50117,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540726,
  "site": "Delphi, Phocis",
  "modern": "Δελφοί / Delfi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "village Kastri (Καστρί) on the sanctuary, moved ~1892 for the French excavations to the new site just W, named Delfi",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean settlement and figurines (Marmaria)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Amphictyony; Hierocles",
  "note": "A sanctuary that was also a polis. The village of Kastri on the site was moved in 1892.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 540726"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g353",
  "latin": "Myania",
  "greek": "Μυανία",
  "other_names": "Myonia",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.101)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.47804,
  "lon": 22.35774,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540952,
  "site": "near Agia Efthymia, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Paus. 10.38.8",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.101",
   "Paus. 10.38.8",
   "Pleiades 540952"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g354",
  "latin": "Phlygonion",
  "greek": "Φλυγόνιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.47478,
  "lon": 22.74069,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541047,
  "site": "near Ambryssos, Boeotia (location uncertain)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 10.3.2",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.3.2",
   "Pleiades 541047"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g355",
  "latin": "Krisa",
  "greek": "Κρῖσα",
  "other_names": "Crisa",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.520)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric town; Archaic polis destroyed in First Sacred War c. 590",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.4654,
  "lon": 22.45957,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540889,
  "site": "Agios Georgios hill near Chrysso, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Chrisso nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean fortified settlement (not a palace)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Hymn to Apollo",
  "note": "Often confused with its port Kirrha.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.520",
   "Hom. Hymn Apollo 269",
   "Pleiades 540889"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g685",
  "latin": "Ipnos (Hypnia)",
  "greek": "Ἰπνός / Ὑπνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Ipneis, Thuc. 3.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "West Locrian community giving hostages to Eurylochos (Thuc. 3.101); later inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.4644,
  "lon": 22.3679,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540828,
  "site": "Gardiki hill near Tritaia (Kolopetinitsa), Delphi municipality, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 3.101; Hellenistic inscriptions (Pleiades)",
  "note": "Located by Pleiades (tentatively) at Gardiki; the other peoples named by Thuc. 3.101, without known sites, are not counted.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.101",
   "Pleiades 540828"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g686",
  "latin": "Aiolidai",
  "greek": "Αἰολίδαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 8.35: polis burnt by the Persians)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "'the polis of the Aiolidai' burnt with Panopeus and Daulis (Hdt. 8.35)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.45452,
  "lon": 22.77736,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540612,
  "site": "unlocated, near Daulis and Panopeus (approximate point)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 8.35 (polis)",
  "note": "Small Phocian community known only from Herodotus; Pleiades location is tentative.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.35",
   "Pleiades 540612"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g687",
  "latin": "Trachis (Phocis)",
  "greek": "Τραχίς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, Phocian cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "one of the Phocian poleis destroyed after the Third Sacred War (Paus. 10.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.45,
  "lon": 22.82,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "unlocated, on the Phocian side of the border near Lebadeia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 10.3.2 (polis)",
  "note": "Site unknown; placed near Lebadeia following Strabo's 'Phocian Trachis' (location only approximate).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.3.2",
   "Strabo 9.3.14"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g356",
  "latin": "Ambryssos",
  "greek": "Ἄμβρυσσος",
  "other_names": "Ambrossos",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.42919,
  "lon": 22.66722,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540626,
  "site": "Distomo, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Δίστομο / Distomo",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Distomo-Arachova-Antikyra",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; walls by the Thebans 338; Roman city (Paus. 10.36.3); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.36.3",
   "Pleiades 540626"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g357",
  "latin": "Eupalion",
  "greek": "Εὐπάλιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.96)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.96)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.41558,
  "lon": 21.91881,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540782,
  "site": "Sergoula, Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.96, 3.102",
   "Pleiades 540782"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g358",
  "latin": "Tritaia (Locris)",
  "greek": "Τριταία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Tritaieis, Thuc. 3.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Tritaieis, Thuc. 3.101)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.40323,
  "lon": 22.32251,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541166,
  "site": "Ozolian Locris (Pleiades location)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 3.101",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.101",
   "Pleiades 541166"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g359",
  "latin": "Oineon",
  "greek": "Οἰνεών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.95)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.95)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.40029,
  "lon": 21.99357,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540972,
  "site": "near Marathias, Aetolia-Acarnania",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.95",
   "Pleiades 540972"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g688",
  "latin": "Echedameia",
  "greek": "Ἐχεδάμεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, Phocian cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "one of the Phocian poleis destroyed after the Third Sacred War (Paus. 10.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.4,
  "lon": 22.68,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "unlocated; listed by Pausanias between Medeon and Ambryssos (SW Phocis, Distomo–Antikyra area)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP (Phokis, p. 416); Paus. 10.3.2 (polis); Delphic manumission naming the city",
  "note": "Site unknown; point placed between Medeon and Ambryssos, its neighbours in Pausanias' list.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.3.2",
   "IACP p. 416",
   "Wikipedia s.v. Echedameia"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g360",
  "latin": "Stiris",
  "greek": "Στῖρις",
  "other_names": "Steiris",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.38432,
  "lon": 22.75535,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541113,
  "site": "Stiri near Hosios Loukas, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Στείρι / Stiri",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Στείρι < Στεῖρις",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; manumission decrees; Roman city (Paus. 10.35.8); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.35.8",
   "Pleiades 541113"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g361",
  "latin": "Chaleion",
  "greek": "Χάλειον",
  "other_names": "Chalaion; Galaxidi",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Oiantheia–Chaleion treaty, early 5th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Oiantheia–Chaleion treaty, early 5th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.378,
  "lon": 22.38728,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540704,
  "site": "Galaxidi, Phocis",
  "modern": "Γαλαξίδι / Galaxidi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Γαλαξείδι(ον) (Chronicle of Galaxidi) on the site of Chaleion",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; treaty IG IX² 1, 717",
  "note": "Some put Oiantheia at Galaxidi instead.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX² 1, 717",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540704"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g362",
  "latin": "Tolophon",
  "greek": "Τολοφών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.101)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.37548,
  "lon": 22.29651,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541154,
  "site": "near Eratini (Vitrinitsa), Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.101",
   "Pleiades 541154"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g363",
  "latin": "Antikyra",
  "greek": "Ἀντίκυρα",
  "other_names": "Anticyra (Phocis); Kyparissos (Paus.)",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -346,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Paus. 10.3.2, cities destroyed 346)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.37544,
  "lon": 22.62606,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540642,
  "site": "Antikyra, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Αντίκυρα / Antikyra",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Aspra Spitia (Άσπρα Σπίτια) under the Ottomans; ancient name restored in the early 20th c. (Paralia Distomou/Aspra Spitia company town 2–3 km away is separate)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman city; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Paus. 10.36.5 identifies it with Homeric Kyparissos; not used for the date. Site now in Boeotia unit.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Phocis)",
   "Paus. 10.36",
   "Pleiades 540642"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g364",
  "latin": "Medeon (Phocis)",
  "greek": "Μεδεών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Geometric–Archaic graves in long-used cemetery",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -346,
  "city_from_text": "polis destroyed 346 (Paus. 10.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.36659,
  "lon": 22.68388,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540939,
  "site": "near Agios Isidoros, Antikyra bay, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "MH–LH cemetery and settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Paus. 10.3.2",
  "note": "Abandoned by Pausanias' day (10.36.6).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Vatin, Médéon de Phocide",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540939"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g365",
  "latin": "Oiantheia",
  "greek": "Οἰάνθεια",
  "other_names": "Euantheia",
  "territory": "Locris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Phocis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Oiantheia–Chaleion treaty, early 5th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Oiantheia–Chaleion treaty, early 5th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.34214,
  "lon": 22.191,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540969,
  "site": "W entrance of the Krisaean Gulf, Phocis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; treaty IG IX² 1, 717",
  "note": "Location disputed (Galaxidi or further west).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG IX² 1, 717",
   "Paus. 10.38.9",
   "Pleiades 540969"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g366",
  "latin": "Boulis",
  "greek": "Βοῦλις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Phocis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hellenistic Phocian koinon)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Hellenistic Phocian koinon)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.27645,
  "lon": 22.80291,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540694,
  "site": "Kastri near Kyriaki, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Phocian koinon member; Roman city (Paus. 10.37.2)",
  "note": "Paus. Says Dorian founders; date of foundation unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 10.37.2",
   "Pleiades 540694"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g367",
  "latin": "Histiaia",
  "greek": "Ἱστίαια",
  "other_names": "Hestiaia; Oreos (Ὠρεός) after 446 BC; medieval Ὠρεοί",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.537)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Histiaians (Hdt. 8.23)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.9466,
  "lon": 23.09053,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540817,
  "site": "Oreoi, Istiaia-Aidipsos, Euboea",
  "modern": "Ωρεοί / Oreoi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Ὠρεός after 446 BC, medieval Ὠρεοί (Frankish Oreo/Loreo), name kept",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Euboean League; see Oreus (Nicaea 787); Venetian castle",
  "note": "Histiaians expelled by Athens 446 and replaced by the cleruchy Oreos on the same site; Oreos remained a city. Modern Istiaia town is c. 3 km inland.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Euboea)",
   "Thuc. 1.114",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 540817"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g368",
  "latin": "Skyros",
  "greek": "Σκῦρος",
  "other_names": "Scyrus",
  "territory": "Skyros",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Protogeometric–Geometric cemeteries (Magazia) below the acropolis of Skyros town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -475,
  "city_from_text": "Athenian cleruchy after Kimon's conquest (476/5); polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.90298,
  "lon": 24.56536,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541108,
  "site": "Skyros town (Kastro hill), Skyros",
  "modern": "Σκύρος / Skyros",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Skyros",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH Palamari; Protogeometric–Geometric cemeteries (Magazia)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; see (Notitiae under Athens); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Pre-Athenian inhabitants were Dolopians (Greek-speaking). Ottoman 1538.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Thuc. 1.98",
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum",
   "Pleiades 541108"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g369",
  "latin": "Aidepsos",
  "greek": "Αἴδηψος",
  "other_names": "Aedepsus",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic/Roman polis with decrees; spa town",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.85919,
  "lon": 23.04553,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540602,
  "site": "Loutra Aidipsou, Euboea",
  "modern": "Λουτρά Αιδηψού / Loutra Aidipsou",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Αιδηψός, vernacular Λίψο(ς)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; decrees (IG XII 9); Roman spa; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG XII 9",
   "Plut. Mor. 667c",
   "Pleiades 540602"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g370",
  "latin": "Dion (Euboea)",
  "greek": "Δῖον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.538)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "tribute-paying community 'Diës' (ATL)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.84958,
  "lon": 22.85056,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540734,
  "site": "near Lichada, Euboea",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "ATL 'Diës' may also refer to Dion on Athos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 540734"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g371",
  "latin": "Athenai Diades",
  "greek": "Ἀθῆναι Διάδες",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.84228,
  "lon": 22.9829,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540681,
  "site": "near Lichada, NW Euboea",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "ATL",
   "Strabo 10.1.5",
   "Pleiades 540681"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g372",
  "latin": "Kerinthos",
  "greek": "Κήρινθος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.538)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic town (Theognis 891)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.83463,
  "lon": 23.47194,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540861,
  "site": "Krya Vrysi near Mantoudi, Euboea",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–LH settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?",
  "note": "Strabo 10.1.5 calls it a polichnion.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Sackett et al., Euboea survey",
   "Pleiades 540861"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g373",
  "latin": "Orobiai",
  "greek": "Ὀροβίαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -426,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.89)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -426,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 3.89)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.82251,
  "lon": 23.21431,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540989,
  "site": "Rovies, Euboea",
  "modern": "Ροβιές / Rovies",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Ροβιές < Ὀροβίαι",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "town in Thucydides; oracle of Apollo Selinountios (Strabo 10.1.3)",
  "note": "Polis status not certain; may have been dependent on Histiaia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 3.89",
   "Pleiades 540989"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g723",
  "latin": "Kymi",
  "greek": "Κούμη",
  "other_names": "Kumi; Kymi",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "seafaring and silk-trading community with its own ships in the 18th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "community of note (ships, silk trade) by the 18th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.632,
  "lon": 24.1,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kymi, on the slopes above its harbour, east coast of Euboea (Kymi-Aliveri, Euboea)",
  "modern": "Κύμη / Kymi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Koumi in Ottoman and popular use, Kymi the learned form",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Kymi-Aliveri",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "medieval village near the castle of Kymi",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing community; ships; silk and wine trade; rose in 1821",
  "note": "Size and status before 1821 unconfirmed; Avlonari and the doubtful ancient Kyme are separate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Κύμη",
   "Wikipedia: Kymi"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g374",
  "latin": "Hyettos",
  "greek": "Ὕηττος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (4th-c. Boeotian League evidence)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic and Roman polis with decrees",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.558,
  "lon": 23.1031,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540823,
  "site": "near Loutsi, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?; Hellenistic and Roman decrees; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Classical status unclear (perhaps under Orchomenos); city in Roman times.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Étienne & Knoepfler, Hyettos de Béotie (1976)",
   "Pleiades 540823"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g375",
  "latin": "Diakres apo Chalkideon",
  "greek": "Διακρῆς ἀπὸ Χαλκιδέων",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -445,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -445,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.55,
  "lon": 23.75,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "hill country of Chalkis (unlocated)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL community",
  "note": "Tribute-paying hill community of the Chalcidice of Euboea; site unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ATL",
   "IACP"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g376",
  "latin": "Avlon (Euboea)",
  "greek": "Αὐλών",
  "other_names": "Avlonari; Latin Avalona",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Aulon under Athens (Notitia of Leo VI, c. 900)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "see of Aulon under Athens (Notitia of Leo VI, c. 900)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.517,
  "lon": 24.13,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": "",
  "site": "Avlonari, Kymi-Aliveri, Euboea",
  "modern": "Αυλωνάρι / Avlonari",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "diminutive of medieval Αὐλών (Latin Avalona)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval see; Latin see (Lateran IV 1215)",
  "note": "Identification of the see Aulon with Avlonari is the modern view.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum 7",
   "Council list"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g377",
  "latin": "Kopai",
  "greek": "Κῶπαι",
  "other_names": "Copae",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.502)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -395,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the Boeotian League (Hell. Oxy.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.50153,
  "lon": 23.16328,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540878,
  "site": "Kastro (Topolia), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Κάστρο / Kastro",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Topolia (Τοπόλια) until renamed Kastro (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Fossey, Topography of Boeotia",
   "Pleiades 540878"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g378",
  "latin": "Anthedon",
  "greek": "Ἀνθηδών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.508)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic/Classical polis (coins)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.49769,
  "lon": 23.45165,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540639,
  "site": "near Loukisia, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH and Mycenaean settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Heraclides Criticus; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Schläger et al., Anthedon",
   "Pleiades 540639"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g379",
  "latin": "Chaironeia",
  "greek": "Χαιρώνεια",
  "other_names": "Chaeronea",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -447,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.113)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -447,
  "city_from_text": "dependent polis of Orchomenos (Thuc. 4.76; Hell. Oxy.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.49397,
  "lon": 22.84143,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540701,
  "site": "Chaironeia, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Χαιρώνεια / Chaironeia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kapraina (Κάπραινα) until renamed Chaironeia (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic tell (Magoula Balomenou)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "Home of Plutarch.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Thuc. 4.76",
   "Pleiades 540701"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g380",
  "latin": "Orchomenos",
  "greek": "Ὀρχομενός",
  "other_names": "Orchomenus (Boeotia); Skripou (medieval)",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palace (frescoes) and Treasury of Minyas, LH IIIA–B",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric town (Il. 2.511); Archaic polis",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.49332,
  "lon": 22.9747,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540987,
  "site": "Orchomenos (Skripou), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Ορχομενός / Orchomenos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "town formed in the 1960s by merging the villages of Petromagoula and Skripou (medieval, with the 874 church) and named Orchomenos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Orchomenos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic to MH settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Boeotian League",
  "note": "Destroyed by Thebes 364, restored 338/335. Medieval Skripou church (874) but no city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Spyropoulos, Orchomenos excavations",
   "Pleiades 540987"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g689",
  "latin": "Chalia",
  "greek": "Χαλία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Theopompus (apud Steph. Byz. s.v.): town of Boeotia",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "called a polis of Boeotia (Theopompus via Steph. Byz.); ethnic in inscriptions",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.48832,
  "lon": 23.57238,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540705,
  "site": "Agios Minas, Drosia (Chalkida, Euboea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Theopompus; ethnic attested epigraphically; possible League member (Pleiades)",
  "note": "Weak case: polis label rests on Stephanus quoting Theopompus; Fossey's location at Drosia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Χαλία",
   "Fossey, Topography of Boeotia",
   "Pleiades 540705"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g381",
  "latin": "Chalcis",
  "greek": "Χαλκίς",
  "other_names": "Chalkis; medieval Εὔριπος (Euripos); Negroponte (Latin)",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Geometric settlement; colonizing metropolis by c. 750",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "polis founding colonies (Naxos 734, Rhegion, Chalcidice) c. 750",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.45714,
  "lon": 23.62194,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540703,
  "site": "Chalkida, Euboea",
  "modern": "Χαλκίδα / Chalkida",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval and Ottoman-era Greek Εὔριπος / Έγριπος (whence Negroponte, Turk. Eğriboz); Χαλκίς survived only in administrative and church use to the 9th c. and was revived after the town passed to Greece (1833)",
  "ru_capital": "Euboea",
  "muni_seat": "Chalkida",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–LH settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Euboean League; see Euripos (869/879; 1590); Latin see Negroponte (1215); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Venetian Negroponte from 1390, Ottoman 1470.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Euboea)",
   "Bakhuizen, Studies in the topography of Chalcis",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 540703"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g382",
  "latin": "Akraiphia",
  "greek": "Ἀκραιφία",
  "other_names": "Akraiphnion, Acraephia; medieval Karditsa",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: Late Geometric–Archaic cemeteries; Ptoion sanctuary",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; Classical and Hellenistic decrees",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.45134,
  "lon": 23.21895,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540617,
  "site": "Akraifnio (Karditsa), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Ακραίφνιο / Akraifnio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Karditsa (Καρδίτσα) until renamed Akraifnio (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Vlachogianni, Akraiphia necropolis",
   "Pleiades 540617"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g383",
  "latin": "Lebadeia",
  "greek": "Λεβάδεια",
  "other_names": "Livadeia; medieval Λεβάδεια / Levadia (Catalan)",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (oracle of Trophonios consulted by Croesus, Hdt. 1.46)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -395,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the Boeotian League district with Koroneia (Hell. Oxy. 19.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.43363,
  "lon": 22.87073,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540907,
  "site": "Livadeia, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Λιβαδειά / Livadeia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Λεβάδεια → Λιβαδειά, continuous",
  "ru_capital": "Boeotia",
  "muni_seat": "Livadeia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman city; medieval kastron and Catalan centre; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Paus. 9.39.1 identifies it with Homeric Mideia; not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Paus. 9.39",
   "Pleiades 540907"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g384",
  "latin": "Mykalessos",
  "greek": "Μυκαλησσός",
  "other_names": "Mycalessus",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.498)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -413,
  "city_from_text": "called a polis when sacked by Thracians in 413 (Thuc. 7.29)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.41672,
  "lon": 23.5196,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540953,
  "site": "near Rhitsona, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (dependent of Tanagra)",
  "note": "Later one of Tanagra's four komai (Strabo 9.2.14).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Thuc. 7.29",
   "Pleiades 540953"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g385",
  "latin": "Grynchai",
  "greek": "Γρύγχαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -454,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -454,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (ATL)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.40111,
  "lon": 24.15984,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540797,
  "site": "central Euboea (location uncertain)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IACP polis?",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ATL",
   "IACP",
   "Pleiades 540797"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g386",
  "latin": "Eretria",
  "greek": "Ἐρέτρια",
  "other_names": "Eretria (Euboea)",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "archaeology: settlement from c. 825–800 BC (Geometric)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "polis founding colonies (Pithekoussai, Corcyra) c. 750",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.39992,
  "lon": 23.79472,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 579925,
  "site": "Eretria (Nea Psara), Euboea",
  "modern": "Ερέτρια / Eretria",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "resettled 1824 by refugees from Psara as Nea Psara (Νέα Ψαρά), later renamed Eretria",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Eretria",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Euboean League",
  "note": "Settlers perhaps from Lefkandi ('Old Eretria', Strabo 10.1.10). A-ma-ru-to (Amarynthos) in Thebes tablets is an Eretrian deme, not the city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Euboea)",
   "Eretria excavations (ESAG)",
   "Pleiades 579925"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g387",
  "latin": "Koroneia",
  "greek": "Κορώνεια",
  "other_names": "Coronea",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.503)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (coins c. 500); Pamboeotia sanctuary of Athena Itonia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.3912,
  "lon": 22.95711,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540717,
  "site": "Agios Georgios hill, Koroneia, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern village Koroneia nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431; Notitiae under Athens)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 540717"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g388",
  "latin": "Porthmos",
  "greek": "Πορθμός",
  "other_names": "Porthmus",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -343,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Dem. 9.33, Eretrian port)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles, Synecdemus (c. 527); bishops 553, 787",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.38931,
  "lon": 24.05973,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 580084,
  "site": "near Aliveri, Euboea",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see (553, 787; Notitiae under Athens)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Dem. 9.33",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 580084"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g389",
  "latin": "Haliartos",
  "greek": "Ἁλίαρτος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.503)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (coins c. 500)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.37832,
  "lon": 23.0866,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540801,
  "site": "Kastri near Aliartos, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "modern town of Aliartos nearby takes the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Destroyed by Rome 171 BC and given to Athens.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Polyb. 30.20",
   "Pleiades 540801"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g690",
  "latin": "Pharai (Boeotia)",
  "greek": "Φαραί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "own Boeotian-shield coins (ΦΑ), c. 550–480 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "coin-issuing community c. 550–480 and again 387–374 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.36551,
  "lon": 23.62299,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541040,
  "site": "probably near Agios Panteleimon / Pharos, NE of Schimatari (Tanagra, Boeotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins (c. 550–480, 387–374 BC); later one of Tanagra's four komai (Strabo 9.2.14)",
  "note": "Coins show it was a self-governing member of the League before it was absorbed by Tanagra; site not certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 9.2.14",
   "Head, HN² (Boeotia: Pharai)",
   "Pleiades 541040"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g390",
  "latin": "Oropos",
  "greek": "Ὠρωπός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Attica",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement with Euboean (Eretrian) links at Skala Oropou",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "polis on the Attic-Boeotian border; moved inland 402 BC (Diod. 14.17)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.31998,
  "lon": 23.7902,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 580044,
  "site": "Skala Oropou, Oropos, East Attica",
  "modern": "Σκάλα Ωρωπού / Skala Oropou",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "“harbour of Oropos”; inland village Oropos keeps the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Geometric–Archaic metal-working settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Boeotia); coins; decrees; Amphiaraion; Boeotian League",
  "note": "Border town held alternately by Athens and Boeotia; Eretrian origin often suggested.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Mazarakis Ainian, Oropos excavations",
   "Pleiades 580044"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g391",
  "latin": "Thebes",
  "greek": "Θῆβαι",
  "other_names": "Thebae; medieval Θῆβαι / Estives (Frankish)",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palace (Kadmeia) with Linear B tablets, LH IIIA–B",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "polis by the Archaic period; head of the Boeotian League",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "te-qa (Thebes tablets)",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.31995,
  "lon": 23.31765,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541138,
  "site": "Thiva (Kadmeia), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Θήβα / Thiva",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Θῆβαι / Θήβα throughout (Frankish Estives)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Thebes",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Early and Middle Helladic settlement on the Kadmeia",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Nicaea 325), metropolis 10th c.; Frankish/Catalan town",
  "note": "Destroyed by Alexander 335, refounded by Cassander 316. The bishops of Thebes at the councils of 869/879, 1215 and 1590 are of Boeotian Thebes.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Aravantinos, Godart & Sacconi, Thèbes I",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 541138"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g392",
  "latin": "Skolos",
  "greek": "Σκῶλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.497)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 9.15; former member of a sympolity merged into Thebes (Hell. Oxy. 19.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.30938,
  "lon": 23.38353,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 541106,
  "site": "near Darimari, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (dependent); Hell. Oxy. 19.3",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hell. Oxy. 19.3",
   "Strabo 9.2.23",
   "Pleiades 541106"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g393",
  "latin": "Tanagra",
  "greek": "Τάναγρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Archaic coins c. 500; Hdt. 5.57, 5.79)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; synoecised the 'tetrakomia' (Strabo 9.2.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.30929,
  "lon": 23.58649,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 580114,
  "site": "Grimadha hill near Schimatari, Tanagra, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean chamber-tomb cemeteries with larnakes (Dendra/Gephyra)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "Identified with Homeric Graia by Pausanias 9.20.2, not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Roller, Tanagran Studies",
   "Pleiades 580114"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g394",
  "latin": "Thespiai",
  "greek": "Θεσπιαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Thespeia, Il. 2.498)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (700 Thespians at Thermopylae, Hdt. 7.202)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.29453,
  "lon": 23.15236,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541141,
  "site": "Thespies, Boeotia",
  "modern": "Θεσπιές / Thespies",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Erimokastro (Ερημόκαστρο) until renamed Thespies (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic, EH and Mycenaean settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Hdt. 7.202",
   "Pleiades 541141"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g691",
  "latin": "Eutresis",
  "greek": "Εὔτρησις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.502)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -395,
  "city_from_text": "with Thisbe attached to Thespiai's Boeotarch district (Hell. Oxy. 19.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.26825,
  "lon": 23.20466,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540787,
  "site": "Arkopodi, near Lefktra (Thespies, Boeotia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–LH settlement excavated by Goldman (1924–27)",
  "status_evidence": "Hell. Oxy. 19.3 (dependent community in a League district, like Thisbe); kome of Thespiai in Strabo 9.2.28",
  "note": "Strabo calls it a kome; the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia treats it like Thisbe, so it is counted as a dependent polis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hell. Oxy. 19.3",
   "Strabo 9.2.28",
   "Pleiades 540787"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g395",
  "latin": "Thisbe",
  "greek": "Θίσβη",
  "other_names": "Thisbae; Kakosi (medieval-modern)",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.502)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic/Classical polis (coins)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.26089,
  "lon": 22.96779,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541146,
  "site": "Thisvi (Kakosi), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Θίσβη / Thisvi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kakosi (Κακόσι) until renamed Thisvi (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; SC de Thisbensibus 170 BC; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Sherk, RDGE 2",
   "Pleiades 541146"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g396",
  "latin": "Chorsiai",
  "greek": "Χορσιαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (4th c. coins and inscriptions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (4th c. coins and inscriptions)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.25119,
  "lon": 22.88736,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540711,
  "site": "Kastro near Xironomi, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Occupied by the Phocians in the Third Sacred War.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Fossey, Khostia (Chorsiai)",
   "Pleiades 540711"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g397",
  "latin": "Erythrai (Boeotia)",
  "greek": "Ἐρυθραί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.499)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 9.15; former member of a sympolity merged into Thebes (Hell. Oxy. 19.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.23322,
  "lon": 23.38027,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540771,
  "site": "near Dafni (Kriekouki), Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (dependent); Hell. Oxy. 19.3",
  "note": "Polis status before Theban synoecism inferred from Hell. Oxy.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hell. Oxy. 19.3",
   "Fossey, Topography of Boeotia",
   "Pleiades 540771"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g398",
  "latin": "Plataia",
  "greek": "Πλαταιαί",
  "other_names": "Plataea",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.504)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -519,
  "city_from_text": "polis allied with Athens 519 (Hdt. 6.108)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.22108,
  "lon": 23.27354,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541063,
  "site": "Plataies (Kokla), Boeotia",
  "modern": "Πλαταιές / Plataies",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kokla (Κόκλα) until renamed Plataies (20th c.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH and Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; see (Chalcedon 451); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Destroyed 427 and 373, restored 386 and 338.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Boeotia)",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 541063"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g399",
  "latin": "Hysiai",
  "greek": "Ὑσιαί",
  "other_names": "Hysiae",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -506,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hdt. 5.74)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -506,
  "city_from_text": "community taken by the Boeotians c. 506 (Hdt. 5.74; 6.108)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.21722,
  "lon": 23.34442,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 540831,
  "site": "near Erythres (Kriekouki), Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis?",
  "note": "Paus. 9.2.1 saw only ruins.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 5.74",
   "Paus. 9.2.1",
   "Pleiades 540831"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g400",
  "latin": "Siphai",
  "greek": "Σῖφαι",
  "other_names": "Tiphai, Siphae",
  "territory": "Boeotia",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Boeotia",
  "greek_from": -424,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 4.76)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -424,
  "city_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 4.76)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.18992,
  "lon": 23.05282,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541102,
  "site": "Aliki (Alyki) near Xironomi, Boeotia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (port of Thespiai); Boeotian League; coins?",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Thuc. 4.76",
   "Pleiades 541102"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g401",
  "latin": "Eleutherai",
  "greek": "Ἐλευθεραί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Attica",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Hesiod, Theog. 54)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Boeotian polis that went over to Athens c. 506 (Paus. 1.38.8)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.17944,
  "lon": 23.37562,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 540756,
  "site": "Gyftokastro, near Oinoi, West Attica",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "polis in Pausanias; IACP?",
  "note": "After joining Athens a border community with fortress; not a deme.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 1.38.8",
   "Ober, Fortress Attica (1985)",
   "Pleiades 540756"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g402",
  "latin": "Aigosthena",
  "greek": "Αἰγόσθενα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Megaris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -378,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Xen. Hell. 5.4.18)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis with own decrees; Boeotian League member",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.14743,
  "lon": 23.22796,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570051,
  "site": "Porto Germeno, Vilia, West Attica",
  "modern": "Πόρτο Γερμενό / Porto Germeno",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic decrees; Boeotian League; Hierocles",
  "note": "Earlier a Megarian dependency with a large 4th-c. Fortress.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG VII 1-222 (Aigosthena)",
   "Smith, Aigosthena",
   "Pleiades 570051"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g403",
  "latin": "Styra",
  "greek": "Στύρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.539)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "polis at Artemision and Plataia (Hdt. 8.1; 9.28)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.14584,
  "lon": 24.26176,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 541117,
  "site": "Styra, Euboea",
  "modern": "Στύρα / Styra",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "name kept by the village",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Dryopian tradition; territory given to Eretria after the Lamian War (Strabo 10.1.6).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP",
   "Hdt. 8.1",
   "Pleiades 541117"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g404",
  "latin": "Pagai",
  "greek": "Παγαί",
  "other_names": "Pegae",
  "territory": "Megaris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -461,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attestation (Thuc. 1.103, Athenian occupation 461)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (decrees, Boeotian League); Roman imperial coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.08492,
  "lon": 23.19712,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570543,
  "site": "Alepochori, Megara, West Attica",
  "modern": "Αλεποχώρι / Alepochori",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic decrees; coins (Roman); Hierocles",
  "note": "Megarian port on the Corinthian Gulf.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.103",
   "IG VII 188-222",
   "Pleiades 570543"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g405",
  "latin": "Karystos",
  "greek": "Κάρυστος",
  "other_names": "Carystus; medieval Castel Rosso",
  "territory": "Euboea",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Euboea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.539); ka-ru-to in the Thebes Linear B tablets probably names it",
  "disputed": "Its name ka-ru-to is on Linear B tablets from Thebes, not from the site itself.",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -490,
  "city_from_text": "polis besieged by the Persians 490 (Hdt. 6.99)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ka-ru-to? (Thebes tablets)",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.0348,
  "lon": 24.43139,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570336,
  "site": "Karystos and Palaiochora, Euboea",
  "modern": "Κάρυστος / Karystos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "name kept (Frankish castle Castel Rosso); modern town laid out 1833 on the coast within the ancient city area",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Karystos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Bronze Age sites around the bay",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Euboean League; see (Notitiae under Athens); Venetian/Lombard castle town; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Ka-ru-to on the Thebes tablets is a mention from outside, not evidence for a date. Dryopian tradition (Thuc. 7.57).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Euboea)",
   "Aravantinos et al., Thèbes I",
   "Notitiae Episcopatuum",
   "Pleiades 570336"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g406",
  "latin": "Megara",
  "greek": "Μέγαρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Megaris",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -1050,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Dorian settlement in the time of Codrus (tradition, Strabo 9.1.7; Paus. 1.39.4)",
  "disputed": "c. 1050 is the traditional date of the Dorian settlement; the archaeology begins in the 8th century.",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "independent polis by mid-8th c.; founded Megara Hyblaia c. 728",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.98508,
  "lon": 23.34016,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570468,
  "site": "Megara, West Attica",
  "modern": "Μέγαρα / Megara",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Megara",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds on the acropoleis (Karia, Alkathoos)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Ephesus 431, Chalcedon 451)",
  "note": "Dorian date is traditional; earliest archaeology is Geometric.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Megaris)",
   "Legon, Megara (1981)",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 570468"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g407",
  "latin": "Athens",
  "greek": "Ἀθῆναι",
  "other_names": "Athenae; medieval Ἀθῆναι / Sethines (Latin)",
  "territory": "Attica",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -1300,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean citadel/palace on the Acropolis, LH IIIB (palace inferred; no Linear B)",
  "disputed": "The Mycenaean palace on the Acropolis is inferred from the citadel; no Linear B.",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "polis by c. 700 BC (annual archons from 683/2)",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.97165,
  "lon": 23.72395,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 579885,
  "site": "Acropolis and Agora, Athens",
  "modern": "Αθήνα / Athina",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Ἀθῆναι / Αθήνα throughout (Frankish Sethines/Satines)",
  "ru_capital": "Central Athens",
  "muni_seat": "Athens",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic, EH–MH and Mycenaean Acropolis; Submycenaean–Geometric Kerameikos",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Nicaea 325) and metropolis; Duchy of Athens to 1456/58",
  "note": "Palace inferred from Cyclopean wall, terraces and finds; no tablets. A-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja (Knossos) names the goddess, not the city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Attica)",
   "Hurwit, The Athenian Acropolis (1999)",
   "Council list",
   "Pleiades 579885"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g408",
  "latin": "Salamis",
  "greek": "Σαλαμίς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Attica",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Ajax, Il. 2.557)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "contested polis/island community (Megara vs Athens, Solon); Athenian cleruchy c. 510",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.94876,
  "lon": 23.53033,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 580100,
  "site": "Ambelakia bay, Salamina, Islands (Attica)",
  "modern": "Αμπελάκια / Ampelakia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "island town Salamina (Koulouri until renamed) lies ~3 km W",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Submycenaean cemetery near Salamina; Mycenaean Kanakia on S coast",
  "status_evidence": "Homeric town; cleruchy with own archon and decrees; Hellenistic koinon of Salaminians; Hierocles? (Hellas: Ταλαμένη = Salamis?)",
  "note": "Polis status weak: mostly an Athenian cleruchy after c. 510; kept for its own community and decrees.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG I³ 1",
   "Taylor, Salamis and the Salaminioi (1997)",
   "Pleiades 580100"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g409",
  "latin": "Aegium",
  "greek": "Αἴγιον",
  "other_names": "medieval Vostitsa (Βοστίτζα)",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.574)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Hdt. 1.145); meeting place of the Achaean League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.25271,
  "lon": 22.08195,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570049,
  "site": "Aigio (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "Αίγιο / Aigio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Vostitsa (Βοστίτζα) in medieval and Ottoman times; officially renamed after independence",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Aigialeia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age (EH–LH) settlement and Mycenaean tombs in the town",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city; Hierocles; see (bishop 553); medieval town Vostitsa (Frankish barony, imperial to 1460)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Paus. 7.23–24",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570049"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g410",
  "latin": "Patrae",
  "greek": "Πάτραι",
  "other_names": "Aroe (old name, Paus. 7.18.2); Colonia Augusta Aroe Patrensis; medieval Πάτρα(ι)",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions) (Patrees); synoecism of Aroe, Antheia and Mesatis (Paus. 7.18.2–6)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Patreus (myth)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.24327,
  "lon": 21.73852,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570567,
  "site": "Patras (Achaea)",
  "modern": "Πάτρα / Patra",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Achaea",
  "muni_seat": "Patras",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean cemeteries in the area (Voudeni, Kallithea)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman colony c. 14 BC; Hierocles; see (metropolis from c. 806; Latin archbishopric 1205); medieval kastropolis",
  "note": "Augustan colony (Colonia Augusta Aroe Patrensis) on the same site; medieval Patras imperial again from 1430 until the Ottoman conquest of 1458.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Paus. 7.18–21",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570567"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g411",
  "latin": "Helice",
  "greek": "Ἑλίκη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and temple at Nikolaiika (Helike Project); Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.575); founder Is of Helike for Sybaris (c. 720, Strabo 6.1.13)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -720,
  "city_from_text": "Leading Achaean polis and seat of the league sanctuary of Poseidon Helikonios; founded Sybaris (traditional c. 720)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.22203,
  "lon": 22.13181,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570281,
  "site": "Nikolaiika / Rizomylos plain near Aigio (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "a modern village named Eliki lies nearby; the city itself is not securely located",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Early Helladic town found by the Helike Project",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 1.145; league sanctuary",
  "note": "Destroyed and submerged by the earthquake and tsunami of 373 BC and never refounded; the Classical city is not yet precisely located.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Strabo 8.7.2",
   "Katsonopoulou & Soter, Helike Project",
   "Pleiades 570281"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g412",
  "latin": "Rhypes",
  "greek": "Ῥύπες",
  "other_names": "Rhypai",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -708,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Myskellos of Rhypes, founder of Kroton (traditional 708 BC; Strabo 6.1.12)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.21393,
  "lon": 22.01894,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570647,
  "site": "Trapeza / Koumaiika (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 1.145",
  "note": "Traditional date of Kroton used as first attestation of Rhypes. Deserted when Augustus moved its people to Patrai (Paus. 7.18.7); location at Trapeza is probable, not certain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Strabo 6.1.12, 8.7.5",
   "Paus. 7.18.7",
   "Pleiades 570647"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g413",
  "latin": "Ceryneia",
  "greek": "Κερύνεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -468,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean refugees from Argos joined the Keryneians c. 468 BC (Paus. 7.25.5–6)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -275,
  "city_from_text": "Achaean League member under the tyrant Iseas, who joined c. 275 BC (Polyb. 2.41.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.16384,
  "lon": 22.15123,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570354,
  "site": "Mamousia (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Achaean League; Polyb. 2.41; Strabo 8.7.5; Paus. 7.25.5",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Paus. 7.25.5–7",
   "Strabo 8.7.5",
   "Pleiades 570354"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g414",
  "latin": "Aegae (Achaea)",
  "greek": "Αἰγαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); later abandoned, its people moving to Aigeira (Paus. 7.25.12; Strabo 8.7.4)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.15488,
  "lon": 22.31464,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570040,
  "site": "Akrata (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "Ακράτα / Akrata",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Akrata is named after the Krathis river, not after Aigai",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 1.145; Strabo 8.7.4; IACP",
  "note": "Perhaps the Aigai of Poseidon in Il. 8.203 and 13.21, which would put it c. 700 BC; the site near Akrata is not securely located.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Strabo 8.7.4",
   "Paus. 7.25.12",
   "Pleiades 570040"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g415",
  "latin": "Olenus (Achaea)",
  "greek": "Ὤλενος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.15371,
  "lon": 21.6406,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570528,
  "site": "near Tsoukaleika / Alissos (West Achaea, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 1.145; Polyb. 2.41 (did not join the refounded League); IACP",
  "note": "Deserted by Strabo's day (8.7.4), its people moving to Dyme; site location uncertain. Not the medieval see of Olena (see Andravida).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Strabo 8.7.4",
   "Paus. 7.18.1",
   "Pleiades 570528"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g416",
  "latin": "Dyme",
  "greek": "Δύμη",
  "other_names": "Colonia Iulia Dyme (Roman colony)",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); synoecism of eight villages (Strabo 8.3.2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); founding member of the refounded Achaean League 280 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.14462,
  "lon": 21.55142,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570205,
  "site": "Kato Achaia (West Achaea, Achaea)",
  "modern": "Κάτω Αχαΐα / Kato Achaia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Dymi survives as a municipal-unit name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "West Achaea",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean fortress of Teichos Dymaion is a separate site nearby",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Pompey's pirate settlement 67 BC; Caesarian colony 44 BC",
  "note": "Roman colony on the same site; the colony was later subordinated to Patrai.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Strabo 8.7.5",
   "Paus. 7.17.5",
   "Pleiades 570205"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g417",
  "latin": "Bura",
  "greek": "Βοῦρα",
  "other_names": "Boura",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); destroyed by the earthquake of 373 BC and rebuilt; member of the refounded Achaean League 275 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.14274,
  "lon": 22.20542,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570166,
  "site": "Kastro, Ano Diakopto (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Achaean League (Polyb. 2.41); Roman city (Paus. 7.25.8)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Paus. 7.25.8–10",
   "Pleiades 570166"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g418",
  "latin": "Aegira",
  "greek": "Αἴγειρα",
  "other_names": "Hyperesia (Homeric, Paus. 7.26.2)",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.573, Hyperesia, said by Pausanias to be the old name of Aigeira)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Hdt. 1.145)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.12855,
  "lon": 22.3782,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570043,
  "site": "Aigeira, Palaiokastro hill (Aigialeia, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the modern coastal town of Aigeira (renamed) lies ~1.5 km below the acropolis",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LH IIIC settlement on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman imperial coins; Paus. 7.26; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Austrian excavations show an LH IIIC settlement, then a break before the Geometric/Archaic town; the date is therefore from the Catalogue, not continuity.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Paus. 7.26",
   "ÖAI Aigeira excavations",
   "Pleiades 570043"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g419",
  "latin": "Pharae (Achaea)",
  "greek": "Φαραί",
  "other_names": "Phara",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); refounded Achaean League 280 BC (Polyb. 2.41)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.09314,
  "lon": 21.7171,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570590,
  "site": "Prevedos / Pharai (Erymanthos, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Achaean League; coins; assigned to Patrai by Augustus (Paus. 7.22.1)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Paus. 7.22",
   "Pleiades 570590"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g420",
  "latin": "Pellene",
  "greek": "Πελλήνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.574)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Hdt. 1.145); claimed as mother city by Skione (Thuc. 4.120)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.04321,
  "lon": 22.54834,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570576,
  "site": "Zougra near Pellini (Xylokastro-Evrostini, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the modern village Pellini (renamed) lies nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city (Paus. 7.27)",
  "note": "The acropolis site at Zougra lies just inside the Corinthia regional unit; ancient territory Achaea.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Achaia)",
   "Paus. 7.26.12–27",
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Pleiades 570576"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g421",
  "latin": "Cynaetha / Kalavryta",
  "greek": "Κύναιθα",
  "other_names": "medieval Καλάβρυτα (Kalavryta)",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical Arcadian polis (IACP); dedication of the Kynaithaeans at Olympia (Paus. 5.22.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Arcadian polis; sacked by the Aetolians 220 BC (Polyb. 4.16–21)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.03339,
  "lon": 22.11039,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570392,
  "site": "Kalavryta (Achaea)",
  "modern": "Καλάβρυτα / Kalavryta",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Kalavryta on the site of ancient Kynaitha",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Kalavryta",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Arcadia); Polyb. 4.17–21; coins; medieval Kalavryta: Frankish barony 1209, imperial from the 1270s to 1460",
  "note": "Kynaitha's exact site relative to Kalavryta is approximate; medieval Kalavryta had no see before 1460.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Polyb. 4.17–21",
   "Chronicle of the Morea",
   "Pleiades 570392"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g422",
  "latin": "Leontium (Achaea)",
  "greek": "Λεόντιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -280,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "First attestation: member of the refounded Achaean League (Polyb. 2.41.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -280,
  "city_from_text": "Achaean League member city (Polyb. 2.41); excavated Hellenistic theatre",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.03044,
  "lon": 21.91311,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570422,
  "site": "Kastritsi near Kalanistra (Erymanthos, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Achaean League member; Polyb. 2.41, 5.94",
  "note": "Probably took Rhypes' place in the twelve; earlier Classical existence possible but not attested.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Pleiades 570422"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g423",
  "latin": "Sicyon",
  "greek": "Σικυών",
  "other_names": "Mekone, Aigialeia (myth); Demetrias (303 BC refoundation); Basilikon (medieval)",
  "territory": "Sicyonia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.572, realm of Adrastus/Agamemnon); Orthagorid tyranny from c. 656 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis under the Orthagorid tyrants (c. 656–556 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians under Phalkes son of Temenos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.98382,
  "lon": 22.71219,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570668,
  "site": "Vasiliko (Sikyona, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Βασιλικό / Vasiliko",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "continues medieval Basilikon; the municipality is named Sikyona",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city; Hierocles",
  "note": "Demetrios Poliorketes moved the city from the plain to the plateau above (303 BC, renamed Demetrias for a time); kept as one entry, since it is the same community a short distance away.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Sicyonia)",
   "Diod. 20.102",
   "Paus. 2.7",
   "Pleiades 570668"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g424",
  "latin": "Tritaea",
  "greek": "Τριταία",
  "other_names": "Tritaia, Tritia",
  "territory": "Achaea",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Hdt. 1.145 (one of the twelve Achaean divisions); founding member of the refounded Achaean League 280 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.9527,
  "lon": 21.71102,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570755,
  "site": "Agios Andreas near Kastritsi (Erymanthos, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Achaean League; coins; assigned to Patrai by Augustus (Paus. 7.22.6)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.145",
   "Polyb. 2.41",
   "Paus. 7.22.6–9",
   "Pleiades 570755"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g692",
  "latin": "Krommyon",
  "greek": "Κρομμυών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Corinthia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Corinthian community in Thucydides (4.42.4, 425 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "listed among the cities of Hellas by Hierocles (as an emporion)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.95001,
  "lon": 23.11666,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570386,
  "site": "near Agioi Theodoroi (Loutraki-Perachora-Agioi Theodoroi, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Άγιοι Θεόδωροι / Agioi Theodoroi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Usually described as a village of the Corinthia; Hierocles counts it among his cities, which meets the city test.",
  "decision": "Kept because Hierocles counts it among his cities; marked doubtful.",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.42.4",
   "Hierocles 646",
   "Pleiades 570386"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g425",
  "latin": "Glarentza",
  "greek": "Γλαρέντζα",
  "other_names": "Clarence, Chiarenza; Κλαρέντζα; site of ancient Kyllene",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": 1250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Port town founded in the mid-13th century by William II of Villehardouin (r. 1246–78)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1250,
  "city_from_text": "Chief port and mint of the Principality of Achaea (c. 300 hearths in 1391); imperial 1428–1460",
  "origin": "royal foundation",
  "founder": "the Frankish princes of Achaea (William II of Villehardouin)",
  "founder_group": "Latins",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Greek townspeople beside French, Italian (Venetian, Florentine) and other Latin residents",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.93324,
  "lon": 21.14387,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570390,
  "site": "Kyllini (Andravida-Kyllini, Elis)",
  "modern": "Κυλλήνη / Kyllini",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kyllini = ancient Kyllene, on whose site the Frankish Glarentza (Clarence) stood; the ruins adjoin the modern port village",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Probably the site of ancient Kyllene, the port of Elis (not a polis)",
  "status_evidence": "medieval town, principal port of Frankish Achaea; Despotate of the Morea 1428–1460",
  "note": "A Frankish foundation. Ancient Kyllene, a harbour village of Elis, is not counted as the start date. Not called a polis or see in the sources checked; included as the leading town of Frankish Elis.",
  "decision": "Kept as a mixed town (†) and marked doubtful.",
  "sources": [
   "Bon, La Morée franque (1969)",
   "Chronicle of the Morea",
   "Wikipedia: Glarentza",
   "Pleiades 570390"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g426",
  "latin": "Corinth",
  "greek": "Κόρινθος",
  "other_names": "Ephyra (poetic, Il. 6.152); Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthus (44 BC); medieval Κόρινθος with Acrocorinth",
  "territory": "Corinthia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -950,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric graves and settlement traces in the area of the later city, continuing into the Geometric town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "Geometric/Archaic polis under the Bacchiads; founded Corcyra and Syracuse c. 733 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians under Aletes (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.90564,
  "lon": 22.87861,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570182,
  "site": "Archaia Korinthos (Corinth, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Αρχαία Κόρινθος / Archaia Korinthos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "old Corinth was abandoned after the 1858 earthquake; new Korinthos (the regional-unit capital) lies ~5 km NE",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Early Helladic settlement; Mycenaean sites nearby (Korakou, Gonia)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman colony 44 BC and capital of Achaea; Hierocles; see (metropolis, bishops 431–1215); medieval kastropolis",
  "note": "Sacked by Mummius 146 BC and refounded as a Roman colony on the same site in 44 BC; refoundation does not change the date. A city of the empire until the Ottoman conquest of 1458.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Corinthia)",
   "Strabo 8.6.20–23",
   "Paus. 2.1–5",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570182"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g427",
  "latin": "Andravida",
  "greek": "Ἀνδραβίδα",
  "other_names": "Andreville",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": 1205,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval town whose Greek notables surrendered to William of Champlitte in 1205 (Chronicle of the Morea)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1210,
  "city_from_text": "Capital of the Principality of Achaea and seat of the Latin bishop of Olena (13th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Greek townspeople with a French-speaking court and Latin clergy",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.905,
  "lon": 21.27,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Andravida (Andravida-Kyllini, Elis)",
  "modern": "Ανδραβίδα / Andravida",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Frankish capital of Achaea",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Latin bishopric of Olena seated at Andravida); princely capital",
  "note": "Unwalled town; the medieval see of Olena (Ὠλένη) under Patras may also have been located here; the dates of the see's seat are uncertain.",
  "decision": "Kept as a mixed town (†) and marked doubtful.",
  "sources": [
   "Chronicle of the Morea",
   "Bon, La Morée franque (1969)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g428",
  "latin": "Pylos (Elis)",
  "greek": "Πύλος",
  "other_names": "Elean Pylos",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -365,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "First attestation: Elean exiles at Pylos captured by the Eleans, 365 BC (Xen. Hell. 7.4.16, 26)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -365,
  "city_from_text": "Classical community of Elis (Xen. Hell. 7.4); Strabo 8.3.7; Paus. 6.22.5–6 (ruined)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.89973,
  "lon": 21.51803,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570639,
  "site": "Armatova hill near Agrapidochori (Pineios, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 7.4.16, 26; Paus. 6.22.5; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "Pleiades notes Archaic to Roman remains on the Armatova hill, so the town is older than its first mention.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 7.4.16",
   "Strabo 8.3.7",
   "Paus. 6.22.5–6",
   "Pleiades 570639"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g429",
  "latin": "Elis",
  "greek": "Ἦλις",
  "other_names": "Ἆλις (Elean dialect)",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Submycenaean/Protogeometric graves in the area of the later agora, continuing into the Geometric period",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -471,
  "city_from_text": "Synoecism of the Eleans into the city of Elis, 471 BC (Diod. 11.54; Strabo 8.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Aetolians under Oxylos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.89127,
  "lon": 21.37436,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570220,
  "site": "Archaia Ilida (Ilida, Elis)",
  "modern": "Αρχαία Ήλιδα / Archaia Ilida",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; its earlier name is not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean chamber tombs and settlement traces",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins (Olympic mint); Roman city; Paus. 6.23–26; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "The Elean state (Eleioi) is attested as a polis-like ethnos before 471 (treaty with Heraia, c. 500); the urban centre dates from the synoecism.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Elis)",
   "Diod. 11.54",
   "Paus. 6.23–26",
   "Pleiades 570220"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g732",
  "latin": "Gastouni",
  "greek": "Γαστούνη",
  "other_names": "Gastogne (Frankish); Gastugni (Venetian); Gastun (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman kasaba and seat of the kaza of Gastouni (Gastun) by the 17th century; Venetian territorio di Gastugni 1687-1715",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kaza seat (Ottoman), then seat of a Venetian territorio (1687)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.8517,
  "lon": 21.2539,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Gastouni (Ilida, Elis)",
  "modern": "Γαστούνη / Gastouni",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "medieval village of the Frankish principality (Chronicle of Morea)",
  "status_evidence": "kaza seat with voevoda; Venetian territorio seat 1687-1715; kasaba with Muslim and Greek quarters; Leake calls it the chief town of Elis",
  "note": "A village before 1460, later an Ottoman kaza seat. The date of the first register is not established.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Panagiotopoulos, Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου (1985)",
   "Davies and Davis (eds), Between Venice and Istanbul (2007)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g430",
  "latin": "Phlius",
  "greek": "Φλειοῦς",
  "other_names": "Araithyrea (Homeric, per Paus. 2.12.5 and Strabo 8.6.24)",
  "territory": "Phliasia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.571, Araithyrea, said to be the old name of Phlius); Dorian settlement under Rhegnidas (tradition)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Polis contingent at Thermopylae and Plataea (Hdt. 7.202, 9.28); coins from c. 500",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians under Rhegnidas (tradition, Paus. 2.13.1)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.8446,
  "lon": 22.64658,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570602,
  "site": "Nemea (Phlius, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "Nemea (the renamed former Agios Georgios) is ~3 km E",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Prehistoric (Early to Late Helladic) occupation in the valley and on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman imperial coins",
  "note": "The Catalogue identification with Araithyrea is ancient but not certain; if rejected the date falls to c. 500 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.12–13",
   "Xen. Hell. 7.2",
   "Pleiades 570602"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g693",
  "latin": "Thraustos",
  "greek": "Θραῦστος",
  "other_names": "Thraistos",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -365,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Akroreian town not taken by the Arcadians, 365 BC (Xen. Hell. 7.4.14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -365,
  "city_from_text": "one of the poleis of the Akroreioi (Xen. Hell. 7.4.14); Akroreioi freed from Elis c. 400 (Xen. Hell. 3.2.30)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.84,
  "lon": 21.66,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Akroreia (upper Peneios valley, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 7.4.14 (Akroreian poleis); perioikic community of Elis",
  "note": "Chief town of the perioikic Akroreioi; site unknown, coordinates approximate, between Elis and Lasion; IACP status unconfirmed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30, 7.4.14",
   "IACP (Elis), to confirm"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g431",
  "latin": "Cleonae",
  "greek": "Κλεωναί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.570, euktimenas Kleonas)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Polis presiding over the Nemean games until Argos took them over in the 5th c.; ally of Argos (Thuc. 5.67)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.81972,
  "lon": 22.77624,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570361,
  "site": "Archaies Kleones (Nemea, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Αρχαίες Κλεωνές / Archaies Kleones",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; earlier name not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman imperial coins (Strabo 8.6.19 polis)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Strabo 8.6.19",
   "Paus. 2.15.1",
   "Pleiades 570361"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g432",
  "latin": "Tenea",
  "greek": "Τενέα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Corinthia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -733,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Tradition (Strabo 8.6.22) that most of Archias' colonists to Syracuse (733 BC) came from Tenea; Archaic cemetery (Tenea kouros, c. 550)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -146,
  "city_from_text": "Separated from Corinth and sided with Rome in 146 BC (Strabo 8.6.22); Roman-period town (recent excavations)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Trojan captives from Tenedos (myth, Paus. 2.5.4)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.80794,
  "lon": 22.86789,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570711,
  "site": "Chiliomodi (Tenea, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Χιλιομόδι / Chiliomodi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Tenea survives as a municipal-unit name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 8.6.22 (independent of Corinth after 146 BC); Paus. 2.5.4; excavated Roman town",
  "note": "A Corinthian kome in Classical times; city status rests on Strabo's account of its separation from Corinth after 146 BC and on the Roman town now being excavated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 8.6.22",
   "Paus. 2.5.4",
   "Korka, Tenea excavations",
   "Pleiades 570711"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g433",
  "latin": "Lasion",
  "greek": "Λασιών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Border polis disputed between Elis and Arcadia, freed by Sparta c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30, 7.4.12; Polyb. 4.72–74",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.79803,
  "lon": 21.74346,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570418,
  "site": "Kouti (Archaia Olympia/Foloi, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30, 7.4.12; Polyb. 4.72; IACP",
  "note": "Claimed both by Elis (Akroreia) and by Arcadia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30, 7.4.12",
   "Polyb. 4.72–74",
   "Pleiades 570418"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g434",
  "latin": "Palaiochora (Aegina)",
  "greek": "Αἴγινα (Παλαιοχώρα)",
  "other_names": "medieval Aegina",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Fortified medieval town founded inland in the 9th century after Arab raids (Pleiades; tradition)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "Capital of the island and seat of the bishop of Aegina from the middle medieval period",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.75085,
  "lon": 23.48926,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 884693053,
  "site": "Palaiochora (Aegina, Islands)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "medieval capital of Aegina, abandoned in the 19th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see of Aegina (episcopal church); medieval kastropolis of the island",
  "note": "Counted as a separate city, c. 6 km inland from ancient Aegina.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pleiades 884693053",
   "council lists (Aegina)",
   "TIB Hellas"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g435",
  "latin": "Aegina",
  "greek": "Αἴγινα",
  "other_names": "Oinone/Oinopia (myth)",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement at Kolona continuing into the polis; Dorian settlement from Epidauros (Hdt. 8.46; Paus. 2.29.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; silver coinage from c. 550; at Naukratis (Hdt. 2.178)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Dorians from Epidauros (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Epidauros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.75015,
  "lon": 23.42367,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 579853,
  "site": "Aegina town (Kolona) (Aegina, Islands)",
  "modern": "Αίγινα / Aegina",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Aegina",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Kolona: EH–LH fortified settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman city; see (787, 879–80); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Inhabitants expelled by Athens 431 BC (Athenian settlers until 405). The early date is archaeological and somewhat uncertain (Protogeometric finds are scarce); Il. 2.562 lists Aegina in the Catalogue. The medieval town moved inland to Palaiochora (separate entry).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Aigina)",
   "Hdt. 8.46",
   "Paus. 2.29",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 579853"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g436",
  "latin": "Amphidolia",
  "greek": "Ἀμφιδολία",
  "other_names": "Amphidoloi",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perioikic community freed from Elis by Sparta c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.75,
  "lon": 21.65,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Elean hill country (Pisatis/Akroreia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30; Strabo 8.3.11; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "The map point only marks the region north-east of Olympia, not a site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25–30",
   "Strabo 8.3.11"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g437",
  "latin": "Mycenae",
  "greek": "Μυκῆναι",
  "other_names": "Μυκήνη",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palace on the citadel (LH IIIA–B) with Linear B tablets (MY series, LH IIIB)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (temple on the summit); fought at Thermopylae and Plataea (Hdt. 7.202, 9.28); destroyed by Argos c. 468 BC",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.72754,
  "lon": 22.75383,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570491,
  "site": "Mykines (Argos-Mykines, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village Mykines (renamed, formerly Charvati) is ~2 km SW",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–MH settlement; Shaft Graves",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Serpent Column; Hellenistic komē of Argos with its own decrees",
  "note": "Destroyed by Argos c. 468 BC; resettled in the Hellenistic period as a dependent komē of Argos (decree of the Mykaneis), a ruin by Pausanias' day.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Diod. 11.65",
   "Paus. 2.16",
   "Pleiades 570491"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g438",
  "latin": "Orneae",
  "greek": "Ὀρνεαί",
  "other_names": "Ornai",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.571, Orneiai)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Perioikic polis of Argos (Hdt. 8.73); destroyed by Argos 416 BC (Thuc. 6.7)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.71785,
  "lon": 22.54728,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570537,
  "site": "Leontio / Gymno (Nemea, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 8.73; Thuc. 5.67, 6.7",
  "note": "Destroyed by Argos in 416 BC and its people moved to Argos (Paus. 8.27.1); not a city later.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Thuc. 6.7",
   "Paus. 2.25.6",
   "Pleiades 570537"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g439",
  "latin": "Margana",
  "greek": "Μάργανα",
  "other_names": "Marganeis",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perioikic community freed from Elis by Sparta c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30; taken by the Arcadians 365 BC (Xen. Hell. 7.4.14)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.7,
  "lon": 21.55,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Pisatis",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30, 7.4.14; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "The map point only marks the Pisatis, not a site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25–30, 7.4.14"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g731",
  "latin": "Pyrgos (Elis)",
  "greek": "Πύργος",
  "other_names": "Pirgo (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "market town of the plain of Elis in the 18th century; Pouqueville and Leake describe it as the chief commercial town of Elis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "kasaba and market town in the 18th century",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.6751,
  "lon": 21.441,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Pyrgos town centre (Pyrgos, Elis)",
  "modern": "Πύργος / Pyrgos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Elis",
  "muni_seat": "Pyrgos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "grew round the tower of the Tsernotas family (by tradition c. 1512)",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; market of the currant and grain trade; primates and merchants; rose in March 1821",
  "note": "Not on the site of Letrini (5 km away). The 18th-century date is cautious; the town may have been a kasaba already in the 17th.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage de la Grèce (1820)",
   "Panagiotopoulos, Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g440",
  "latin": "Letrini",
  "greek": "Λετρῖνοι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Perioikic town freed from Elis by Sparta c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Perioikic polis of Elis (Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30); a few houses in Pausanias' day (6.22.8)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.67287,
  "lon": 21.43129,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570427,
  "site": "Agios Ioannis near Pyrgos (Pyrgos, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25, 30; Paus. 6.22.8; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.25–30",
   "Paus. 6.22.8",
   "Pleiades 570427"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g441",
  "latin": "Pheia",
  "greek": "Φειά",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Iliad 7.135 (Pheias teichea, 'the walls of Pheia')",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "Coastal town of Elis taken by the Athenians in 431 BC (Thuc. 2.25.3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.66072,
  "lon": 21.31125,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570592,
  "site": "Agios Andreas, Katakolo (Pyrgos, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the submerged site lies ~2 km from Katakolo",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 2.25, 7.31; Strabo 8.3.12; polis status uncertain",
  "note": "Perhaps only a dependent harbour town of Elis; partly submerged. The medieval castle (Pontikokastro) on the headland was not a town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 2.25.3",
   "Strabo 8.3.12",
   "Il. 7.135",
   "Pleiades 570592"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g442",
  "latin": "Midea",
  "greek": "Μίδεια",
  "other_names": "Mideia",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -1300,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean citadel with palatial megaron (LH IIIB); Linear B tablet fragment and inscribed sealings",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Community absorbed by Argos together with Tiryns, Hysiai, Orneai and Mycenae (Paus. 8.27.1)",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.64981,
  "lon": 22.84144,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570485,
  "site": "Midea / Dendra (Argos-Mykines, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village of Midea (renamed) is nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Middle Helladic settlement; Dendra tholos and chamber tombs",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 8.27.1, 2.25.9 (ruins); Strabo 8.6.11; polis status in Archaic/Classical times not secure",
  "note": "Linear B makes it Mycenaean, but whether a historical polis stood on the same citadel is doubtful: Pausanias saw only foundations, and the post-Mycenaean evidence is slight.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 2.25.9, 8.27.1",
   "Demakopoulou, Midea excavations",
   "Pleiades 570485"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g443",
  "latin": "Pisa",
  "greek": "Πῖσα",
  "other_names": "Pisatai",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -668,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Pisatans hold the Olympic games with Pheidon of Argos, 668 BC (Paus. 6.22.2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -364,
  "city_from_text": "Pisatans organize the Olympics of 364 BC with the Arcadians and strike coins (Xen. Hell. 7.4.28)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.63954,
  "lon": 21.65304,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570612,
  "site": "near Miraka / Archaia Pisa (Archaia Olympia, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 6.22.2–4; Xen. Hell. 7.4.28; coins of the Pisatai 364/3 BC",
  "note": "Strabo (8.3.31) reports doubt whether a city Pisa ever existed; the Pisatai may have been a regional people rather than a town. Destroyed by Elis c. 572 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 8.3.31",
   "Paus. 6.22.2–4",
   "Xen. Hell. 7.4.28",
   "Pleiades 570612"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g444",
  "latin": "Phrixa",
  "greek": "Φρίξα",
  "other_names": "Phrixai",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Minyan foundation in Triphylia listed by Hdt. 4.148 (most sacked by Elis in Herodotus' lifetime)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30; Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Minyans (tradition, Hdt. 4.148)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.63501,
  "lon": 21.71145,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570609,
  "site": "Palaiofanaro (Archaia Olympia, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 4.148; Polyb. 4.77; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 4.148",
   "Polyb. 4.77",
   "Paus. 6.21.6",
   "Pleiades 570609"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g445",
  "latin": "Epidaurus",
  "greek": "Ἐπίδαυρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.561, ampelon Epidauron)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; mother city of Aegina (Hdt. 8.46); tyranny of Prokles (c. 600)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians from Argos under Deiphontes (tradition, Paus. 2.26.2)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.63346,
  "lon": 23.16016,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570228,
  "site": "Palaia Epidavros (Epidavros, Argolis)",
  "modern": "Παλαιά Επίδαυρος / Palaia Epidavros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village is built on the ancient city (not the Asklepieion); also called Archaia Epidavros",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean tombs near Palaia Epidavros",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "The town is on the coast at Palaia Epidavros; the Asklepieion 8 km inland was its sanctuary, not a separate city. Dorian settlement is traditional and cannot be dated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.26–29",
   "Hdt. 8.46",
   "Pleiades 570228"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g446",
  "latin": "Epitalium",
  "greek": "Ἐπιτάλιον",
  "other_names": "Thryon / Thryoessa (Homeric, Strabo 8.3.24)",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.592 Thryon; Il. 11.711 Thryoessa), identified by Strabo with Epitalion",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Perioikic polis surrendered by Elis to Sparta c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.29–30)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.63205,
  "lon": 21.47601,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570231,
  "site": "Agios Georgios hill, Epitalio (Pyrgos, Elis)",
  "modern": "Επιτάλιο / Epitalio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Agoulinitsa until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Xen. Hell. 3.2.29–30; Polyb. 4.80; IACP",
  "note": "The Homeric identification is Strabo's; if rejected the date falls to c. 400 BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.29–30",
   "Strabo 8.3.24",
   "Pleiades 570231"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g447",
  "latin": "Argos",
  "greek": "Ἄργος",
  "other_names": "medieval Ἄργος",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -1050,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Submycenaean and Protogeometric cemeteries and settlement continuing into the Geometric town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "Geometric polis; Archaic kingship of Pheidon (7th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians under Temenos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.63088,
  "lon": 22.72044,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570106,
  "site": "Argos (Argos-Mykines, Argolis)",
  "modern": "Άργος / Argos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Argos-Mykines",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "MH–LH settlement on the Aspis and Larisa; Mycenaean chamber tombs (Deiras); no palace found",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 451–1215); medieval town (imperial, Frankish, Venetian 1388–1463)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.18–24",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570106"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g448",
  "latin": "Scillus",
  "greek": "Σκιλλοῦς",
  "other_names": "Skillous",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -572,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Skillous joined Pisa against Elis and was destroyed c. 572 BC (Paus. 5.6.4, 6.22.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -572,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; later Spartan possession where Xenophon lived c. 390–371 BC (Anab. 5.3.7–13)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.60972,
  "lon": 21.60612,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570674,
  "site": "Makrisia (Skillountas, Elis)",
  "modern": "Μακρίσια / Makrisia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Skillountas survives as a municipal-unit name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 5.6.4; Xen. Anab. 5.3.7–13; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 5.6.4–6",
   "Xen. Anab. 5.3.7–13",
   "Strabo 8.3.13",
   "Pleiades 570674"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g449",
  "latin": "Macistus",
  "greek": "Μάκιστος",
  "other_names": "Makiston",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Minyan foundation in Triphylia listed by Hdt. 4.148 (most sacked by Elis in Herodotus' lifetime)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Perioikic polis surrendered by Elis c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.30)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Minyans (tradition, Hdt. 4.148)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.6044,
  "lon": 21.67552,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570453,
  "site": "near Mazi / Makistos (Zacharo, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village Makistos (renamed) lies nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 4.148; Xen. Hell. 3.2.30; Strabo 8.3.13; IACP",
  "note": "Some identify Makistos with Samikon (Strabo 8.3.13–19); the two are kept apart here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 4.148",
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30",
   "Strabo 8.3.13",
   "Pleiades 570453"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g450",
  "latin": "Tiryns",
  "greek": "Τίρυνς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palace (LH IIIA–B) with Linear B tablets (TI series, LH IIIB)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (7th–6th c. inscribed laws); fought at Plataea (Hdt. 9.28); taken by Argos c. 468 BC",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.59928,
  "lon": 22.79999,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570740,
  "site": "Tiryntha (Nafplio, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH settlement (the Rundbau)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Serpent Column; Archaic legal inscriptions",
  "note": "After the Argive conquest (c. 468 BC) Tirynthians settled at Halieis (Hdt. 7.137; Strabo 8.6.11); Tiryns was a ruin in Pausanias' day.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.25.8",
   "Strabo 8.6.11",
   "Pleiades 570740"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g451",
  "latin": "Methana",
  "greek": "Μέθανα",
  "other_names": "Arsinoe (Ptolemaic, 3rd c. BC); Methone (Thuc.)",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "First attestation: Athenian occupation and fortification of the peninsula, 425 BC (Thuc. 4.45)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis on the peninsula (IACP); Ptolemaic base renamed Arsinoe",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.59124,
  "lon": 23.37409,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570482,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Megalochori (Methana, Islands)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the modern spa town of Methana (formerly Vromolimni) lies elsewhere on the peninsula",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean shrine at Agios Konstantinos and other LH sites on the peninsula",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman imperial coins; Paus. 2.34.1; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Survey (Mee and Forbes) found Archaic occupation at the polis site, so the date may be too late; kept at the first literary mention. Renamed Arsinoe under the Ptolemies; renaming does not change the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Thuc. 4.45",
   "Mee & Forbes 1997",
   "Pleiades 570482"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g452",
  "latin": "Stylangium",
  "greek": "Στυλάγγιον",
  "other_names": "Styllangion",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -219,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.58098,
  "lon": 21.67135,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570695,
  "site": "near Skillountas (Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.77.9, 4.80.13",
  "note": "Known only from Polybius; identification of the site is conjectural.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.77.9, 4.80.13",
   "Pleiades 570695"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g453",
  "latin": "Nauplia",
  "greek": "Ναυπλία",
  "other_names": "Nauplion (medieval Ναύπλιον, Anaplion; Napoli di Romania)",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric graves at Pronoia and on the Akronauplia slope",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis, member of the Kalaureian amphictyony (Strabo 8.6.14); taken by Argos c. 7th c. (Paus. 4.24.4, 4.35.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.56812,
  "lon": 22.80871,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570501,
  "site": "Nafplio (Argolis)",
  "modern": "Ναύπλιο / Nafplio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Nauplion / Anapli in Greek throughout; Napoli di Romania (Venetian)",
  "ru_capital": "Argolis",
  "muni_seat": "Nafplio",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean chamber tombs (Evangelistria, Pronoia); no palace",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Kalaureian amphictyony; see (Argos and Nauplion, 879–80); medieval kastropolis (imperial, Frankish, Venetian 1388–1540)",
  "note": "Ancient Nauplia was the Argive port and deserted by Pausanias' day; the medieval town on the same promontory was a fortified city and see.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Strabo 8.6.2, 8.6.14",
   "Paus. 2.38.2",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570501"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g454",
  "latin": "Epeium",
  "greek": "Ἔπειον",
  "other_names": "Epion (Hdt.), Aipion (Polyb.)",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Minyan foundation in Triphylia listed by Hdt. 4.148 (most sacked by Elis in Herodotus' lifetime)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Bought by Elis and surrendered c. 400 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.2.30); Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC (as Aipion)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Minyans (tradition, Hdt. 4.148)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.56585,
  "lon": 21.78467,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570226,
  "site": "near Kallithea (Andritsaina-Krestena, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 4.148; Xen. Hell. 3.2.30; Polyb. 4.77.9; IACP",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 4.148",
   "Xen. Hell. 3.2.30",
   "Polyb. 4.77",
   "Pleiades 570226"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g455",
  "latin": "Bolax",
  "greek": "Βῶλαξ",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -219,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.55,
  "lon": 21.68,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, Triphylia",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.77.9, 4.80.13",
  "note": "Known only from Polybius; the map point only marks Triphylia, not a site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.77.9, 4.80.13"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g456",
  "latin": "Typaneae",
  "greek": "Τυπανέαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical walled town of the Triphylian League (4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.5405,
  "lon": 21.7504,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570758,
  "site": "Platiana (Andritsaina-Krestena, Elis)",
  "modern": "Πλατιάνα / Platiana",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.77–79; Strabo 8.3.24; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "The date rests on the Classical fortifications and the 4th-c. Triphylian League; the first text is Polybius (219 BC).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.77–79",
   "Strabo 8.3.24",
   "Pleiades 570758"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g457",
  "latin": "Hypana",
  "greek": "Ὕπανα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Triphylian polis of the 4th century (Triphylian League)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.5388,
  "lon": 21.75542,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570301,
  "site": "near Platiana / Grillos (Andritsaina-Krestena, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.77–79; Strabo 8.3.24; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.77–79",
   "Strabo 8.3.24",
   "Pleiades 570301"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g458",
  "latin": "Asine (Argolis)",
  "greek": "Ἀσίνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -1050,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Settlement continuous from LH IIIC through Submycenaean and Protogeometric into the Geometric town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "Geometric town; Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.560); destroyed by Argos c. 710 BC (Paus. 2.36.4–5)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dryopes (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.53589,
  "lon": 22.86892,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570124,
  "site": "Kastraki near Tolo/Asini (Nafplio, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village Asini (renamed) is inland",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH–LH settlement on the Kastraki acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "Homeric Catalogue; destroyed c. 710 BC; Hellenistic Argive fort",
  "note": "Destroyed by Argos c. 710 BC; the Asinaeans moved to Messenian Asine. Polis status rests on the pre-710 town; Hellenistic occupation was an Argive fortress.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 2.36.4–5, 4.34.9",
   "Hdt. 8.73",
   "Swedish Asine excavations",
   "Pleiades 570124"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g459",
  "latin": "Samicum",
  "greek": "Σαμικόν",
  "other_names": "Samia; perhaps Homeric Arene (Strabo 8.3.19)",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical fortification walls on the Kleidi hill",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.52589,
  "lon": 21.59622,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570653,
  "site": "Kleidi hill near Kaiafas (Zacharo, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Prehistoric settlement and Mycenaean tumuli at Kleidi",
  "status_evidence": "Polyb. 4.77.9; Strabo 8.3.13–19",
  "note": "Strabo describes Samikon as a fortress; Polybius counts it among the Triphylian poleis. Possibly the fortress of Makistos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 4.77–80",
   "Strabo 8.3.13–19",
   "Pleiades 570653"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g460",
  "latin": "Calauria",
  "greek": "Καλαύρεια",
  "other_names": "Kalaureia; modern Poros",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric cult at the sanctuary of Poseidon, seat of the Kalaureian amphictyony (Strabo 8.6.14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Kalaureatai with its own decrees (IG IV); Demosthenes died there 322 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.5207,
  "lon": 23.464,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570325,
  "site": "Sanctuary of Poseidon, Poros island (Poros, Islands)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "Poros town lies ~4 km SW",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds at the sanctuary site",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic decrees of Kalaureia (IG IV); Strabo 8.6.14; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "The town lay around the sanctuary on the central plateau; later absorbed by Troezen. Pleiades id is for the island (570325); the sanctuary is 705163201. Medieval Poros was not a city before 1460; the town of Poros is listed in period 7.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 8.6.14",
   "Paus. 2.33.2–3",
   "Swedish Institute Kalaureia excavations",
   "Pleiades 705163201",
   "Pleiades 570325"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g461",
  "latin": "Hysiae (Argolis)",
  "greek": "Ὑσιαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -669,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Battle of Hysiai between Argos and Sparta, 669/8 BC (Paus. 2.24.7)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -669,
  "city_from_text": "Argive frontier town; destroyed by Sparta 417 BC (Thuc. 5.83); its people moved to Argos (Paus. 8.27.1)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.52,
  "lon": 22.58624,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570306,
  "site": "Achladokampos (Argos-Mykines, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 5.83 (a 'chorion' of the Argolid); Paus. 8.27.1 among towns synoecized into Argos; IACP status unconfirmed",
  "note": "Perhaps only a dependent community of Argos; included because Pausanias groups it with Tiryns, Mycenae and Orneai as towns absorbed by Argos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 5.83",
   "Paus. 2.24.7, 8.27.1",
   "Pleiades 570306"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g462",
  "latin": "Troezen",
  "greek": "Τροιζήν",
  "other_names": "medieval Damala (Δαμαλᾶ)",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.561)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; co-founder of Sybaris and Halikarnassos (Arist. Pol. 1303a; Hdt. 7.99)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.50311,
  "lon": 23.34849,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570756,
  "site": "Trizina (Troizinia-Methana, Islands)",
  "modern": "Τροιζήνα / Trizina",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Damala in medieval and Ottoman times",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman imperial coins; see (Troezen 787); medieval Damala, see (Latin and Orthodox); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Medieval Damala on the same site (the village was renamed Trizina in modern times); the medieval see of Damala continues that of Troezen.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.30–32",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570756"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g734",
  "latin": "Poros",
  "greek": "Πόρος",
  "other_names": "Poro (Venetian); Sphairia (the islet)",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "seafaring town on Sphairia by the 18th century, with ships and traders; its ships joined the fleet in 1821",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "town of seamen and traders by the 18th century",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Arvanite majority; Greek in church, school and records, many bilingual",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.4995,
  "lon": 23.4545,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Poros town on the Sphairia peninsula (Poros, Islands)",
  "modern": "Πόρος / Poros",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Poros",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "medieval village",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing island community with primates; ships; monastery of Zoodochos Pigi nearby",
  "note": "Smaller than Hydra and Spetses before 1821; its main growth came with the naval base of 1827–30. Distinct from Kalaureia (4 km away).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Πόρος",
   "Kremmydas, Ελληνική ναυτιλία 1776-1835 (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g736",
  "latin": "Andritsaina",
  "greek": "Ἀνδρίτσαινα",
  "other_names": "Andrizzena (Venetian); Andritzena",
  "territory": "Elis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "market town of the district of Fanari in the 18th century; Leake describes it as a town and residence of the district's voevoda",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "kasaba and chief place of the kaza of Fanari",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.485,
  "lon": 21.903,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Andritsaina (Andritsaina-Krestena, Elis)",
  "modern": "Ανδρίτσαινα / Andritsaina",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of the Venetian and Ottoman registers",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; probably seat of the voevoda of Fanari; merchants and a school before 1821",
  "note": "Territory set as Elis to match its regional unit; historically on the Arcadian-Triphylian border (Phigaleia/Alipheira area).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage de la Grèce (1820)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Ανδρίτσαινα"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g694",
  "latin": "Belbina",
  "greek": "Βέλβινα",
  "other_names": "Agios Georgios (modern island)",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Attica",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "the man of Belbina in the Themistokles anecdote (Hdt. 8.125)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Belbinitai pay tribute to Athens (ATL); in the 425/4 assessment",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.46,
  "lon": 23.93,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Agios Georgios island, off Sounion (Attica)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "uninhabited islet (Agios Georgios)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "ATL; IG I³ 71; Hdt. 8.125; Strabo 8.6.16",
  "note": "Not to be confused with Belemina (also called Belbina) in Laconia.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 8.125",
   "IG I³ 71 (ML 69)",
   "Strabo 8.6.16"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g463",
  "latin": "Lepreum",
  "greek": "Λέπρεον",
  "other_names": "Lepreon",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -479,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Lepreatai fought at Plataea and are on the Serpent Column (Hdt. 9.28), 479 BC; Minyan foundation in Hdt. 4.148",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "Polis (Hdt. 9.28; Thuc. 5.31); chief city of Triphylia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Minyans (tradition, Hdt. 4.148)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.44003,
  "lon": 21.72513,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570423,
  "site": "Lepreo (Zacharo, Elis)",
  "modern": "Λέπρεο / Lepreo",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Strovitsi until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Serpent Column; Thuc. 5.31; Triphylian League; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Elis)",
   "Hdt. 4.148, 9.28",
   "Thuc. 5.31",
   "Pleiades 570423"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g464",
  "latin": "Pyrgos (Triphylia)",
  "greek": "Πύργος",
  "other_names": "Pyrgoi",
  "territory": "Triphylia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Minyan foundation in Triphylia listed by Hdt. 4.148 (most sacked by Elis in Herodotus' lifetime)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "Polyb. 4.77.9 lists it among the cities (poleis) of Triphylia, taken by Philip V in 219 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Minyans (tradition, Hdt. 4.148)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "nwg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.41186,
  "lon": 21.69176,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570641,
  "site": "Agios Ilias near the Neda mouth (Zacharo, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hdt. 4.148; Polyb. 4.77.9; IACP",
  "note": "Not modern Pyrgos (the Elis capital), which is a post-medieval town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 4.148",
   "Polyb. 4.77",
   "Pleiades 570641"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g465",
  "latin": "Hermione",
  "greek": "Ἑρμιόνη",
  "other_names": "Ἑρμιών; medieval Kastri",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.560)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (sold Hydrea to the Samians c. 525, Hdt. 3.59); fought at Salamis and Plataea",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dryopes (tradition, Hdt. 8.43)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.38522,
  "lon": 23.24359,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570292,
  "site": "Ermioni (Ermionida, Argolis)",
  "modern": "Ερμιόνη / Ermioni",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kastri in medieval and Ottoman times",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman imperial coins; Late Roman basilica; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "The Classical town lay on the Bisti peninsula; Pausanias describes a later town shifted somewhat inland, still within modern Ermioni.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Paus. 2.34–35",
   "Hdt. 8.43",
   "Pleiades 570292"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g733",
  "latin": "Kranidi",
  "greek": "Κρανίδι",
  "other_names": "Kranidhi",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "chief place of the Didyma-Kranidi district and a town of shipowners and farmers in the 18th century",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "town with ships by the 18th century; seat of the revolutionary government 1823-24",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Arvanite majority; Greek in church, school and records, many bilingual",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.379,
  "lon": 23.156,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Kranidi (Ermionida, Argolis)",
  "modern": "Κρανίδι / Kranidi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Ermionida",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Arvanite village settled in the 15th-16th centuries",
  "status_evidence": "large community of shipowners and traders; ships in the fleet of 1821; government seat 1823-24",
  "note": "A large Arvanite community rather than an Ottoman kasaba; included as a seafaring town comparable to Hydra and Spetses.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea II (1830)",
   "Panagiotopoulos, Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου (1985)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Κρανίδιον"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g727",
  "latin": "Hydra",
  "greek": "Ὕδρα",
  "other_names": "Idra; Çamlıca (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": 1650,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "seafaring community by the mid-17th century: school 1645, first Hydriot ship 1657 (local tradition); Greek families settle beside Arvanites from the late 16th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1650,
  "city_from_text": "town of shipowners from the 17th century; c. 100 ships by 1781 and trade to the western Mediterranean from 1785",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Arvanite majority; Greek-speaking families from the late 16th c.; Greek in church, school and records, many bilingual",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.3497,
  "lon": 23.4664,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Hydra town and harbour (Hydra, Islands)",
  "modern": "Ύδρα / Hydra",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Hydra",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Arvanite settlement from Ermionida in the early 16th century; refugees of the Venetian-Ottoman wars",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing island community with primates; large merchant fleet; schools; c. 16,000 inhabitants by 1821 (often quoted)",
  "note": "The 1645 and 1657 dates come from Hydriot tradition; the town's rise is securely 18th-century.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Hydra (island)",
   "Kriezis, Ιστορία της νήσου Ύδρας (1860)",
   "Kremmydas, Ελληνική ναυτιλία 1776-1835 (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g466",
  "latin": "Halieis",
  "greek": "Ἁλιεῖς",
  "other_names": "Halike",
  "territory": "Argolis",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Argolis",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic acropolis and settlement (7th c.) found by the Indiana/Pennsylvania excavations",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -460,
  "city_from_text": "Polis (re)settled by Tirynthians after the Argive conquest of Tiryns (Hdt. 7.137; Strabo 8.6.11)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Tirynthian refugees (c. 460s)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.31509,
  "lon": 23.15263,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570274,
  "site": "Porto Cheli (Ermionida, Argolis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hdt. 7.137; Thuc. 1.105, 2.56",
  "note": "Abandoned c. 300 BC; the lower town is partly submerged. Whether the Archaic settlement was already a polis before the Tirynthians came is unclear.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Argolis)",
   "Hdt. 7.137",
   "Jameson, Halieis excavations",
   "Pleiades 570274"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g728",
  "latin": "Spetses",
  "greek": "Σπέτσαι",
  "other_names": "Spezia (Venetian); Pityoussa (ancient name of the island)",
  "territory": "Saronic islands",
  "region9": "Central Greece",
  "regional_unit": "Islands (Attica)",
  "greek_from": 1774,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "island resettled in 1774 by settlers from the opposite Peloponnesian coast after the village was destroyed in 1770; town and fleet grow under the Russian flag",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "documented foundation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1774,
  "city_from_text": "resettlement of 1774; a shipowning town by the 1790s",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Arvanite and Greek-speaking settlers from the Argolid coast; Greek in church, school and records, many bilingual",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.26,
  "lon": 23.159,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Spetses town: Kastelli (old town) and Dapia harbour (Spetses, Islands)",
  "modern": "Σπέτσες / Spetses",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Spetses",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "fortified Arvanite village at Kastelli (16th-17th c.), destroyed by the Ottomans in 1770 after the Orlov revolt",
  "status_evidence": "self-governing island community; large merchant fleet; first island to rise, 3 April 1821",
  "note": "If the pre-1770 village is counted as a town, the date would move to the 17th century; I count the town from the 1774 resettlement.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Spetses",
   "Orlandos, Ναυτικά (1869)",
   "Kremmydas, Ελληνική ναυτιλία 1776-1835 (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g467",
  "latin": "Nonakris",
  "greek": "Νώνακρις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -490,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Herodotus calls Nonakris a polis of Arcadia (6.74, Kleomenes c. 490 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -490,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Herodotus",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 38.01442,
  "lon": 22.2412,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570510,
  "site": "near Peristera/Mesorrougi (Kalavryta, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt. 6.74",
  "note": "Ruined by Pausanias' time (8.17.6).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Hdt. 6.74",
   "Pleiades 570510"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g468",
  "latin": "Lousoi",
  "greek": "Λουσοί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric votives at the sanctuary of Artemis Hemera",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "polis by the Classical period (IACP); Hellenistic town excavated",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.97183,
  "lon": 22.11202,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570438,
  "site": "Kato Lousoi (Kalavryta, Achaea)",
  "modern": "Κάτω Λουσοί / Kato Lousoi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "formerly (Kato) Soudena",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hellenistic decrees and town",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.18.7",
   "Austrian excavations (Mitsopoulou-Leon)",
   "Pleiades 570438"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g469",
  "latin": "Pheneos",
  "greek": "Φενεός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.605)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic/Classical polis; coins 4th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.91048,
  "lon": 22.3071,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570595,
  "site": "Archaia Feneos (Feneos, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "Αρχαία Φενεός / Archaia Feneos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the Feneos basin was called Fonia under the Ottomans",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH and Mycenaean settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.14-15",
   "Pleiades 570595"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g470",
  "latin": "Kleitor",
  "greek": "Κλείτωρ",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic: Kleitorian dedication at Olympia for captured towns (Paus. 5.23.7)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis heading the Azanian district",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.89081,
  "lon": 22.09723,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570359,
  "site": "Paleopoli near Kleitoria (Kalavryta, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village Kleitoria (renamed) is ~2 km away",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city",
  "note": "Date of the Olympia dedication uncertain (Archaic or early Classical).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.21",
   "Petritaki, Kleitor excavations",
   "Pleiades 570359"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g471",
  "latin": "Psophis",
  "greek": "Ψωφῖς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic/Classical polis (Paus. 8.24); coins 5th-4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; taken by Philip V 219 BC (Polyb. 4.70-72)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.87409,
  "lon": 21.89326,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570638,
  "site": "Tripotama (Kalavryta, Achaea)",
  "modern": "Τριπόταμα / Tripotama",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Polyb. 4.70-72",
   "Paus. 8.24",
   "Pleiades 570638"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g472",
  "latin": "Stymphalos",
  "greek": "Στύμφαλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.608)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; new grid-plan town 4th c. BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.85935,
  "lon": 22.4595,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570696,
  "site": "Stymfalia (Stymfalia, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Mycenaean finds in the basin",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "Pausanias (8.22.1) distinguishes the old town from the later Classical town; treated as one city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Williams, Stymphalos excavations",
   "Paus. 8.22",
   "Pleiades 570696"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g473",
  "latin": "Paos",
  "greek": "Πάος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Achaea",
  "greek_from": -575,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Laphanes of Paion among Agariste's suitors (Hdt. 6.127)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -575,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (IACP)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.84091,
  "lon": 21.98489,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570558,
  "site": "Paleokastro near Skotini/Paos (Kalavryta, Achaea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "Ruined by Pausanias' time (8.23.9).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Hdt. 6.127",
   "Pleiades 570558"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g474",
  "latin": "Alea",
  "greek": "Ἀλέα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Corinthia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; Hellenistic-Roman town (Paus. 8.23.1)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.79467,
  "lon": 22.45078,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570062,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Alea (Stymfalia, Corinthia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village of Alea (renamed) lies nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hellenistic walls; Roman coins?",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.23.1",
   "Pleiades 570062"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g475",
  "latin": "Thaliades",
  "greek": "Θαλιάδαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of the Thaliadai near the sanctuary of Demeter Eleusinia (Paus. 8.25.2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.78236,
  "lon": 21.94745,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570716,
  "site": "Vanaina/Tropaia area (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.25.2",
   "Pleiades 570716"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g476",
  "latin": "Kaphyai",
  "greek": "Καφυαί",
  "other_names": "Caphyae",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis (coins 4th c.); Kephean founder tradition",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; battle of Kaphyai 220 BC (Polyb. 4.11-12)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.7644,
  "lon": 22.2579,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570329,
  "site": "Chotoussa (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.23",
   "Polyb. 4.11-12",
   "Pleiades 570329"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g477",
  "latin": "Orchomenos (Arcadia)",
  "greek": "Ἐρχομενός / Ὀρχομενός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.605); Geometric/Archaic finds on the acropolis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis with kings (Aristokrates) and temple of Artemis Mesopolitis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.72472,
  "lon": 22.31536,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570535,
  "site": "Kalpaki / Orchomenos (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Ορχομενός / Orchomenos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kalpaki until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds on the hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins (Erchomenos); Arcadian and Achaean Leagues",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.13",
   "Pleiades 570535"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g478",
  "latin": "Thelpousa",
  "greek": "Θέλπουσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis; coins 4th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; Achaean League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.71049,
  "lon": 21.87884,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570722,
  "site": "Vanaina near Tropaia (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.25",
   "Pleiades 570722"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g479",
  "latin": "Torthyneion",
  "greek": "Τορθύνειον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.70667,
  "lon": 22.15481,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570742,
  "site": "near Kalpaki / Levidi (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Pleiades 570742"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g695",
  "latin": "Euaimon",
  "greek": "Εὐαίμων",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -360,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "sympoliteia with Orchomenos, c. 360-350 BC (IG V.2 343)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -360,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Orchomenian territory (Theopompus in Steph. Byz.); IACP Arkadia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.7,
  "lon": 22.33,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated, territory of Orchomenos (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (p. 511); IG V.2 343; Theopompus (Steph. Byz. s.v.)",
  "note": "Unlocated; the map point is set just south of Orchomenos. Its citizens became Orchomenians by the sympoliteia, but the town probably lived on.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arkadia) p. 511",
   "IG V.2 343",
   "Steph. Byz. s.v. Εὐαίμων",
   "Barrington Atlas 58"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g480",
  "latin": "Methydrion",
  "greek": "Μεθύδριον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -418,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Agis camped at Methydrion 418 BC (Thuc. 5.58)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis, later independent (Paus. 8.36.1)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.6359,
  "lon": 22.1751,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570484,
  "site": "Methydrio (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Μεθύδριο / Methydrio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; earlier name not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Olympic victor Hellenistic",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Thuc. 5.58",
   "Paus. 8.36",
   "Pleiades 570484"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g481",
  "latin": "Theisoa (Karkalou)",
  "greek": "Θείσοα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis attested in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (Orchomenian Theisoa)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.62913,
  "lon": 22.09398,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570721,
  "site": "near Karkalou (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic coins and decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.27.7",
   "Pleiades 570721"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g482",
  "latin": "Mantinea",
  "greek": "Μαντίνεια",
  "other_names": "Antigoneia (222 BC-Hadrian); old site Ptolis (Gourtsouli)",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.607)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Demonax to Cyrene, Hdt. 4.161); walled town in plain c. 470-460 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.61738,
  "lon": 22.39258,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570459,
  "site": "Mantineia, Milea (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric and Mycenaean finds on Ptolis (Gourtsouli) hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Hadrian restored name; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Synoecism of five villages c. 470-460 BC into a new walled town on the plain; dioikism 385, refounded 370; same territory.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Xen. Hell. 5.2.7",
   "Paus. 8.8-12",
   "Pleiades 570459"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g483",
  "latin": "Heraia",
  "greek": "Ἡραία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -525,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "treaty of the Eleans and the Heraians, Olympia bronze (c. 550-500 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -525,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; synoecism of nine demes (Strabo 8.3.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.61346,
  "lon": 21.86378,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570287,
  "site": "Agios Ioannis near Loutra Iraias (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Roman city",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Strabo 8.3.2",
   "Paus. 8.26",
   "Pleiades 570287"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g484",
  "latin": "Helisson",
  "greek": "Ἑλισσών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "sympoliteia treaty of Helisson with Mantinea (5th c. BC inscription)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the treaty; joined Megalopolis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.61288,
  "lon": 22.21775,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570282,
  "site": "near Piana/Alonistaina (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; treaty with Mantinea",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Te Riele, Mnemosyne 1967 (Helisson treaty)",
   "Pleiades 570282"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g485",
  "latin": "Teuthis",
  "greek": "Τεῦθις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); Teuthis as Catalogue leader (Paus. 8.28.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; town in Pausanias' day",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.59744,
  "lon": 22.04128,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570713,
  "site": "Dimitsana (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Δημητσάνα / Dimitsana",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Gortynia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis",
  "note": "Location at Dimitsana is generally accepted.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.28.4-6",
   "Pleiades 570713"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g735",
  "latin": "Stemnitsa",
  "greek": "Στεμνίτσα",
  "other_names": "Ypsous (Υψούς, official 20th-c. name)",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "mountain community of metalworkers (goldsmiths, coppersmiths, bell-founders) organised in guilds, a market town of Gortynia in the 18th century",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "guild town of the 18th century; seat of the Peloponnesian Senate in 1821",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.553,
  "lon": 22.12,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Stemnitsa (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Στεμνίτσα / Stemnitsa",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Ypsous for part of the 20th century, then Stemnitsa again",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village of the kaza of Karytaina in the Ottoman and Venetian registers",
  "status_evidence": "craft guilds (silver- and coppersmiths, bell-founders); trade; churches; first meeting place of the Peloponnesian Senate 1821",
  "note": "Comparable to its neighbour Dimitsana (listed as Teuthis); no see or kaza, so it rests on the craft-town criterion.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea II (1830)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Στεμνίτσα",
   "Panagiotopoulos, Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g486",
  "latin": "Mainalos",
  "greek": "Μαίναλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "polis of the Mainalians (5th c.; Thuc. 5.64.3, 418 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; ruined in Pausanias' day (8.36.8)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.54949,
  "lon": 22.26589,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570451,
  "site": "near Davia/Piana (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.36.8",
   "Pleiades 570451"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g487",
  "latin": "Dipaia",
  "greek": "Δίπαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -470,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "battle of Dipaia c. 470 BC (Hdt. 9.35)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -470,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis of the Mainalians",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.54116,
  "lon": 22.25491,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570199,
  "site": "near Davia/Piana (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Hdt. 9.35",
   "Paus. 8.30.1",
   "Pleiades 570199"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g488",
  "latin": "Gortys (Arcadia)",
  "greek": "Γόρτυς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis with Asklepieion (4th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; town of Kynourian Arcadians",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.53668,
  "lon": 22.03544,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570267,
  "site": "Atsicholos near Elliniko (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis (Paus. 8.27.4)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.28",
   "Pleiades 570267"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g489",
  "latin": "Alipheira",
  "greek": "Ἀλίφειρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Elis",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic temple of Athena on the acropolis (Orlandos excavation)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; taken by Philip V 219 BC (Polyb. 4.78)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.52965,
  "lon": 21.86551,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570065,
  "site": "near Ano Alifeira (Andritsaina-Krestena, Elis)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Polyb. 4.77-78",
   "Orlandos, Alipheira",
   "Pleiades 570065"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g490",
  "latin": "Mouchli",
  "greek": "Μουχλί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval town and castle; seat of the bishop of Amyklai/Nikli moved here after Nikli's decline (early 14th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "medieval town and episcopal seat",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.52,
  "lon": 22.5,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Mouchli hill at the edge of the Partheni basin (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "kastron-town; episcopal seat (14th-15th c.)",
  "note": "The see of Amyklai moved here from Nikli (Tegea) in the early 14th c.; taken by the Ottomans 1458-60; coordinates approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Bon, La Morée franque",
   "Wikipedia, Mouchli"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g726",
  "latin": "Tripolitsa",
  "greek": "Τριπολιτσά",
  "other_names": "Drobolitsa / Droboglitza (Δρομπολιτσά); Tripoliçe, Tarabluca (Ottoman); Tripolizza (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1540,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman registers: after 1540 the settlement of Tarabluca below the fortress grows into the centre of the Tegean plain, succeeding Mouchli",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1540,
  "city_from_text": "Ottoman town and kaza seat from the mid-16th century; seat of the pasha of the Morea from 1786",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "large Muslim (Turkish-, Albanian- and Greek-speaking) and Jewish population beside a large Greek community (3,000 Greeks killed in 1770)",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.51,
  "lon": 22.373,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Tripoli town centre, the walled Ottoman town (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Τρίπολη / Tripoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Tripolitsa until the 19th century; Tripoli is the learned form of the same name",
  "ru_capital": "Arcadia",
  "muni_seat": "Tripoli",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Droboliza named in 1463 (in ruins) and in a 1467 list of abandoned medieval sites",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba; kaza seat; Venetian territorio 1687-1715; capital of the Morea eyalet (pasha's seat) from 1786; walled 1770s",
  "note": "A new site, distinct from Tegea, Mantinea and Pallantion. The date 1540 rests on the register evidence summarised by Wikipedia; Evliya Celebi (1668) already describes a large town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Tripoli, Greece",
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Pouqueville, Voyage de la Grèce (1820)",
   "Davies and Davis (eds), Between Venice and Istanbul (2007)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g491",
  "latin": "Theisoa (Lavda)",
  "greek": "Θείσοα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis of the Parrhasians (IACP)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; Hellenistic fortified town",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.50643,
  "lon": 21.96251,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570720,
  "site": "Lavda near Karytaina (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis (Paus. 8.27.4)",
  "note": "Two Arcadian places named Theisoa; this is the one near Mt Lykaion.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.38.3",
   "Pleiades 570720"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g725",
  "latin": "Karytaina",
  "greek": "Καρύταινα",
  "other_names": "Karitena (Venetian, Ottoman); Caritena",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1254,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Frankish castle of the barony of Karytaina (1254) with a borgo of Greek townspeople",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1460,
  "city_from_text": "Ottoman kaza seat (Karitena) from 1460",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.4844,
  "lon": 22.0375,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Karytaina, under the castle (Gortynia, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Καρύταινα / Karytaina",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman kaza seat (Karitena); Venetian territorio seat 1687-1715; kasaba with bazaar and churches",
  "note": "A Frankish castle-town, then an Ottoman kaza seat. Ancient Theisoa lies on Lavda hill, a few km away.",
  "decision": "Counted as a town of the Ottoman centuries (kaza seat) and dated from the Frankish castle-town of 1254.",
  "sources": [
   "Andrews, Castles of the Morea (1953)",
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea II (1830)",
   "Bon, La Morée franque (1969)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g493",
  "latin": "Trapezous (Arcadia)",
  "greek": "Τραπεζοῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -575,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Amiantos of Trapezous among Agariste's suitors (Hdt. 6.127)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -575,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis of Parrhasia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.45628,
  "lon": 22.06068,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570746,
  "site": "Mavria/Kyparissia area (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "Its people refused to join Megalopolis and left for Pontic Trapezous (Paus. 8.27.6).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Hdt. 6.127",
   "Paus. 8.27.6",
   "Pleiades 570746"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g494",
  "latin": "Tegea",
  "greek": "Τεγέα",
  "other_names": "Nikli (Νίκλι, medieval); Amyklion/Amyklai (medieval name of Nikli and of its see); Palaia Episkopi",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric/Geometric deposits at the sanctuary of Athena Alea; Catalogue (Il. 2.607)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (synoecism of nine demes; wars with Sparta, Hdt. 1.65-68)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.4553,
  "lon": 22.42067,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570707,
  "site": "Alea / Palaia Episkopi (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Αλέα / Alea",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Alea is named after the sanctuary of Athena Alea; medieval Nikli; Tegea survives as a municipal-unit name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH-LH settlement at Agios Sostis and Asea area; Mycenaean finds in the plain",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Chalcedon 451); medieval see 'of Amyklai' at Nikli from 1082/3 (Latin bishop of Amyclae 1209, Lateran IV 1215); medieval Nikli (Frankish barony, imperial town)",
  "note": "Medieval Nikli (called Amyklion; Frankish barony 1209, imperial from 1262 to its desertion c. 1300) occupied the site; same city. Seat of the see of Amyklai, which moved to Mouchli in the early 14th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.45-53",
   "Østby, Tegea excavations",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570707"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g495",
  "latin": "Pallantion",
  "greek": "Παλλάντιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic temples on the acropolis (Italian excavations)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; made free city by Antoninus Pius (Paus. 8.43.1)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.45364,
  "lon": 22.33144,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570548,
  "site": "Pallantio (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Παλλάντιο / Pallantio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; earlier name not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH and Mycenaean finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Roman free city",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.43-44",
   "Pleiades 570548"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g496",
  "latin": "Megalopolis",
  "greek": "Μεγάλη πόλις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -368,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded 371-368 BC by the Arcadian League after Leuctra",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -368,
  "city_from_text": "new federal city of the Arcadian League",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "Arcadian League (Epaminondas' support; oikists named by Paus. 8.27.2)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.41427,
  "lon": 22.1264,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570467,
  "site": "Megalopoli (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Μεγαλόπολη / Megalopoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Sinanou (Sinano) in Ottoman times",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Megalopoli",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "new site on the Helisson",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "Ancient sources vary between 371 and 368 BC; the modern town lies just north of the ancient site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.27",
   "Diod. 15.72.4",
   "Pleiades 570467"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g497",
  "latin": "Asea",
  "greek": "Ἀσέα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement on the acropolis (Swedish excavation, Asea Valley Survey)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.40533,
  "lon": 22.28297,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570122,
  "site": "Paleokastro near Asea (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic to Middle Helladic settlement on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Forsén & Forsén, Asea Valley Survey",
   "Paus. 8.44.3",
   "Pleiades 570122"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g498",
  "latin": "Phigaleia",
  "greek": "Φιγάλεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -659,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Spartans took Phigaleia in 659 BC (Paus. 8.39.3, traditional date)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -564,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Olympic victor Arrhachion, 564 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.39629,
  "lon": 21.83911,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570598,
  "site": "Ano Figaleia (Oichalia, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Φιγαλεία / Figaleia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Pavlitsa until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles (Φιγαλία)",
  "note": "Famous for the temple at Bassai in its territory.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Paus. 8.39-42",
   "Pleiades 570598"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g499",
  "latin": "Lykosoura",
  "greek": "Λυκόσουρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic votives at the sanctuary of Despoina",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Lykosourans (decrees); Paus. 8.38.1 'the oldest city'",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.38927,
  "lon": 22.02997,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570444,
  "site": "Lykosoura (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic decrees; sanctuary town; Paus. 8.37-38",
  "note": "Part of Megalopolis' territory, but kept a civic body; IACP status doubtful.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 8.37-38",
   "IG V.2 514-550",
   "Jost, Sanctuaires",
   "Pleiades 570444"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g500",
  "latin": "Eutaia",
  "greek": "Εὔταια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -370,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Xenophon calls Eutaia a polis on the Laconian border (Hell. 6.5.12, 370 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -370,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Xenophon; joined Megalopolis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.3717,
  "lon": 22.28526,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570249,
  "site": "near Asea / Ano Asea (Tripoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Xen. Hell. 6.5.12",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Xen. Hell. 6.5.12",
   "Pleiades 570249"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g501",
  "latin": "Oresthasion",
  "greek": "Ὀρεσθάσιον",
  "other_names": "Orestheion",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -479,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Orestheion in Hdt. 9.11 (479 BC); Thuc. 5.64",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -479,
  "city_from_text": "IACP polis of the Mainalians",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.34599,
  "lon": 22.20651,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570536,
  "site": "near Kato Asea / Anemodouri (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; joined Megalopolis",
  "note": "Site not certainly identified.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Arcadia)",
   "Hdt. 9.11",
   "Paus. 8.44.2",
   "Pleiades 570536"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g503",
  "latin": "Leontari",
  "greek": "Λεοντάριον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval town and kastron of the Despotate of the Morea",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1400,
  "city_from_text": "town (polis in Chalkokondyles); taken by Mehmed II 1460",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.312,
  "lon": 22.137,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Leontari (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Λεοντάρι / Leontari",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Leontarion",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval town (Sphrantzes, Chalkokondyles)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Chalkokondyles 9",
   "Sphrantzes"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g729",
  "latin": "Prastos",
  "greek": "Πραστός",
  "other_names": "Praste (Tsakonian Πραστέ)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "leading town of Tsakonia in the Ottoman period, seat of the kaza of Prastos and of the see of Reon and Prastos",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "kaza seat and see (Reon and Prastos) in the Ottoman period",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.2667,
  "lon": 22.6833,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Prastos, on Parnon above the Kynourian coast (North Kynouria, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "Πραστός / Prastos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman kaza seat; see of Reon and Prastos; trading privileges from the Porte; one of the richest towns of the Peloponnese; sacked by Ibrahim 1826",
  "note": "Date of first attestation not established (17th century is a cautious guess); the see may be older. Its people moved to Leonidio and the Argolid after 1826.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia, Prastos",
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea II (1830)",
   "Μεγάλη Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, s.v. Πραστός"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g504",
  "latin": "Aigys",
  "greek": "Αἰγύς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Arcadia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical town of the Aigytis on the Laconian-Arcadian border (Spartan conquest tradition, Paus. 3.2.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "polis of the Aigytis; later Megalopolitan",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "arc",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.24629,
  "lon": 22.16546,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570052,
  "site": "near Kamara / Dyrrachi (Megalopoli, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis? (Laconia/Arcadia border)",
  "note": "Status and site uncertain; Polybius (2.54) and Pausanias (8.27.4) treat the Aigytis as a district.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.2.5, 8.27.4",
   "Polyb. 2.54.3",
   "Pleiades 570052"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g505",
  "latin": "Anthene",
  "greek": "Ἀνθήνη",
  "other_names": "Anthana",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -420,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thucydides (5.41.2) names Anthene a polis of Kynouria (420 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -420,
  "city_from_text": "polis in Thucydides; Laconian, later Argive Thyreatis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.45039,
  "lon": 22.6695,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570085,
  "site": "near Meligou (North Kynouria, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 5.41.2; Paus. 2.38.6",
  "note": "Border district disputed between Argos and Sparta.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 5.41.2",
   "Paus. 2.38.6",
   "Pleiades 570085"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g506",
  "latin": "Thyrea",
  "greek": "Θυρέα",
  "other_names": "Thyreai; Thyreatis (Kynouria)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -545,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thyreai, battle of the Champions c. 545 BC (Hdt. 1.82)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "town given to the expelled Aeginetans 431 BC (Thuc. 2.27, 4.56-57)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.4,
  "lon": 22.73,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "probably Kastraki near Astros (North Kynouria, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Aeginetan polis 431-424 BC; Laconian, then Argive",
  "note": "Border town between Argos and Sparta. Not a duplicate of Anthene: Thuc. 5.41.2 names Thyrea and Anthene as two towns of Kynouria.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 1.82",
   "Thuc. 2.27, 4.56-57",
   "Pleiades 570736 (Thyreatis)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g507",
  "latin": "Aulon (Messenia)",
  "greek": "Αὐλών",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -397,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aulon in the conspiracy of Kinadon, 397 BC (Xen. Hell. 3.3.8-10)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -397,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.33,
  "lon": 21.7,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Neda valley near Kyparissia (Trifylia, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Xen. Hell. 3.3.8",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Xen. Hell. 3.3.8-10",
   "Strabo 8.3.25"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g508",
  "latin": "Karyai",
  "greek": "Καρυαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -419,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Spartan frontier sacrifice at Karyai 419 BC (Thuc. 5.55)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -419,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP); revolted 370 BC (Xen. Hell. 6.5.25)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.28873,
  "lon": 22.51597,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570334,
  "site": "near Arachova/Karyes (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village of Karyes (formerly Arachova) lies nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Thuc. 5.55",
   "Xen. Hell. 7.1.28",
   "Pleiades 570334"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g509",
  "latin": "Belemina",
  "greek": "Βελεμίνα",
  "other_names": "Belbina, Belmina",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical town of the Belminatis on the Laconian-Arcadian border",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic/Megalopolitan town; Kleomenes fortified the Athenaion near it (Polyb. 2.46, 229 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.28208,
  "lon": 22.26904,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570151,
  "site": "Chelmos hill near Petrina/Longanikos (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 3.21.3, 8.35.4; disputed between Sparta and Megalopolis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.21.3",
   "Polyb. 2.46",
   "Pleiades 570151"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g510",
  "latin": "Andania",
  "greek": "Ἀνδανία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic community of the Andanian Mysteries (Karnasion grove; inscription 92/91 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "old royal seat of the Messenians in tradition; Hellenistic town?",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.26217,
  "lon": 21.9381,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570079,
  "site": "near Konstantinoi / Polichni (Oichalia, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the modern village of Andania (renamed) is a different spot",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 4.3.7, 4.33.6 (ruins); Livy 36.31?",
  "note": "Civic status doubtful; probably within Messene's territory.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 4.33.4-6",
   "IG V.1 1390",
   "Pleiades 570079"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g511",
  "latin": "Christianoupolis",
  "greek": "Χριστιανούπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": 1086,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval see raised to metropolis by Alexios I (1086)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1086,
  "city_from_text": "metropolitan see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.2617,
  "lon": 21.8461,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Christianoi (Trifylia, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Χριστιανοί / Christianoi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "continues medieval Christianou(polis)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae; 1590)",
  "note": "Earlier bishopric under Patras likely; town flourished 11th-15th c.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "council lists",
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae",
   "Bon 1951"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g512",
  "latin": "Kyparissia",
  "greek": "Κυπαρισσία",
  "other_names": "Arkadia (Ἀρκαδία, medieval)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Kyparisseeis in the Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.593)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -365,
  "city_from_text": "Messenian polis after 369 (coins); medieval Arkadia",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ku-pa-ri-so? (Pylos tablets; identification debated)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.24853,
  "lon": 21.68116,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570397,
  "site": "Kyparissia (Trifylia, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Κυπαρισσία / Kyparissia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Arkadia (Ἀρκαδιά) in medieval and Ottoman times",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Trifylia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds on the castle hill",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hierocles; medieval Arkadia (Frankish barony and imperial town)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.593",
   "Paus. 4.36.7",
   "Strabo 8.4.4",
   "Pleiades 570397"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g513",
  "latin": "Pellana",
  "greek": "Πελλάνα",
  "other_names": "Pellene (Laconian)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "perioikic town in the Classical period (Xen. Hell. 7.5.9; Polyb. 4.81.7)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.20778,
  "lon": 22.32518,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570575,
  "site": "Pellana (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Πελλάνα / Pellana",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; earlier name not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean tombs and a large LH building claimed (disputedly) as a palace",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Paus. 3.21.2",
   "Polyb. 4.81.7",
   "Pleiades 570575"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g514",
  "latin": "Messene",
  "greek": "Μεσσήνη",
  "other_names": "Ithome",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -369,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded 369 BC by Epaminondas after Leuctra",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -369,
  "city_from_text": "new capital of the free Messenians",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "Epaminondas and the Thebans",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.1753,
  "lon": 21.92005,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570479,
  "site": "Archaia Messini / Mavromati (Messini, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Αρχαία Μεσσήνη / Archaia Messini",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Mavromati until renamed; the town of Messini (formerly Nisi) is a different place",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Ithome stronghold of the Messenian wars; Geometric-Archaic finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League; Hierocles; see (Chalcedon 451)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Messenia)",
   "Paus. 4.26-27",
   "Diod. 15.66",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570479"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g515",
  "latin": "Sellasia",
  "greek": "Σελλασία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -370,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "burnt by the Thebans 370 BC (Xen. Hell. 6.5.27)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -370,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP); battle 222 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.16927,
  "lon": 22.4406,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570662,
  "site": "Agios Konstantinos hill near Sellasia (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Xen. Hell. 6.5.27",
   "Polyb. 2.65-69",
   "Pleiades 570662"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g516",
  "latin": "Prasiai",
  "greek": "Πρασιαί",
  "other_names": "Brasiai",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Arcadia",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "member of the Kalaureian amphictyony before Sparta took its place (Strabo 8.6.14)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis; sacked 430 BC (Thuc. 2.56); Eleutherolakonian (Brasiai)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.145,
  "lon": 22.8882,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570629,
  "site": "Plaka near Leonidio (South Kynouria, Arcadia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian League (195 BC / Augustus); Kalaureian amphictyony",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Strabo 8.6.14",
   "Thuc. 2.56",
   "Paus. 3.24.3",
   "Pleiades 570629"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g517",
  "latin": "Thouria",
  "greek": "Θουρία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -464,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thouriatai among the perioikoi who revolted in 464 BC (Thuc. 1.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -464,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis, then Messenian polis; Achaean League 182 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.11004,
  "lon": 22.05069,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570733,
  "site": "Ellinika near Thouria (Kalamata, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "Pausanias (4.31.1) equates it with Homeric Antheia; Roman town moved to the plain.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Messenia)",
   "Thuc. 1.101",
   "Paus. 4.31.1",
   "Pleiades 570733"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g518",
  "latin": "Aithaia",
  "greek": "Αἰθαία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -464,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Aithaieis among the perioikoi who revolted in 464 BC (Thuc. 1.101)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -464,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic community (IACP polis?)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.1,
  "lon": 22.0,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "unlocated (Messenia or Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Thuc. 1.101",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 1.101",
   "IACP (Laconia/Messenia)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g519",
  "latin": "Androusa",
  "greek": "Ἀνδροῦσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": 1250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town under the Frankish castle (Chronicle of the Morea)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "Latin see and medieval bishopric (14th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.0927,
  "lon": 21.9294,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Androusa (Messini, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Ανδρούσα / Androusa",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Frankish Androusa",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval town; Latin and Greek bishops",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Chronicle of the Morea",
   "Bon, La Morée franque"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g520",
  "latin": "Sparta",
  "greek": "Σπάρτη / Λακεδαίμων",
  "other_names": "Lakedaimon; Λακεδαιμονία (medieval); Lacedaemon",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -950,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Laconian Protogeometric on the acropolis and at Orthia (10th c.); Dorian settlement tradition",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -750,
  "city_from_text": "Geometric/Archaic polis of the four obai (synoecism; Lycurgan tradition)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ra-ke-da-mi-ni-jo? (Thebes Fq, ethnic 'Lakedaimonian'; does not prove a town at Sparta)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.08178,
  "lon": 22.42467,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570685,
  "site": "Sparti (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Σπάρτη / Sparti",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "new town founded 1834 on the ancient site; the medieval centre was Mystras (Lakedaimonia)",
  "ru_capital": "Laconia",
  "muni_seat": "Sparti",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean Menelaion and Agios Vasileios palace nearby, not on the site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; free city under Rome; Hierocles (Λακεδαιμονία); see (680-81, 869-80); metropolis from 1082/3",
  "note": "Medieval Lakedaimonia on the ancient acropolis until the population moved to Mystras (13th-14th c.); modern town refounded 1834.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Cartledge, Sparta and Lakonia",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570685"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g521",
  "latin": "Mystras",
  "greek": "Μυστρᾶς",
  "other_names": "Myzithras",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": 1262,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek town under the castle after the imperial recovery of 1262",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1300,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the metropolitan of Lakedaimon (Metropolis church 1291/2); capital of the Despotate of the Morea 1349-1460",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "castle built by William II of Villehardouin (1249); the town grew under Roman rule after 1262",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.0736,
  "lon": 22.3681,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 410249370,
  "site": "Mystras (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Μυστράς / Mystras",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "the 19th-c. village sits at the foot of the medieval town",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "new hill site 5 km W of Sparta",
  "status_evidence": "kastron and town in medieval Greek sources; metropolitan see; despotic capital",
  "note": "Frankish castle (1249); the town below it was imperial and Greek-speaking. Ancient Sparta is a separate entry.",
  "decision": "Counted as a Greek town that grew below the Frankish castle under the emperors after 1262, not as a Frankish foundation.",
  "sources": [
   "Runciman, Mistra",
   "Chronicle of the Morea",
   "Bon, La Morée franque"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g737",
  "latin": "Nisi",
  "greek": "Νησί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "market town of the lower Pamisos in the 18th century, overtaking Androusa",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "chief place of the kaza of Androusa by the late 18th century",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.054,
  "lon": 22.0,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Messini town, on the Pamisos (Messini, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Μεσσήνη / Messini",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Nisi until the early 20th century, then Messini",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Messini",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village in the Venetian census (Nisi)",
  "status_evidence": "kasaba and market of the Messenian plain; primates; rose in March 1821",
  "note": "Not ancient Messene (at Mavromati, 15 km away) nor Androusa.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Panagiotopoulos, Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της Πελοποννήσου (1985)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g522",
  "latin": "Marios",
  "greek": "Μάριος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -195,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city (Paus. 3.21.7, 3.22.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.04258,
  "lon": 22.81937,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570461,
  "site": "Mari near Kosmas / Geraki (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.22.8",
   "Pleiades 570461"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g523",
  "latin": "Pharai (Messenia)",
  "greek": "Φαραί",
  "other_names": "Pherai; Kalamata (Καλάμαι, medieval)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Pherai (Il. 5.543, 9.151; Od. 3.488)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -182,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis, separate member of the Achaean League 182 BC; medieval Kalamata",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.03776,
  "lon": 22.11094,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570596,
  "site": "Kalamata (Kalamata, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Καλαμάτα / Kalamata",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "ancient Pharai; medieval Kalamai/Kalamata",
  "ru_capital": "Messenia",
  "muni_seat": "Kalamata",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Achaean League; medieval town and Frankish castle (1208); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Ancient Pharai lay at the Kalamata castle hill; medieval Kalamata on the same site (rename).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 4.30.2-3",
   "Strabo 8.4.4",
   "Polyb. 25.1",
   "Pleiades 570596"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g525",
  "latin": "Geronthrai",
  "greek": "Γερόνθραι",
  "other_names": "Geraki (Γεράκι, medieval)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Lacedaemonian settlement after the conquest under Teleklos (Paus. 3.2.6, 3.22.6; traditional, mid-8th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis; Eleutherolakonian; medieval Geraki",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Lacedaemonians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.99219,
  "lon": 22.70691,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570263,
  "site": "Geraki (Sparti, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Γεράκι / Geraki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Geraki",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EH and Mycenaean settlement on the acropolis (Geraki Project)",
  "status_evidence": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian League (195 BC / Augustus); medieval Frankish barony (1209) and imperial town; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Medieval Geraki castle (1209) lies c. 3 km E of the ancient acropolis under the village; treated as one city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Paus. 3.22.6-7",
   "Crouwel et al., Geraki",
   "Pleiades 570263"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g526",
  "latin": "Kyphanta",
  "greek": "Κύφαντα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -219,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Kyphanta in the Social War (Polyb. 4.36.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -219,
  "city_from_text": "polis in ruins in Pausanias' day (3.24.2)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.96782,
  "lon": 22.99205,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570398,
  "site": "Kyparissi (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Κυπαρίσσι / Kyparissi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 3.24.2; Ptol.",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.24.2",
   "Polyb. 4.36.5",
   "Pleiades 570398"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g527",
  "latin": "Abia",
  "greek": "Ἀβία",
  "other_names": "Hire (Homeric, Paus. 4.30.1)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -182,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "separate member of the Achaean League 182 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -182,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.96519,
  "lon": 22.14232,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570027,
  "site": "Palaiochora near Kitries / Doloi (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Achaean League; coins?; Paus. 4.30.1",
  "note": "Pausanias identifies Abia with Homeric Hire.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 4.30.1",
   "Polyb. 25.1",
   "Pleiades 570027"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g528",
  "latin": "Alagonia",
  "greek": "Ἀλαγονία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -195,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city (Paus. 3.21.7, 3.26.11)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.95557,
  "lon": 22.26121,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570061,
  "site": "near Kambos / Pigadia (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.26.11",
   "Pleiades 570061"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g529",
  "latin": "Korone",
  "greek": "Κορώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -365,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "refounded c. 369-365 BC by Epimelides of Koroneia on the site of Aipeia (Paus. 4.34.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -365,
  "city_from_text": "Messenian polis; Hierocles",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "Epimelides of Koroneia (Theban resettlement of Messenia)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.95417,
  "lon": 21.92794,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570371,
  "site": "Petalidi (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Πεταλίδι / Petalidi",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "the name Korone moved to Messenian Asine (Koroni) in the Middle Ages",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Achaean League; Hierocles",
  "note": "The medieval see and town of Korone (Coron) moved to the site of Asine (Koroni); see the Asine entry.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 4.34.4-6",
   "Strabo 8.4.5",
   "Pleiades 570371"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g530",
  "latin": "Pylos",
  "greek": "Πύλος",
  "other_names": "Koryphasion; Navarino / Avarinos, Port-de-Jonc (medieval Palaionavarino castle 1278)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -365,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Messenian polis Pylos on Koryphasion after 369 (Paus. 4.36.1; coins)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -365,
  "city_from_text": "Messenian polis; Achaean League",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "pu-ro (Pylos tablets; the palace at Ano Englianos, a different site)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.95203,
  "lon": 21.65989,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570640,
  "site": "Palaiokastro / Koryphasion near Pylos (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the name Pylos was given to modern Navarino/Neokastro ~6 km S",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean finds on Koryphasion; Nestor's palace 9 km NNE at Englianos",
  "status_evidence": "IACP?; coins; Achaean League",
  "note": "Deserted in 425 BC (Thuc. 4.3); the Mycenaean palace at Englianos had no later city and is not used for the date.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Thuc. 4.3",
   "Paus. 4.36",
   "Strabo 8.4.2",
   "Pleiades 570640"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g531",
  "latin": "Gerenia",
  "greek": "Γερηνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric epithet of Nestor; Enope of Il. 9.150 according to Paus. 3.26.8",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.92719,
  "lon": 22.20866,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570261,
  "site": "Kambos / Zarnata (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7)",
  "note": "Homeric link only through Pausanias' identification.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.26.8-11",
   "Pleiades 570261"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g724",
  "latin": "Navarino (Neokastro)",
  "greek": "Νιόκαστρο / Νεόκαστρον",
  "other_names": "Navarino; Anavarin-i cedid (Ottoman); Navarino Nuovo (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": 1573,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "new Ottoman fortress-town of Neokastro built 1573 by Uluç Ali Pasha after Lepanto, on the south side of the bay",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "documented foundation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1573,
  "city_from_text": "fortress-town and seat of the kaza of Anavarin from its foundation",
  "origin": "foundation by Venice or the Ottomans",
  "founder": "the Ottomans (Uluç Ali Pasha)",
  "founder_group": "Ottomans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Muslim garrison town (many Morean Muslims Greek-speaking) with Greek Christian inhabitants, numerous in the Venetian census of 1700",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.913,
  "lon": 21.6965,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Pylos town and Neokastro fortress (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Πύλος / Pylos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Neokastro/Navarino; renamed Pylos after the ancient city at Koryphasion, c. 5 km away",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Pylos-Nestor",
  "pre_settlement": "no",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ottoman fortress-town; kaza seat; Venetian territorio di Navarino 1686-1715 with Greek inhabitants; town with Greek suburb by 1821",
  "note": "Separate from ancient Pylos at Koryphasion and from medieval Navarino (Zonklon, Palaiokastro) across the bay, about 5 km away.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Andrews, Castles of the Morea (1953)",
   "Leake, Travels in the Morea I (1830)",
   "Bennet, Davis and Zarinebaf-Shahr, Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: Ottoman Navarino (Hesperia 2000)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g532",
  "latin": "Kardamyle",
  "greek": "Καρδαμύλη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "one of Agamemnon's seven cities (Il. 9.150)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis disputed between Messene and Sparta; given to Sparta by Augustus (Paus. 3.26.7)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.88478,
  "lon": 22.23765,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570330,
  "site": "Kardamyli (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Καρδαμύλη / Kardamyli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Skardamoula in Venetian and Ottoman sources",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "West Mani",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Laconian town in Hdt. 8.73 ('Asine by Kardamyle'); Hellenistic polis; Paus. 3.26.7",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 9.150",
   "Paus. 3.26.7",
   "Pleiades 570330"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g533",
  "latin": "Helos",
  "greek": "Ἕλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.584)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": 1222,
  "city_from_text": "see of Helos, vacant and joined to Lakedaimon in 1223; later suffragan of Monemvasia (Palaiologan Notitiae)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.84325,
  "lon": 22.60754,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570286,
  "site": "Helos plain near Skala/Agios Stefanos (Evrotas, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Homeric town; medieval see",
  "note": "Ancient Helos was conquered by Sparta (Paus. 3.2.7) and was no polis later; seat of the medieval bishop unknown.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.584",
   "Paus. 3.20.6",
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae",
   "Pleiades 570286"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g534",
  "latin": "Leuktra (Laconia)",
  "greek": "Λεῦκτρα",
  "other_names": "Leuktron",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -195,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city (Paus. 3.26.4)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.84275,
  "lon": 22.26523,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570431,
  "site": "Leuktro / Stoupa (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Λεύκτρο / Leuktro",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7)",
  "note": "Disputed between Messene and Sparta.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.26.4-6",
   "Pleiades 570431"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g535",
  "latin": "Kolonides",
  "greek": "Κολωνίδες",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis claiming Athenian origin (Paus. 4.34.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.83608,
  "lon": 21.92879,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570368,
  "site": "Vounaria / Agios Andreas (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Paus. 4.34.8; inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 4.34.8",
   "Pleiades 570368"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g536",
  "latin": "Methone",
  "greek": "Μεθώνη",
  "other_names": "Mothone; Pedasos (Homeric, Paus. 4.35.1); Modon (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Nauplians settled at Methone by Sparta after the first Messenian war (Paus. 4.24.4, 4.35.2)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -431,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis attacked by the Athenians 431 BC (Thuc. 2.25)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Nauplians, settled by Sparta",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Nauplia",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.81435,
  "lon": 21.70444,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570483,
  "site": "Methoni (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Μεθώνη / Methoni",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Modon (Venetian)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (879-80; Latin Modon 1215; 1590)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Messenia)",
   "Paus. 4.35",
   "Thuc. 2.25",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570483"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g537",
  "latin": "Asine (Messenia)",
  "greek": "Ἀσίνη",
  "other_names": "Korone/Coron (medieval, Κορώνη)",
  "territory": "Messenia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Dryopians of Argolic Asine settled here by Sparta after Argos destroyed their city (c. 700; Paus. 4.14.3, 4.34.9)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (Thuc. 4.13); Hierocles; medieval Korone (Coron)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Dryopes of Argolic Asine, settled by Sparta",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Asine (Argolis)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.79451,
  "lon": 21.96327,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570125,
  "site": "Koroni (Pylos-Nestor, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Κορώνη / Koroni",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Korone (Coron), on the site of ancient Asine",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see of Korone (c. 900; Latin Coron, Lateran IV 1215)",
  "note": "Traditional date; the medieval and Venetian Korone stands on the site of ancient Asine.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Messenia)",
   "Paus. 4.34.9-12",
   "Hdt. 8.73",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570125"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g538",
  "latin": "Akriai",
  "greek": "Ἀκριαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -218,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Philip V at Akriai, 218 BC (Polyb. 5.19.8)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city (Paus. 3.21.7, 3.22.4)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.79164,
  "lon": 22.78701,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570058,
  "site": "near Kokkinia/Plytra (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League; Strabo 8.5.2; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.22.4",
   "Polyb. 5.19.8",
   "Pleiades 570058"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g539",
  "latin": "Zarax",
  "greek": "Ζάραξ",
  "other_names": "medieval Ierakas (Ἱέραξ)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -272,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "sacked by Kleonymos c. 272 BC (Paus. 3.24.1)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.7867,
  "lon": 23.08432,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570761,
  "site": "Ierakas (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Ιέρακας / Ierakas",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "medieval Ierax",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League",
  "note": "Medieval kastron of Hierax on the same hill.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.24.1",
   "Ptol. 3.16.10",
   "Pleiades 570761"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g540",
  "latin": "Thalamai",
  "greek": "Θαλάμαι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Messenia",
  "greek_from": -243,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "oracle of Ino-Pasiphae at Thalamai consulted by Spartan ephors (Plut. Agis 9)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.78451,
  "lon": 22.32854,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570715,
  "site": "Koutifari/Thalames (West Mani, Messenia)",
  "modern": "Θαλάμες / Thalames",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Koutifari until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7); Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.26.1",
   "Plut. Agis 9",
   "Pleiades 570715"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g541",
  "latin": "Gytheion",
  "greek": "Γύθειον",
  "other_names": "Gythium",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -455,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Spartan dockyard at Gytheion burnt by Tolmides 455 BC (Diod. 11.84; Thuc. 1.108)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -455,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP); chief Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.76366,
  "lon": 22.56234,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570268,
  "site": "Gytheio (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Γύθειο / Gytheio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Marathonisi in Ottoman and early modern times",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "East Mani",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian League (195 BC / Augustus); coins; Roman inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Diod. 11.84",
   "Thuc. 1.108",
   "Paus. 3.21.6-9",
   "Pleiades 570268"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g542",
  "latin": "Epidauros Limera",
  "greek": "Ἐπίδαυρος ἡ Λιμηρά",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -424,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "ravaged by the Athenians 424 BC (Thuc. 4.56); founded by Epidaurians (Paus. 3.23.6)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -424,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Epidauros (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Epidauros",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.7313,
  "lon": 23.02637,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570229,
  "site": "Palaia Monemvasia / Agios Ilias (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian League (195 BC / Augustus); coins",
  "note": "Foundation date unknown; tradition of Epidaurian origin.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Thuc. 4.56",
   "Paus. 3.23.6-11",
   "Pleiades 570229"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g543",
  "latin": "Las",
  "greek": "Λᾶς",
  "other_names": "Laas",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Laas in the Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.585)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city; town of Las at Passavas hill (Paus. 3.24.6-10)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.72554,
  "lon": 22.49825,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570417,
  "site": "Passavas hill near Karavostasi (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7); Strabo 8.5.3",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.24.6-10",
   "Il. 2.585",
   "Pleiades 570417"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g544",
  "latin": "Oitylos",
  "greek": "Οἴτυλος",
  "other_names": "Vitylo, Oitylo (medieval)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.585)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city; medieval Vitylo",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.70506,
  "lon": 22.3848,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570527,
  "site": "Oitylo (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Οίτυλο / Oitylo",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Vitylo",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7); medieval town",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.25.10",
   "Il. 2.585",
   "Pleiades 570527"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g545",
  "latin": "Monemvasia",
  "greek": "Μονεμβασία",
  "other_names": "Malvasia (Ital.); ancient Minoa promontory",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": 583,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "founded by Laconians fleeing the Avars and Slavs (Chronicle of Monemvasia, c. 582/3)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 787,
  "city_from_text": "bishop at Nicaea II (787); metropolis by the 11th-12th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "refugees from Lakedaimon (Chronicle of Monemvasia)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.6874,
  "lon": 23.0563,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Monemvasia (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Μονεμβασιά / Monemvasia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Malvasia (Ital.)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "the rock is the Minoa of Strabo 8.6.1 and Paus. 3.23.11",
  "status_evidence": "see (Nicaea 787, Florence 1439); kastropolis; metropolis",
  "note": "Foundation date from the Chronicle, archaeology confirms 6th-c. Occupation.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Chronicle of Monemvasia",
   "Kalligas, Monemvasia",
   "council lists"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g546",
  "latin": "Asopos",
  "greek": "Ἀσωπός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -195,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attested as an Eleutherolakonian city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city; Roman coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.6845,
  "lon": 22.8426,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570129,
  "site": "Plytra (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Πλύτρα / Plytra",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Asopos survives as a municipal-unit name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League; Imperial coins; Strabo 8.5.2; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Probably a perioikic community earlier; no secure Classical attestation known to me.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.22.9-10",
   "Strabo 8.5.2",
   "Pleiades 570129"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g547",
  "latin": "Maina",
  "greek": "Μαΐνη",
  "other_names": "Grand Magne (Frankish castle 1248, at Tigani?)",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": 900,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "see of Maina in the Notitia of Leo VI (c. 901-907); kastron of Maina (Const. Porph., DAI 50)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 900,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.637,
  "lon": 22.397,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Tigani or Kyparissos (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "see (Notitiae, suffragan of Corinth, later Lakedaimon/Monemvasia); kastron",
  "note": "Location disputed: Tigani (Grand Magne) or Kainepolis/Kyparissos; may merge with Kainepolis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "DAI 50",
   "Darrouzès, Notitiae",
   "Bon 1951"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g548",
  "latin": "Teuthrone",
  "greek": "Τευθρώνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "town founded by the Athenian Teuthras (Paus. 3.25.4; tradition), attested in Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.62114,
  "lon": 22.48906,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570714,
  "site": "Kotronas (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Κότρωνας / Kotronas",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.25.4",
   "Pleiades 570714"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g549",
  "latin": "Pyrrhichos",
  "greek": "Πύρριχος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -195,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "first attested as an Eleutherolakonian city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city (Paus. 3.25.1-3)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.574,
  "lon": 22.414,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 570642,
  "site": "Kavalos near Pyrrichos (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Πύρριχος / Pyrrichos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Kavalos until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7); Roman inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.25.1-3"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g550",
  "latin": "Boiai",
  "greek": "Βοιαί",
  "other_names": "Boeae",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -340,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Boia among the poleis of Laconia in Ps.-Skylax 46 (c. 340 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -340,
  "city_from_text": "perioikic polis; Eleutherolakonian; founded by synoecism of Etis, Aphrodisias, Side (Paus. 3.22.11)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Boios the Heraclid (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.5137,
  "lon": 23.05867,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570156,
  "site": "Neapoli Voion (Monemvasia, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Νεάπολη / Neapoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Neapoli Voion",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "perioikic polis (IACP); Eleutherolakonian League (195 BC / Augustus); Imperial coins; Late Roman town",
  "note": "The Ps.-Skylax attestation is unconfirmed; otherwise first secure as an Eleutherolakonian city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.22.11-13",
   "Ps.-Skylax 46",
   "Pleiades 570156"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g551",
  "latin": "Kainepolis",
  "greek": "Καινὴ πόλις",
  "other_names": "Tainaron (city); Kyparissos",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Peloponnese",
  "regional_unit": "Laconia",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "community of the Tainarioi (Hellenistic)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -195,
  "city_from_text": "Eleutherolakonian city of Tainaron, renamed Kainepolis (Paus. 3.25.9)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.46043,
  "lon": 22.44271,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570322,
  "site": "Kyparissos / Alika (East Mani, Laconia)",
  "modern": "Κυπάρισσος / Kyparissos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Eleutherolakonian League (Paus. 3.21.7); Roman inscriptions; Early Christian basilicas",
  "note": "Some place the medieval see of Maina here; see the Maina entry.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Paus. 3.25.9",
   "IG V.1 1240-1252",
   "Pleiades 570322"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g552",
  "latin": "Kythera",
  "greek": "Κύθηρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kythera (Islands)",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homer (Il. 10.268, 15.432)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Laconian polis with a Spartan Kytherodikes (Hdt. 1.82; Thuc. 4.53)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ku-te-ra3? (Pylos Aa/Ab, 'Kytheran' women; identification debated)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.2295,
  "lon": 23.0291,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570400,
  "site": "Palaiokastro / Palaiopoli (Kythera, Islands)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan and Mycenaean settlement at Kastri (port Skandeia)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; see (Kythera, under Monemvasia; 1590); Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Medieval Paliochora (Agios Dimitrios) and the Venetian Kastro at Chora lie elsewhere on the island; the Chora is listed separately.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Laconia)",
   "Hdt. 1.82",
   "Thuc. 4.53-54",
   "Coldstream & Huxley, Kythera",
   "Pleiades 570400"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g730",
  "latin": "Chora of Kythera",
  "greek": "Χώρα (Κάστρο) Κυθήρων",
  "other_names": "Kastro; Castello di Cerigo; Cerigo",
  "territory": "Laconia",
  "region9": "Ionian Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kythera (Islands)",
  "greek_from": 1537,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Venetian castle-town (Kastro with Mesa and Exo Vourgo) becomes the capital of Kythera after Barbarossa destroys Paliochora (Agios Dimitrios) in 1537",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1537,
  "city_from_text": "capital of the island and seat of the Venetian provveditore from the 16th century",
  "origin": "foundation by Venice or the Ottomans",
  "founder": "Venice",
  "founder_group": "Latins",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.143,
  "lon": 22.989,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora and its Venetian castle (Kythera)",
  "modern": "Κύθηρα (Χώρα) / Kythira (Chora)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Kythira; locally Chora",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Kythira",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Venetian castle on the site from the 13th-14th c., rebuilt c. 1503",
  "status_evidence": "seat of the Venetian provveditore and council of Cerigo; Orthodox bishop of Kythera; Latin church",
  "note": "The castle (and perhaps a governor) is older than 1460; the town is counted from 1537, when it became the island's capital. Distinct from ancient Kythera (Palaiopoli) and from Paliochora.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Leontsinis, The Island of Kythera: a social history 1563-1864 (1987)",
   "Wikipedia, Kythira",
   "Andrews, Castles of the Morea (1953)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g553",
  "latin": "Hephaistia",
  "greek": "Ἡφαιστία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Lemnos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lemnos",
  "greek_from": -499,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "Athenian conquest of Lemnos by Miltiades, c. 499 (Hdt. 6.137–140)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -499,
  "city_from_text": "Athenian cleruch polis; Hephaistieis in the tribute lists",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "Miltiades with Athenian settlers",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.96458,
  "lon": 25.31823,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550569,
  "site": "Palaiopoli, Pournia bay (Lemnos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Tyrrhenian (Lemnian) town, 8th–6th c. BC",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Athenian cleruchy; Hierocles (Hellas: island Lemnos); see 325",
  "note": "Late Roman town; the see of Lemnos later sat at Myrina (Kastro).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lemnos)",
   "Hdt. 6.137–140",
   "Pleiades 550569"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g554",
  "latin": "Myrina",
  "greek": "Μύρινα",
  "other_names": "Kastro (medieval Lemnos)",
  "territory": "Lemnos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lemnos",
  "greek_from": -499,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "taken by Miltiades after a siege, c. 499 (Hdt. 6.140)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -499,
  "city_from_text": "Athenian cleruch polis; Myrinaioi in the tribute lists",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "Miltiades with Athenian settlers",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "att",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.8775,
  "lon": 25.05622,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550755,
  "site": "Myrina (Lemnos)",
  "modern": "Μύρινα / Myrina",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "medieval and Ottoman Κάστρο (the town under the castle); ancient name revived after union with Greece (1912)",
  "ru_capital": "Lemnos",
  "muni_seat": "Lemnos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Tyrrhenian (Lemnian) town; EBA–LBA settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; see of Lemnos (bishops 680–1590)",
  "note": "Medieval Kastro of Lemnos on the ancient acropolis; see attached here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lemnos)",
   "Hdt. 6.140",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 550755"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g555",
  "latin": "Methymna",
  "greek": "Μήθυμνα",
  "other_names": "Molyvos (medieval/modern)",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic remains; Aeolian settlement (tradition)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Arion of Methymna; conquest of Arisba, Hdt. 1.151)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.36917,
  "lon": 26.17689,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550738,
  "site": "Molyvos (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "Μήθυμνα (Μόλυβος) / Mithymna (Molyvos)",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "official name Mithymna; in daily use Molyvos (Μόλυβος, medieval, Turk. Molova)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 680–1590)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "Hdt. 1.151",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 550738"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g556",
  "latin": "Antissa",
  "greek": "Ἄντισσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -950,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric apsidal houses (Lamb's excavations)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Terpander, 7th c.)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.29138,
  "lon": 26.01899,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550435,
  "site": "Ovriokastro near Gavathas (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA settlement with Grey Ware",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Destroyed by Rome in 167 BC and its people moved to Methymna (Livy 45.31).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "Livy 45.31",
   "Lamb, BSA 31–32",
   "Pleiades 550435"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g557",
  "latin": "Arisba",
  "greek": "Ἄρισβα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Arisbaeans, kin of the Methymnaeans, enslaved by Methymna (Hdt. 1.151)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Arisbaeans, kin of the Methymnaeans, enslaved by Methymna (Hdt. 1.151)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 39.24415,
  "lon": 26.24327,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 550455,
  "site": "near Kalloni (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Archaic)",
  "note": "Ceased to be a polis when conquered by Methymna in the Archaic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "Hdt. 1.151",
   "Pleiades 550455"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g558",
  "latin": "Pyrrha",
  "greek": "Πύρρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -428,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the Mytilenean revolt (Thuc. 3.18, 3.25)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.15605,
  "lon": 26.28549,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 550851,
  "site": "Achladeri, Gulf of Kalloni (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins",
  "note": "Destroyed by the Roman period (Strabo 13.2.4; Pliny 2.206 says swallowed by the sea).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "Thuc. 3.18",
   "Pleiades 550851"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g559",
  "latin": "Eresos",
  "greek": "Ἔρεσος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement on the acropolis (Vigla)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Sappho's birthplace in the Suda)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.13315,
  "lon": 25.93541,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550533,
  "site": "Skala Eresou (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "Σκάλα Ερεσού / Skala Eresou",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "“harbour of Eresos”; the inland village Eresos kept the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; decrees",
  "note": "Early Christian basilicas show a Late Roman town; medieval kastro on the acropolis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "IG XII 2",
   "Pleiades 550533"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g560",
  "latin": "Mytilene",
  "greek": "Μυτιλήνη",
  "other_names": "Mitylene",
  "territory": "Lesbos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Lesbos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric finds on the fortified islet; Aeolian settlement under the Penthilidai (tradition)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (Pittakos, Alcaeus, Sappho; war for Sigeion c. 600)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Aeolians under the Penthilidai (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Aeolians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "aeo",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 39.11048,
  "lon": 26.54705,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550763,
  "site": "Mytilene (Lesbos)",
  "modern": "Μυτιλήνη / Mytilini",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Μιτυλήνη / Μυτιλήνη throughout (Turk. Midilli)",
  "ru_capital": "Lesbos",
  "muni_seat": "Mytilene",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA settlement on the site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 451–1590); Gattilusi capital 1355–1462",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Lesbos)",
   "Thuc. 3.2–50",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 550763"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g561",
  "latin": "Psyra",
  "greek": "Ψύρα",
  "other_names": "Psyrie (Od. 3.171); Psara",
  "territory": "Chios",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Chios",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "island Psyrie named in the Odyssey (3.171)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -20,
  "city_from_text": "Strabo 14.1.35: Psyra has a polis of the same name",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 38.54909,
  "lon": 25.56219,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 550845,
  "site": "Psara (island)",
  "modern": "Ψαρά / Psara",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Ψυρά → Ψαρά",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Psara",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean cemetery at Archontiki",
  "status_evidence": "Strabo 14.1.35",
  "note": "Status rests on Strabo alone; probably a Chian dependency.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 14.1.35",
   "Od. 3.171",
   "Pleiades 550845"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g562",
  "latin": "Chios",
  "greek": "Χίος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Chios",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Chios",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric finds in Chios town; Ionian settlement (Ion of Chios in Paus. 7.4.8–10)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis of the Ionian dodecapolis",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition, Amphiklos from Histiaia)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 38.37224,
  "lon": 26.13298,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 550496,
  "site": "Chios town (Chios)",
  "modern": "Χίος / Chios",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Chios",
  "muni_seat": "Chios",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 431–1590)",
  "note": "Genoese Maona 1346–1566; medieval kastro on the site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Chios)",
   "Paus. 7.4.8–10",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 550496"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g563",
  "latin": "Andros (Chora)",
  "greek": "Ἄνδρος (Χώρα)",
  "other_names": "Kastro of Andros",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Andros",
  "greek_from": 1207,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Venetian kastro and town of Marino Dandolo after 1207, Greek-speaking population",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1207,
  "city_from_text": "capital of the Latin lordship of Andros; medieval kastropolis",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Marino Dandolo (castle)",
  "founder_group": "Latins",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.8377,
  "lon": 24.9405,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Andros town (Chora), Andros",
  "modern": "Άνδρος (Χώρα) / Andros",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Άνδρος; medieval Kastro",
  "ru_capital": "Andros",
  "muni_seat": "Andros",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval capital of the island (Latin lordship 1207–1566)",
  "note": "Medieval successor of ancient Andros on a different site; civic status before 1460 rests on its role as island capital.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ODB s.v. Andros",
   "Slot, Archipelagus turbatus"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g564",
  "latin": "Andros",
  "greek": "Ἄνδρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Andros",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlements on the island (Zagora, Hypsele); Palaiopolis the town from the Geometric/Archaic period",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -655,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; founded Akanthos and Stageira c. 655 BC",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.81568,
  "lon": 24.8265,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589692,
  "site": "Palaiopoli (Andros, Andros)",
  "modern": "Παλαιόπολη / Palaiopoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "“old city”; island name Andros continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Zagora (Geometric town, abandoned c. 700) lies on another headland",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 787, 879)",
  "note": "The medieval centre moved to Chora (Kastro, Venetian lordship from 1207), c. 10 km away; listed separately as Andros (Chora).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades, Reger)",
   "Hdt. 8.111",
   "Strabo 10.1.10",
   "Pleiades 589692"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g744",
  "latin": "Chora of Samos",
  "greek": "Χώρα (Σάμος)",
  "other_names": "Megali Chora; Sisam (Ottoman name of the island)",
  "territory": "Samos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Samos",
  "greek_from": 1580,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ottoman resettlement of the deserted island from the 1560s–70s (hass of Kılıç Ali Pasha, 1572/3); Chora its administrative centre",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1580,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the Ottoman governor (voevoda/aga) and kadi of Samos until the capital moved to Vathy (1830s)",
  "origin": "foundation by Venice or the Ottomans",
  "founder": "Ottoman resettlement under Kılıç Ali Pasha",
  "founder_group": "Ottomans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.695,
  "lon": 26.925,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora, inland W of Pythagoreio (Samos)",
  "modern": "Χώρα / Chora",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "capital of Ottoman Samos (governor, kadi, notables); island c. 10,000 people in the 17th c.",
  "note": "Inland c. 2–3 km W of ancient Samos (Pythagoreio), outside the ancient harbour town: treated as a separate site. Settlers Greek, from many islands and Asia Minor.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Georgirenes, A Description of the Present State of Samos, Nicaria, Patmos (1678)",
   "Stamatiadis, Σαμιακά (1881–91)",
   "Wikipedia s.v. Samos (Ottoman period)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g565",
  "latin": "Samos",
  "greek": "Σάμος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Samos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Samos",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric cult at the Heraion and settlement at the town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; colonies (Perinthos 602, Minoa on Amorgos)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians under Prokles from Epidauros (tradition, Paus. 7.4.2)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.68825,
  "lon": 26.94448,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599925,
  "site": "Pythagoreio (Samos)",
  "modern": "Πυθαγόρειο / Pythagoreio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Tigani (Τηγάνι) until 1955, renamed after Pythagoras, not after the city",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EBA–LBA settlement at the Heraion and on Kastro hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 692–1590)",
  "note": "Medieval kastro on the site; name of a medieval theme; Genoese 1346–1475. Samian peraia in Turkey.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Samos)",
   "Hdt. 3.39–60",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 599925"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g566",
  "latin": "Koresia",
  "greek": "Κορησία",
  "other_names": "Koressos; Arsinoe (Ptolemaic name, 3rd c. BC)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement and sanctuary of Apollo Smintheus",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of the Keian tetrapolis (4th-c. decrees)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.6587,
  "lon": 24.31119,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570370,
  "site": "Korissia (Kea)",
  "modern": "Κορησσία / Korissia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "port of Kea, formerly Livadi (Λιβάδι)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Athenian decrees on Keian ruddle (IG II² 1128)",
  "note": "Renamed Arsinoe as a Ptolemaic naval base; later merged with Ioulis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Strabo 10.5.6",
   "Pleiades 570370"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g567",
  "latin": "Ioulis",
  "greek": "Ἰουλίς",
  "other_names": "Kea Chora (Ioulida)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric occupation of the acropolis of Ioulis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis, home of Simonides and Bacchylides",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians from Athens (tradition, Hdt. 8.46)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.64047,
  "lon": 24.34044,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570314,
  "site": "Ioulida (Chora), Kea",
  "modern": "Ιουλίδα / Ioulida",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Chora of Kea / Tzia (Τζια); ancient name revived for the settlement",
  "ru_capital": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "muni_seat": "Kea",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Keian tetrapolis); coins; decrees; Hierocles (Hellas: Kea); see of Kea and Thermia (Notitiae)",
  "note": "One of the four poleis of Keos; absorbed Koresia in the Hellenistic period; medieval Chora of Kea on the same site. A medieval see of Kea is possible but unverified.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Strabo 10.5.6",
   "Hdt. 8.46",
   "Pleiades 570314"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g568",
  "latin": "Thermai (Ikaria)",
  "greek": "Θέρμαι",
  "other_names": "Therma; Asklepieis",
  "territory": "Samos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Ikaria",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Thermaioi en Ikaroi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Thermaioi en Ikaroi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Milesians? (uncertain)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.63559,
  "lon": 26.31959,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599976,
  "site": "Therma (Ikaria)",
  "modern": "Θέρμα / Therma",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Θέρμα < Θερμαί (hot springs)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Absorbed by Samos in the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Samos)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 599976"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g569",
  "latin": "Oinoe (Ikaria)",
  "greek": "Οἰνόη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Samos",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Ikaria",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Oinaioi en Ikaroi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Oinaioi en Ikaroi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Milesians? (uncertain)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.63082,
  "lon": 26.13824,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599836,
  "site": "Kampos (Ikaria)",
  "modern": "Κάμπος / Kampos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; decrees",
  "note": "Absorbed by Samos in the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Samos)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 599836"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g570",
  "latin": "Poiessa",
  "greek": "Ποιήεσσα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic remains and temple at the site",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis of the Keian tetrapolis",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.59949,
  "lon": 24.27799,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570623,
  "site": "Pisses (Kea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Keian tetrapolis (Strabo 10.5.6); inscriptions (IG XII 5); Hierocles? (Hellas: Ποιτοιοῦσα)",
  "note": "Merged with Karthaia in the Hellenistic period (Strabo 10.5.6).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Strabo 10.5.6",
   "Pleiades 570623"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g571",
  "latin": "Karthaia",
  "greek": "Καρθαία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement on the acropolis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic temple of Apollo (late 6th c.); Classical polis",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians from Athens (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.56107,
  "lon": 24.33046,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570333,
  "site": "Poles bay (Kea)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "prehistoric finds on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis (Keian tetrapolis); coins; decrees",
  "note": "Absorbed Poiessa in the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Strabo 10.5.6",
   "Pleiades 570333"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g572",
  "latin": "Tenos",
  "greek": "Τῆνος",
  "other_names": "Exobourgo/Xombourgo (Archaic city and Venetian kastro); Tinos",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Tinos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and cemetery at Xombourgo, continuing into the Archaic city",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis at Xombourgo; Tenians on the Serpent Column 479",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.5385,
  "lon": 25.1617,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590073,
  "site": "Tinos town (Chora) and Xombourgo hill (Tinos)",
  "modern": "Τήνος / Tinos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "town officially Τήνος (earlier Agios Nikolaos); Archaic city and Venetian kastro at Xombourgo",
  "ru_capital": "Tinos",
  "muni_seat": "Tinos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LBA remains at Xombourgo",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 553, 680, 787)",
  "note": "City moved from Xombourgo to the coast (modern Tinos town) in the 4th c. BC; Venetian capital back on Exobourgo 1207–1715. Treated as one city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 8.82",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 590073"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g573",
  "latin": "Mykonos (second polis)",
  "greek": "Μύκονος (δίπολις)",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Mykonos",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Ps.-Skylax 58 (c. 340): Mykonos a 'two-city' island; synoecism recorded in the calendar Syll.³ 1024 (c. 200 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Ps.-Skylax 58 (4th c.): Mykonos δίπολις",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 37.456,
  "lon": 25.392,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Ano Mera (Mykonos)?",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ps.-Skylax 58; IACP notes two poleis on Mykonos",
  "note": "Name and site unknown; merged into one Mykonian polis by the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 58"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g574",
  "latin": "Mykonos",
  "greek": "Μύκονος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Mykonos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic finds (7th-c. relief pithos) at the Chora",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Mykonioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.44596,
  "lon": 25.32862,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599807,
  "site": "Mykonos Chora (Mykonos)",
  "modern": "Μύκονος (Χώρα) / Mykonos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Mykonos",
  "muni_seat": "Mykonos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; decrees; Hierocles (Hellas)",
  "note": "Ps.-Skylax 58 calls Mykonos a 'two-city' island; the second polis is entered separately.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 58",
   "Pleiades 599807"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g575",
  "latin": "Syros",
  "greek": "Σύρος",
  "other_names": "Syrie (Od. 15.403); Ano Syros (medieval)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Syros",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Pherekydes of Syros (6th c.)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Syrioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.445,
  "lon": 24.942,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Ermoupoli harbour area (Syros)",
  "modern": "Ερμούπολη / Ermoupoli",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "founded 1820s by refugees as Ermoupoli; medieval town Ano Syros on the hill above",
  "ru_capital": "Syros",
  "muni_seat": "Syros-Ermoupoli",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "EBA Kastri/Chalandriani in the north, another site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins (Roman imperial)",
  "note": "Ancient city under Ermoupoli; the medieval Latin town was Ano Syros on the hill above. Ermoupoli itself is an 1820s foundation.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "ATL"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g576",
  "latin": "Kythnos",
  "greek": "Κύθνος",
  "other_names": "Vryokastro",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kea-Kythnos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic occupation at Vryokastro; Kythnians Dryopes (Hdt. 8.46)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Kythnians on the Serpent Column and at Salamis 480",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dryopes (tradition, Hdt. 8.46)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.40866,
  "lon": 24.39661,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570402,
  "site": "Vryokastro, near Merichas (Kythnos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles (Hellas); see of Kea and Thermia (Notitiae)",
  "note": "Medieval centre at Kastro tis Orias (a castle), not counted.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 8.46",
   "Pleiades 570402"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g696",
  "latin": "Rheneia",
  "greek": "Ῥήνεια",
  "other_names": "Rhenaia, Rhene; Rineia / Megali Dili (modern)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Cyclades",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Rhenaians assessed for tribute in 425/4 (IG I³ 71)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "Rhenaians listed as a tribute community, 425/4 (IG I³ 71)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.405,
  "lon": 25.235,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Rineia island (Mykonos municipality, Cyclades)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Athenian assessment of 425/4 (Rhenaians); island taken by Polycrates and dedicated to Delian Apollo (Thuc. 1.13, 3.104)",
  "note": "Small community beside the Delian necropolis and Apollo's estates; no later civic evidence (Delian sacred land in the Hellenistic period).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG I³ 71 (ML 69)",
   "Thuc. 1.13, 3.104",
   "Strabo 10.5.5"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g577",
  "latin": "Delos",
  "greek": "Δῆλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Mykonos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric cult and habitation around the Artemision (Ionian)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis of the Delians (dependent on Athens much of the Classical period)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.3997,
  "lon": 25.2678,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Delos (island, Mykonos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean settlement and graves under the sanctuary; EBA on Kynthos",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Delian decrees; independent 314–166 BC; Hierocles (Hellas: \"Δῆλος ἄδηλος\")",
  "note": "Polis until 166 BC, when Rome gave Delos to Athens and the Delians were expelled to Achaea; then an Athenian cleruchy and free port, sacked 88 and 69 BC; only a village in Late Antiquity.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Polyb. 30.20",
   "Strabo 10.5.4"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g739",
  "latin": "Chora of Patmos",
  "greek": "Πάτμος (Χώρα)",
  "other_names": "Patino (Italian); Batnos (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kalymnos",
  "greek_from": 1500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "lay town round the monastery grows after 1453 (Allotina quarter); a town of merchant captains by the 16th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1500,
  "city_from_text": "town of merchants and shipowners in the 16th–17th c.; Cretan refugee quarter (Kretika) after 1669",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.3089,
  "lon": 26.5469,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora around the monastery of St John (Patmos, Dodecanese)",
  "modern": "Πάτμος (Χώρα) / Patmos (Chora)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Πάτμος; called Χώρα",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Patmos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "dependent lay families of the monastery of St John (founded 1088)",
  "status_evidence": "island town; merchant fleet 16th–18th c.; Patmias School (1713); ~3,000–4,000 people in the 18th c.",
  "note": "The monastery itself is excluded; the Chora is the town. Earlier rejection (never a city or see before 1460) stands for the earlier periods.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Malamut 1988",
   "Georgirenes, Description of Samos, Nicaria, Patmos (1678)",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Πάτμος"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g578",
  "latin": "Leros",
  "greek": "Λέρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kalymnos",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Lerians in Phokylides' epigram; Milesian settlement (Hdt. 5.125)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": 553,
  "city_from_text": "bishop of Leros at Constantinople 553",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Milesians",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Miletos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 37.15804,
  "lon": 26.85466,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 599763,
  "site": "Platanos–Agia Marina (Leros)",
  "modern": "Πλάτανος / Platanos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "island name Leros continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Leros",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Milesian dependency (Classical–Hellenistic); see (bishops 553, 787)",
  "note": "Not an independent polis in antiquity (part of the Milesian state); counted as a Late Roman see.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hdt. 5.125",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 599763"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g579",
  "latin": "Seriphos",
  "greek": "Σέριφος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Milos",
  "greek_from": -490,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Seriphos in Pindar, Pyth. 12 (490 BC); Seriphians, Ionians from Athens, at Salamis (Hdt. 8.46, 48)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Seriphians at Salamis (Hdt. 8.46)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians from Athens (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.1557,
  "lon": 24.50621,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590043,
  "site": "Seriphos Chora (Seriphos)",
  "modern": "Σέριφος (Χώρα) / Serifos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "settlement officially Σέριφος",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Serifos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 8.46",
   "Pleiades 590043"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g580",
  "latin": "Naxos",
  "greek": "Νάξος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Naxos",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric settlement and cemeteries at Grotta–Aplomata, continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (7th-c. Naxian dedications on Delos)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians from Athens (tradition, Hdt. 8.46)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.10387,
  "lon": 25.37759,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599821,
  "site": "Naxos town (Chora), Grotta and Kastro (Naxos)",
  "modern": "Νάξος (Χώρα) / Naxos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Νάξος (vernacular Naxia)",
  "ru_capital": "Naxos",
  "muni_seat": "Naxos and Lesser Cyclades",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LH IIIC Mycenaean town at Grotta (no palace)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 451, 680); capital of the Latin Duchy of the Archipelago 1207",
  "note": "Medieval Kastro and Chora on the ancient site; capital of the Duchy of Naxos from 1207.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 5.28–34",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 599821"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g581",
  "latin": "Paros",
  "greek": "Πάρος",
  "other_names": "Paroikia (medieval/modern)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Paros",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement at Paroikia continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -709,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; co-founded Parion 709 and founded Thasos c. 680",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 37.08579,
  "lon": 25.15073,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599867,
  "site": "Paroikia (Paros)",
  "modern": "Παροικιά (Πάρος) / Paroikia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "settlement officially Πάρος; commonly Παροικιά, the medieval name",
  "ru_capital": "Paros",
  "muni_seat": "Paros",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EBA–Mycenaean settlement on the Kastro hill",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 431, 680)",
  "note": "Medieval town on the same site (Kastro of 1260).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Archilochus",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 599867"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g582",
  "latin": "Siphnos",
  "greek": "Σίφνος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Milos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic remains on the acropolis of Kastro",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "wealthy Archaic polis; Siphnian Treasury at Delphi c. 525 (Hdt. 3.57)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians from Athens (tradition, Hdt. 8.46)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.97482,
  "lon": 24.74507,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590048,
  "site": "Kastro (Siphnos)",
  "modern": "Κάστρο / Kastro",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval capital (Venetian Castello) on the ancient acropolis",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean citadel at Agios Andreas, another site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "Kastro remained the island's town through the Middle Ages (Latin lordship).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 3.57",
   "Pleiades 590048"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g583",
  "latin": "Kalymna",
  "greek": "Κάλυμνα",
  "other_names": "Kalydna (Il. 2.677 'Kalydnai islands'); Kalymnos",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kalymnos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "'Kalydnai islands' in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.677)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Kalydnians under Artemisia (Hdt. 7.99); ATL Kalydnioi",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Epidauros (Hdt. 7.99)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.9535,
  "lon": 26.979,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Pothia–Chorio–Damos (Kalymnos)",
  "modern": "Πόθια (Κάλυμνος) / Pothia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "town officially Κάλυμνος, commonly Pothia; medieval capital Chorio",
  "ru_capital": "Kalymnos",
  "muni_seat": "Kalymnos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; decrees (Tituli Calymnii)",
  "note": "Polis until its homopoliteia with Kos c. 205 BC; civic centre at the sanctuary of Apollo Dalios (Damos).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Hdt. 7.99",
   "Segre, Tituli Calymnii"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g584",
  "latin": "Aigiale",
  "greek": "Αἰγιάλη",
  "other_names": "Aigialos",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Naxos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement at Vigla",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "one of three Amorgian poleis (tradition); decrees from 4th c.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "uncertain (Naxians or Milesians)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.91893,
  "lon": 25.98021,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599476,
  "site": "Vigla near Tholaria (Amorgos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; decrees",
  "note": "Mother city disputed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "IG XII 7",
   "Pleiades 599476"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g585",
  "latin": "Kos",
  "greek": "Κῶς",
  "other_names": "Kos Meropis (earlier town, Thuc. 8.41); medieval Narangia",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kos",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric graves and settlement at the Serraglio (Kos Meropis); synoecism of 366 on the same site",
  "disputed": "Dated from the older town of Kos Meropis on the same site (c. 1000); the present city was founded in 366 BC.",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -411,
  "city_from_text": "Kos Meropis, unwalled polis sacked by the Spartans 412/1 (Thuc. 8.41); enlarged by the synoecism of 366 (Diod. 15.76)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Epidauros (tradition, Hdt. 7.99); synoecism of the Koans 366 BC",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.8936,
  "lon": 27.28991,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599728,
  "site": "Kos town (Kos)",
  "modern": "Κως / Kos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Κῶς throughout (Ital. Lango, Turk. İstanköy < εἰς τὴν Κῶ)",
  "ru_capital": "Kos",
  "muni_seat": "Kos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean settlement and Protogeometric–Geometric cemetery at the Serraglio",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Notitiae; bishop 1590 in list)",
  "note": "Kos Meropis (Thuc. 8.41) lay on this site (Sherwin-White); the 366 synoecism (Diod. 15.76) made it the city of all Koans. The older capital Astypalaia (Kefalos) is entered separately.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kos)",
   "Sherwin-White, Ancient Cos",
   "Diod. 15.76",
   "Pleiades 599728"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g697",
  "latin": "Keria (Keros)",
  "greek": "Κερία",
  "other_names": "Keros (modern island)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Cyclades",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Keria assessed for tribute in 425/4 (IG I³ 71)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "Keria listed as a tribute community, 425/4 (IG I³ 71)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.888,
  "lon": 25.648,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Keros island (Naxos and Small Cyclades, Cyclades)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Early Cycladic sanctuary at Kavos and settlement on Dhaskalio",
  "status_evidence": "Athenian assessment of 425/4 only",
  "note": "Known only from the assessment of 425/4 BC (identified with Keros by ATL); included as a community that paid tribute.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IG I³ 71 (ML 69)",
   "ATL I gazetteer"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g738",
  "latin": "Chora of Amorgos",
  "greek": "Αμοργός (Χώρα)",
  "other_names": "Amorgo (Venetian); Yamurgi (Ottoman); Kastro of Amorgos",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Naxos",
  "greek_from": 1290,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "castle-town of Chora built by Geremia Ghisi c. 1290; the island's chief settlement thereafter",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1290,
  "city_from_text": "capital of the Latin lordship of Amorgos (Ghisi, then Quirini/Grimani) and later of the Ottoman island community",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Geremia Ghisi (castle)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.8318,
  "lon": 25.8975,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora, below the Kastro rock (Amorgos, Cyclades)",
  "modern": "Αμοργός (Χώρα) / Amorgos (Chora)",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Αμοργός; called Χώρα",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Amorgos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Latin kastro-town and island capital from c. 1290; seat of the island's kodjabashis under Ottoman rule; Chozoviotissa monastery's town",
  "note": "A town before 1460, so it falls in period 6. Different site from Minoa (3.5 km) and Arkesine.",
  "decision": "Counted as the island's town and dated from its first record as a castle-town.",
  "sources": [
   "Slot, Archipelagus turbatus (1982)",
   "Tournefort, Relation d'un voyage du Levant (1717)",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Αμοργός"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g586",
  "latin": "Minoa (Amorgos)",
  "greek": "Μινῴα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Naxos",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement on the hill",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Samian colony under Semonides (7th c., tradition)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Samians under Semonides (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Samos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.82151,
  "lon": 25.86138,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599800,
  "site": "Mt Moundoulia above Katapola (Amorgos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; decrees; coins (Hellenistic)",
  "note": "Medieval Chora of Amorgos (Gozzadini/Ghisi castle) lies c. 3 km away and is not counted separately.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Suda s.v. Simmias",
   "IG XII 7",
   "Pleiades 599800"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g587",
  "latin": "Arkesine",
  "greek": "Ἀρκεσίνη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Naxos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic settlement on Kastri",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "one of three poleis on Amorgos (tradition of Semonides, Suda); decrees from 4th c.",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Naxians (dialect and cults; Suda credits Semonides)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Naxos",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.79936,
  "lon": 25.81174,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599517,
  "site": "Kastri near Arkesini (Amorgos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; decrees; coins (Hellenistic); Hierocles (Islands: Amorgos)",
  "note": "Late Roman 'Amorgos' of Hierocles refers to the island's community.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Suda s.v. Simmias",
   "IG XII 7",
   "Pleiades 599517"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g588",
  "latin": "Kimolos",
  "greek": "Κίμωλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Milos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic cemetery at Ellinika",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -340,
  "city_from_text": "polis in the Argive arbitration with Melos (c. 340, IG XII 3, 1259); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians? (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.78855,
  "lon": 24.52641,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589867,
  "site": "Ellinika / Agios Andreas (Kimolos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; arbitration decree",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "IG XII 3, 1259",
   "Pleiades 589867"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g589",
  "latin": "Astypalaia (Kos)",
  "greek": "Ἀστυπάλαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement; old city of the Koans (Strabo 14.2.19)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "the old polis of Kos before 366 BC (Strabo 14.2.19)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Epidauros (tradition, Hdt. 7.99)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.74699,
  "lon": 26.95877,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 599539,
  "site": "Palatia near Kefalos (Kos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP (Kos chapter); Strabo 14.2.19",
  "note": "Became a deme of Kos (Isthmos) after 366; its status as the Koan polis versus Kos Meropis is debated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Kos)",
   "Strabo 14.2.19",
   "Pleiades 599539"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g590",
  "latin": "Melos",
  "greek": "Μῆλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Milos",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Dorian settlement, Geometric; Melians claimed 700 years of independence in 416 (Thuc. 5.112)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; Melians at Salamis 480",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Lacedaemonians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "Sparta (tradition)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.74386,
  "lon": 24.42328,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 570474,
  "site": "Klima–Trypiti (Milos)",
  "modern": "Τρυπητή / Trypiti",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "island name Milos continuous; capital Plaka ~1 km above",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "Bronze Age town of Phylakopi lies c. 7 km away",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (bishops 680, 787)",
  "note": "Destroyed by Athens 416/5 and resettled by Athenian colonists; Melians restored by Lysander 405. Medieval Kastro (Plaka) on the adjoining height.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Thuc. 5.84–116",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 570474"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g591",
  "latin": "Ios",
  "greek": "Ἴος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement under the Chora; Ionian island",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Ietai in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Ionians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Ionians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.72313,
  "lon": 25.28259,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599672,
  "site": "Ios Chora (Ios)",
  "modern": "Ίος (Χώρα) / Ios",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Ίος (vernacular Νιό)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Ios",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "ATL",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 599672"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g741",
  "latin": "Zefyria (Chora of Milos)",
  "greek": "Χώρα (Μήλος)",
  "other_names": "Zefyria (modern); Palaiochora; the 'town of Milo' of travellers; Değirmenlik (Ottoman name of the island)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Milos",
  "greek_from": 1600,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "the island's chief town ('Milo', 'Chora') in 17th-c. travellers and island documents",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1600,
  "city_from_text": "chief town of Ottoman Milos until abandoned in the 1790s",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.713,
  "lon": 24.472,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Zefyria, in the plain SE of Adamas (Milos, Cyclades)",
  "modern": "Ζεφυρία / Zefyria",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "Chora of Milos; renamed after Zephyria, an ancient name of the island",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "chief town of Milos (island >6,000 people c. 1700); reportedly seat of the Orthodox bishop (Panagia Portiani); abandoned for bad air/epidemic c. 1793 (island <500 in 1798)",
  "note": "Separate site c. 3–4 km SE of ancient Melos (Klima–Trypiti) and the Venetian Kastro (Plaka). Date of first attestation approximate.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Tournefort, Relation d'un voyage du Levant (1717), Milo",
   "Slot, Archipelagus turbatus (1982)",
   "Wikipedia s.v. Milos (population 1700–1821)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g592",
  "latin": "Sikinos",
  "greek": "Σίκινος",
  "other_names": "Oinoe (old name, Pliny)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Sikinetai in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Sikinetai in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "ion",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.66161,
  "lon": 25.08911,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 590046,
  "site": "Sikinos (Palaiokastro / Episkopi area)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 590046"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g593",
  "latin": "Pholegandros",
  "greek": "Φολέγανδρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": -425,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Pholegandrioi in the Athenian assessment of 425",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -425,
  "city_from_text": "Pholegandrioi in the Athenian assessment of 425",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.62656,
  "lon": 24.91986,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589995,
  "site": "Kastro (Chora) of Pholegandros",
  "modern": "Φολέγανδρος (Χώρα) / Folegandros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Φολέγανδρος",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Folegandros",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL (A9, 425); decrees",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "IG I³ 71",
   "Pleiades 589995"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g594",
  "latin": "Syme",
  "greek": "Σύμη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Nireus of Syme in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.671)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Symaioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.61839,
  "lon": 27.84342,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599950,
  "site": "Chorio/Kastro (Symi)",
  "modern": "Σύμη / Symi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Symi",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Incorporated into the Rhodian state (Hellenistic).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Il. 2.671",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 599950"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g595",
  "latin": "Nisyros",
  "greek": "Νίσυρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Nisyros in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.676)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Nisyrioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Epidauros (Hdt. 7.99) / Koans (Diod. 5.54)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.606,
  "lon": 27.13019,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599829,
  "site": "Mandraki / Palaiokastro (Nisyros)",
  "modern": "Μανδράκι / Mandraki",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "island name Nisyros continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Nisyros",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; decrees",
  "note": "Rhodian possession from c. 200 BC; medieval Mandraki under the Knights' castle.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Il. 2.676",
   "Hdt. 7.99",
   "Pleiades 599829"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g596",
  "latin": "Astypalaia",
  "greek": "Ἀστυπάλαια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Kalymnos",
  "greek_from": -750,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric burials (Kylindra infant cemetery) and settlement",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Astypalaieis in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Megarians (tradition, Ps.-Skymnos 551)",
  "founder_group": "colonists",
  "metropolis": "Megara (tradition)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.54737,
  "lon": 26.35142,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599535,
  "site": "Astypalaia Chora (Astypalaia)",
  "modern": "Αστυπάλαια (Χώρα) / Astypalaia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Αστυπάλαια (vernacular Αστροπαλιά, Ital. Stampalia)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Astypalaia",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins; treaty with Rome 105 BC; Hierocles",
  "note": "Free city with a treaty with Rome (105 BC); medieval Chora under the Querini castle (1413) on the same site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Ps.-Skymnos (Megarian colony)",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 599535"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g597",
  "latin": "Telos",
  "greek": "Τῆλος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -688,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "a Telian took part in founding Gela, 688 (Hdt. 7.153)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis with coins and decrees; Erinna of Telos",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.46394,
  "lon": 27.33873,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599960,
  "site": "Megalo Chorio (Tilos)",
  "modern": "Μεγάλο Χωριό / Megalo Chorio",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "island name Tilos continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Tilos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins (4th c.); decrees",
  "note": "Rhodian dependency from the 3rd c. BC.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Hdt. 7.153",
   "Pleiades 599960"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g598",
  "latin": "Rhodes",
  "greek": "Ῥόδος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -408,
  "date_kind": "foundation",
  "greek_from_text": "synoecism of Lindos, Ialysos and Kameiros, 408/7 BC (Diod. 13.75)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "ancient foundation date",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -408,
  "city_from_text": "synoecism of Lindos, Ialysos and Kameiros, 408/7 BC (Diod. 13.75)",
  "origin": "new foundation by a Greek state",
  "founder": "Lindos, Ialysos and Kameiros (synoecism)",
  "founder_group": "Greek state or league",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.44311,
  "lon": 28.22761,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590030,
  "site": "Rhodes city (Rhodes)",
  "modern": "Ρόδος / Rodos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Rhodes",
  "muni_seat": "Rhodes",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles (metropolis of the Islands); see (bishops 325–1439)",
  "note": "Medieval city; Knights Hospitaller capital 1309–1522.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Rhodes)",
   "Diod. 13.75",
   "Strabo 14.2.9",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 590030"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g599",
  "latin": "Skaros (Thera)",
  "greek": "Σκάρος",
  "other_names": "Kastro of Santorini; Pyrgos (later)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": 1250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Latin kastro and town of the Venetian lords of Santorini, 13th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1250,
  "city_from_text": "Latin kastro and town of the Venetian lords of Santorini, 13th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Venetian lords (Barozzi/Sanudo)",
  "founder_group": "Latins",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.4325,
  "lon": 25.4207,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Skaros rock at Imerovigli (Santorini)",
  "modern": "Ημεροβίγλι / Imerovigli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "medieval Skaros (Venetian capital of Santorini) abandoned in the 18th c.",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval capital of Santorini; seat of the Latin bishop",
  "note": "Medieval successor of ancient Thera on a different site; civic status rests on its role as capital and see.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ODB s.v. Thera",
   "Slot, Archipelagus turbatus"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g740",
  "latin": "Fira",
  "greek": "Φηρά",
  "other_names": "Phira; Thira (official name of the town)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": 1790,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "grows in the later 18th c. as the people of Skaros move down; Santorini's chief settlement by c. 1800",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1790,
  "city_from_text": "succeeds Skaros as the island's main town; later seat of both bishops (cathedrals of the 1820s)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.4167,
  "lon": 25.4317,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Fira on the caldera rim (Thira, Cyclades)",
  "modern": "Φηρά (Θήρα) / Fira",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "officially Θήρα, called Φηρά",
  "ru_capital": "Thira",
  "muni_seat": "Thira",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "successor of Skaros (Latin capital and see); later seat of the Orthodox metropolitan and the Catholic bishop",
  "note": "Separate site c. 2 km S of the Skaros rock. Its standing before 1821 is poorly documented; if its notables and bishop settled there only in the 1820s, it would be a town of the Greek state and fall out.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Tournefort, Relation d'un voyage du Levant (1717), Santorini",
   "Slot, Archipelagus turbatus (1982)",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Θήρα"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g600",
  "latin": "Ialysos",
  "greek": "Ἰαλυσός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -950,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric burials and settlement",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis of the Dorian Hexapolis; in Il. 2.656",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Argos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.399,
  "lon": 28.143,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589815,
  "site": "Philerimos and Ialysos (Rhodes)",
  "modern": "Ιαλυσός / Ialysos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Trianta (Τριάντα) until renamed Ialysos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan and Mycenaean settlement at Trianda; LH III chamber tombs (no palace)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins (pre-408); decrees",
  "note": "Medieval Philerimos was a fortress and monastery, not a town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Rhodes)",
   "Il. 2.656",
   "Pleiades 589815"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g601",
  "latin": "Thera",
  "greek": "Θήρα",
  "other_names": "Kalliste (mythical)",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": -850,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric cemeteries at Sellada; Dorian settlement under Theras (Hdt. 4.147–149)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -631,
  "city_from_text": "polis that founded Cyrene c. 631 BC (Hdt. 4.150–158)",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Theras with Lacedaemonians and Minyans (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "Sparta (tradition)",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.36328,
  "lon": 25.47843,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 599971,
  "site": "Mesa Vouno (Santorini)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "no known",
  "pre_note": "island deserted after the LBA eruption; Akrotiri on another site",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Ptolemaic base; Hierocles; see (bishops 680, 692)",
  "note": "Medieval town moved to Skaros/Pyrgos (see Skaros).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "Hdt. 4.147–158",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 599971"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g602",
  "latin": "Anaphe",
  "greek": "Ἀνάφη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Cyclades",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Thira",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement at Kastelli; Doric dialect",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Anaphaioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.35912,
  "lon": 25.79968,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 599491,
  "site": "Kastelli (Anafi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; decrees; coins",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Cyclades)",
   "IG XII 3",
   "Pleiades 599491"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g603",
  "latin": "Kameiros",
  "greek": "Κάμειρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and sanctuary of Athena",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis of the Dorian Hexapolis; in Il. 2.656",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Argos (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.33612,
  "lon": 27.92124,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589836,
  "site": "Kameiros (Rhodes)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Mycenaean cemeteries in the territory",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins (pre-408); decrees",
  "note": "Declined after Roman times.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Rhodes)",
   "Il. 2.656",
   "Pleiades 589836"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g604",
  "latin": "Chalke",
  "greek": "Χάλκη",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Chalkeatai in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Chalkeatai in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 36.22424,
  "lon": 27.61897,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589741,
  "site": "Chorio/Kastro (Chalki)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "Chorio, the medieval village under the castle, abandoned",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; decrees",
  "note": "Incorporated into the Rhodian state (Hellenistic).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 589741"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g743",
  "latin": "Kastellorizo",
  "greek": "Καστελλόριζο",
  "other_names": "Castel Rosso / Castelrosso (Italian); Meis (Ottoman); Megisti (official)",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "harbour town below the castle grows into a Greek shipping community in the 18th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "trading and ship-owning community of the Lycian coast by the late 18th c.",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 36.148,
  "lon": 29.5935,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "harbour town below the Knights' castle (Megisti, Dodecanese)",
  "modern": "Μεγίστη (Καστελλόριζο) / Kastellorizo",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "officially Μεγίστη (ancient name), commonly Καστελλόριζο",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Megisti",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "castle settlement under the Knights (1306–1440) and Aragon (1450–1512); Ottoman from 1512",
  "status_evidence": "merchant ships and Levant trade; c. 4,900 people in the 1880s; joined the Greek insurgents 1828–33",
  "note": "Its size and urban functions before 1821 are not documented in the sources checked; its heyday was in the 19th century. Ancient Megiste was not a polis.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Wikipedia s.v. Kastellorizo",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Καστελλόριζο"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g605",
  "latin": "Lindos",
  "greek": "Λίνδος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Rhodes",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric sanctuary of Athena Lindia and settlement",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -688,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis; co-founded Gela 688 (Thuc. 6.4); in Il. 2.656",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians from Argos (tradition; Tlepolemos)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 36.0913,
  "lon": 28.0883,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589913,
  "site": "Lindos (Rhodes)",
  "modern": "Λίνδος / Lindos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic–LBA finds on the acropolis",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; coins (pre-408); decrees; Hellenistic civic body within the Rhodian state",
  "note": "Kept its own civic institutions after the synoecism of 408; medieval town under the Knights' castle on the same site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Rhodes)",
   "Il. 2.653–656",
   "Lindian Chronicle",
   "Pleiades 589913"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g606",
  "latin": "Brykous",
  "greek": "Βρυκοῦς",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Karpathos",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Brykountioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Brykountioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.799,
  "lon": 27.166,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589739,
  "site": "Vroukounda (northern Karpathos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "Tribute-list attestation unconfirmed.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "ATL",
   "Pleiades 589739"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g742",
  "latin": "Aperi",
  "greek": "Απέρι",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Karpathos",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "residence of the bishop of Karpathos and Kasos and chief place of the island under Ottoman rule",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "see of Karpathos resides at Aperi (until moved to Pigadia in the late 19th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.549,
  "lon": 27.174,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Aperi, inland NW of Pigadia (Karpathos, Dodecanese)",
  "modern": "Απέρι / Aperi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "seat of the Orthodox bishop (later metropolitan) of Karpathos and Kasos; island capital in the Ottoman period",
  "note": "Qualifies as a see seat; when the bishop first resided there is not known to me (century estimate). Separate from listed Karpathos/Poseidion (Pigadia), c. 5 km.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Κάρπαθος",
   "Μητρόπολη Καρπάθου και Κάσου (history of the see)"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g607",
  "latin": "Karpathos (Poseidion)",
  "greek": "Κάρπαθος / Ποσείδιον",
  "other_names": "Potidaion; Krapathos (Il. 2.676); Pigadia",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Karpathos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Krapathos in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.676)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Karpathian community in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.50658,
  "lon": 27.21271,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590010,
  "site": "Pigadia (Karpathos)",
  "modern": "Πηγάδια (Κάρπαθος) / Pigadia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "town officially Κάρπαθος, commonly Pigadia; ancient Poseidion/Potidaion",
  "ru_capital": "Karpathos",
  "muni_seat": "Karpathos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL; decrees; see (Notitiae; bishop 1590 in list)",
  "note": "Ps.-Skylax 99 calls Karpathos a three-city island, Strabo 10.5.17 a tetrapolis (one city called Nisyros, unlocated). Medieval see of Karpathos attached here.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Strabo 10.5.17",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 590010"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g608",
  "latin": "Arkaseia",
  "greek": "Ἀρκάσεια",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Karpathos",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Karpathos a three-city island (Ps.-Skylax 99)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "Karpathos a three-city island (Ps.-Skylax 99)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.47757,
  "lon": 27.12044,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589711,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Arkasa (Karpathos)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "village Arkasa nearby keeps the name",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax; Hellenistic decrees",
  "note": "Early Christian basilicas show a Late Roman town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 99",
   "Pleiades 589711"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g609",
  "latin": "Kasos",
  "greek": "Κάσος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "the Dodecanese",
  "region9": "Aegean Islands",
  "regional_unit": "Karpathos",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Kasos in the Catalogue of Ships (Il. 2.676)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "period",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "Kasioi in the Athenian tribute lists",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Dorians (dialect)",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.42131,
  "lon": 26.91066,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589845,
  "site": "Poli (Kasos)",
  "modern": "Πόλι / Poli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "“the city”; island name Kasos continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ATL",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Dodecanese)",
   "Il. 2.676",
   "Pleiades 589845"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g610",
  "latin": "Kydonia",
  "greek": "Κυδωνία",
  "other_names": "Chania; Canea / La Canea (Venetian); al-Khaniya",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -1300,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean centre: Linear B tablets and inscribed stirrup jars at Kastelli (LM IIIA–B)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -524,
  "city_from_text": "polis by late 6th c.: Samian exiles settle, then Aeginetans take it c. 524-519 (Hdt. 3.44, 3.59)",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ku-do-ni-ja (Knossos tablets; also Linear B tablets from Chania-Kastelli)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.5158,
  "lon": 24.0187,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589886,
  "site": "Kastelli hill, Chania (Chania, Chania)",
  "modern": "Χανιά / Chania",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "ancient Kydonia; Chania (La Canea) since the Middle Ages",
  "ru_capital": "Chania",
  "muni_seat": "Chania",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan town on Kastelli hill (LM I)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (Quinisext 692, Nicaea 787); Venetian city La Canea from 1252, Latin see",
  "note": "Samian (c. 524) and Aeginetan (c. 519) settlers joined an existing town; medieval Chania stands on the same site.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Hdt. 3.44, 3.59",
   "Hallager, Greek-Swedish Excavations at Chania",
   "Pleiades 589886"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g611",
  "latin": "Phalasarna",
  "greek": "Φαλάσαρνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical town; earlier Archaic finds",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -340,
  "city_from_text": "polis with a closed harbour in Ps.-Skylax 47 (c. 340 BC); coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.511,
  "lon": 23.5701,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589989,
  "site": "Phalasarna (Kissamos, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan finds",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Ps.-Skylax; coins; treaties",
  "note": "Destroyed by Rome c. 69-67 BC (pirate base); harbour now uplifted and dry.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Ps.-Skylax 47",
   "Hadjidaki, Phalasarna excavations",
   "Pleiades 589989"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g613",
  "latin": "Kisamos",
  "greek": "Κίσαμος",
  "other_names": "Cisamus; Kastelli Kissamou; Castel Chissamo (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic port town of Polyrrhenia",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 100,
  "city_from_text": "independent Roman city (Ptolemy, Tab. Peut.); Hierocles; see 692",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.4953,
  "lon": 23.6607,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589870,
  "site": "Kissamos (Kastelli) (Kissamos, Chania)",
  "modern": "Κίσσαμος / Kissamos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "town known as Kastelli (Kissamou), Castel Chissamo; the name Kissamos lived on as the name of the district and see",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Kissamos",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan finds",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Hierocles; see (Quinisext 692, Nicaea 787); Venetian Latin see",
  "note": "Port of Polyrrhenia (Strabo 10.4.13) that became the Roman city of the region.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.4.13",
   "Hierocles",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589870"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g614",
  "latin": "Polichna",
  "greek": "Πολίχνα",
  "other_names": "Polichnitai (Πολιχνῖται)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -480,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Polichnitai named by Hdt. 7.170",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -429,
  "city_from_text": "at war with Kydonia, 429 BC (Thuc. 2.85)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.4871,
  "lon": 23.8956,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 590000,
  "site": "near Kydonia, exact site unknown (Pleiades: near Kolymbari, Platanias)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt.; Thuc.",
  "note": "Herodotus excepts Polichnitai and Praisians from the Cretans of the Sicilian expedition, which may imply a non-Dorian community; site disputed.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Hdt. 7.170",
   "Thuc. 2.85",
   "Pleiades 590000"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g615",
  "latin": "Aptera",
  "greek": "Ἄπτερα",
  "other_names": "Aptara (Ἄπταρα)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric–Archaic cemeteries and settlement on the plateau",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); coins from 4th c. BC",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "a-pa-ta-wa (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.4627,
  "lon": 24.1414,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589704,
  "site": "Palaiokastro, Megala Chorafia (Apokoronas, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan/LM III remains; a-pa-ta-wa in Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hellenistic treaties; Roman city; Hierocles",
  "note": "Its harbour Kisamos (at Kalami) was a dependency, not a city.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Strabo 10.4.13",
   "Pleiades 589704"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g616",
  "latin": "Polyrrhenia",
  "greek": "Πολυρρήνια",
  "other_names": "Polyrrhen (Πολυρρήν)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic settlement on the acropolis (approximate)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); coins from 4th c. BC",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Achaeans and Laconians (tradition, Strabo 10.4.13)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.4586,
  "lon": 23.6564,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590003,
  "site": "Polyrrinia (Kissamos, Chania)",
  "modern": "Πολυρρήνια / Polyrrinia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "the village was renamed after the ancient city; earlier name not given",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hellenistic treaties; Roman city",
  "note": "Strabo: Achaeans and Laconians synoecized and walled it; no single mother city named. Later eclipsed by its port Kisamos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Strabo 10.4.13",
   "Pleiades 590003"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g617",
  "latin": "Aulopotamos",
  "greek": "Αὐλοπόταμος",
  "other_names": "Mylopotamos; Milopotamo (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": 1000,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "medieval see of Aulopotamos (after the reconquest of 961)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 1000,
  "city_from_text": "medieval see of Aulopotamos (after the reconquest of 961)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 35.4182,
  "lon": 24.6906,
  "loc_certainty": "region only",
  "pleiades": 589974,
  "site": "Mylopotamos valley; seat perhaps Panormos (Mylopotamos, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the district name Mylopotamos continues Aulopotamos",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "medieval see (Notitiae); Latin see Milopotamo under Venice",
  "note": "Seat and first date of the see are uncertain; Panormos had an Early Christian basilica.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Tsougarakis 1988",
   "Pleiades 589974"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g618",
  "latin": "Kytaion",
  "greek": "Κύταιον",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (Kytaians in inscriptions); Pliny, Ptolemy",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ku-ta-to? (Knossos tablets; identification doubtful)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.4078,
  "lon": 24.8784,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589889,
  "site": "Palaiokastro near Rogdia (Malevizi, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic inscriptions; Pliny 4.59; Ptolemy",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Pliny NH 4.59",
   "Pleiades 589889"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g619",
  "latin": "Apollonia (Crete)",
  "greek": "Ἀπολλωνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town at Agia Pelagia",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (Apolloniatai in treaties)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.4049,
  "lon": 25.0185,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589696,
  "site": "Agia Pelagia (Malevizi, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Αγία Πελαγία / Agia Pelagia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic treaties; Polyb. 28.14",
  "note": "Destroyed by Kydonia c. 171 BC (Polyb. 28.14); site at Agia Pelagia probable.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Polyb. 28.14",
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Pleiades 589696"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g620",
  "latin": "Keraia",
  "greek": "Κεραία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic coins (ΚΕΡΑΙΤΑΝ) and treaties",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic coins (ΚΕΡΑΙΤΑΝ) and treaties",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.4046,
  "lon": 23.963,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589863,
  "site": "west of Chania, exact site uncertain (Platanias, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "Hellenistic polis of west Crete; location not fixed.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Pleiades 589863"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g621",
  "latin": "Allaria",
  "greek": "Ἀλλαρία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins ΑΛΛΑΡΙΩΤΑΝ; treaty with Paros (c. 200 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "coins ΑΛΛΑΡΙΩΤΑΝ; treaty with Paros (c. 200 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.3764,
  "lon": 24.5998,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589679,
  "site": "unlocated, central-north Crete (Pleiades: near Stavromenos, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "Site unknown.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Pleiades 589679"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g622",
  "latin": "Rhithymna",
  "greek": "Ῥίθυμνα",
  "other_names": "Rethymno; Rettimo (Venetian); Arsinoe? (Pleiades)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis; coins ΡΙΘΥΜΝΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis; coins ΡΙΘΥΜΝΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3711,
  "lon": 24.4729,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590028,
  "site": "Rethymno (Rethymno, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "Ρέθυμνο / Rethymno",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Rethymno",
  "muni_seat": "Rethymno",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM III cemetery at Mastampas",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Ptolemy; Pliny; Venetian town Rettimo (seat of a rector)",
  "note": "Pleiades equates it with a Ptolemaic Arsinoe; if so, a renaming, not a new city. Medieval Rethymno is the same town.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Pleiades 590028",
   "Cohen, Hellenistic Settlements in Europe"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g623",
  "latin": "Chandax",
  "greek": "Χάνδαξ",
  "other_names": "Candia (Venetian); Rabd al-Khandaq (Arab); Heraklion (modern); ancient Herakleion, port of Knossos",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": 961,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "reconquest by Nikephoros Phokas (961); seat of the strategos of Crete",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "period": 6,
  "city_from": 961,
  "city_from_text": "city and capital of the theme of Crete; Venetian capital Candia from 1211, Latin archbishopric",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "Andalusi Arabs (c. 827); retaken by Nikephoros Phokas 961",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "med",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3375,
  "lon": 25.1333,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589802,
  "site": "Heraklion (Heraklion, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Ηράκλειο / Irakleio",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Chandax/Candia/Kastro; the ancient name of the Knossos port, Herakleion, was revived in the 19th c. (in local use by 1867) and became general under the Cretan State (1898–1908)",
  "ru_capital": "Heraklion",
  "muni_seat": "Heraklion",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan finds; ancient Herakleion, harbour of Knossos (Strabo 10.4.7); Arab capital 827-961",
  "status_evidence": "capital of the theme of Crete; Orthodox metropolis of Crete; Venetian capital; Latin see (Florence 1439)",
  "note": "Ancient Herakleion was only the port of Knossos; the city is dated from 961. The Arab town (c. 827–961) presumably kept Greek-speaking inhabitants.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Theophanes Continuatus / Leo the Deacon on 961",
   "Tsougarakis 1988",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589802"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g624",
  "latin": "Eleutherna",
  "greek": "Ἐλεύθερνα",
  "other_names": "Apollonia (Steph. Byz.)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Orthi Petra cemetery from the 9th c. BC; settlement continuous",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic laws and inscriptions (6th c. BC)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3331,
  "lon": 24.6729,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589772,
  "site": "Archaia Eleftherna (Rethymno, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "Αρχαία Ελεύθερνα / Archaia Eleftherna",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "the neighbouring village of Eleftherna kept the name; the \"Archaia\" prefix is modern",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan and LM III settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (451, 787)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Stampolidis, Eleutherna",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589772"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g625",
  "latin": "Kantanos",
  "greek": "Κάντανος",
  "other_names": "Cantanus",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic settlement",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 120,
  "city_from_text": "Roman civic inscriptions (boule and demos, 2nd c. AD); Hierocles; see 680",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3303,
  "lon": 23.7384,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589838,
  "site": "Kantanos (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "Κάντανος / Kantanos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Roman civic inscriptions; Hierocles; see (Constantinople 680-81, Nicaea 787)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Hierocles",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589838"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g626",
  "latin": "Chersonesos",
  "greek": "Χερσόνησος",
  "other_names": "Chersonasos (Χερσόνασος); Hersonissos",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "port of Lyttos; coins ΧΕΡΣΟΝΑΣΙΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "port of Lyttos; coins ΧΕΡΣΟΝΑΣΙΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3192,
  "lon": 25.3886,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589744,
  "site": "Limenas Chersonisou (Hersonissos, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Λιμένας Χερσονήσου / Limenas Chersonisou",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis(?); coins; Roman city; Hierocles; see (431, 692, 787); Latin see under Venice",
  "note": "Harbour of Lyttos with the sanctuary of Britomartis (Strabo 10.4.14), independent by the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.4.14",
   "Hierocles",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589744"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g627",
  "latin": "Milatos",
  "greek": "Μίλατος",
  "other_names": "Miletos (Μίλητος, Homer)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.647)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.647)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.3174,
  "lon": 25.5787,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589932,
  "site": "Milatos (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Μίλατος / Milatos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan and LM III cemeteries",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Homer; Hellenistic treaty",
  "note": "Destroyed by Lyttos (Strabo 10.4.14); tradition makes it the mother city of Ionian Miletus (Ephorus).",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Il. 2.647",
   "Strabo 10.4.14",
   "Pleiades 589932"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g628",
  "latin": "Axos",
  "greek": "Ἄξος",
  "other_names": "Oaxos (Ὄαξος), Waxos (Ϝάξος)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and sanctuary on the acropolis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -630,
  "city_from_text": "Etearchos king of Oaxos (Hdt. 4.154); Archaic laws",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.308,
  "lon": 24.8441,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590095,
  "site": "Axos (Mylopotamos, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "Αξός / Axos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM III remains",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Archaic laws; coins; Hierocles (Oaxos)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Hdt. 4.154",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 590095"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g629",
  "latin": "Tylissos",
  "greek": "Τύλισος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -450,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "treaty of Argos with Knossos and Tylissos, c. 450 BC (ML 42)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "treaty of Argos with Knossos and Tylissos, c. 450 BC (ML 42)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "tu-ri-so (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2985,
  "lon": 25.0203,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590084,
  "site": "Tylisos (Malevizi, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Τύλισος / Tylisos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan villas; tu-ri-so in Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; ML 42; coins",
  "note": "Argive links in ML 42; absorbed by Knossos in the Hellenistic period.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Meiggs-Lewis 42",
   "Pleiades 590084"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g630",
  "latin": "Knossos",
  "greek": "Κνωσός",
  "other_names": "Cnossus; Colonia Iulia Nobilis Cnosus",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -1400,
  "date_kind": "palace",
  "greek_from_text": "Mycenaean palace with Linear B archive (LM II–IIIA, c. 1450-1370 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "Linear B or palace",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homer's 'great city' (Od. 19.178); Archaic polis",
  "origin": "Mycenaean",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "Mycenaeans",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ko-no-so (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2978,
  "lon": 25.1631,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589872,
  "site": "Knossos (Kephala and Makritichos), south of Heraklion (Heraklion, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic tell and Minoan palace",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Roman colony (c. 27 BC); Hierocles; see (431, 451, 787)",
  "note": "Dorian settlement tradition (Althaimenes of Argos, Strabo 10.4.18); declines after the Arab conquest (827-28), succeeded by Chandax.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Ventris & Chadwick, Documents in Mycenaean Greek",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589872"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g631",
  "latin": "Elyros",
  "greek": "Ἔλυρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "bronze goat dedicated by Elyros at Delphi (Paus. 10.16.5)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); coins",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2875,
  "lon": 23.7946,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589775,
  "site": "Kefala hill above Rodovani (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "Ροδοβάνι / Rodovani",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Oreioi koinon; Hierocles",
  "note": "Leading city of the Oreioi in SW Crete; its ports were Syia and Lisos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Paus. 10.16.5",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589775"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g632",
  "latin": "Lappa",
  "greek": "Λάππα",
  "other_names": "Lampe (Λάμπη), Lampai (Hierocles)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΛΑΠΠΑΙΩΝ",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΛΑΠΠΑΙΩΝ",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2866,
  "lon": 24.3361,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589894,
  "site": "Argyroupoli (Rethymno, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "Αργυρούπολη / Argyroupoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties; Roman city; Hierocles; see (431, 451, 680, 787)",
  "note": "Territory reached the south coast (Strabo 10.4.3); favoured by Augustus.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Strabo 10.4.3",
   "Hierocles",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589894"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g633",
  "latin": "Hyrtakina",
  "greek": "Ὑρτακίνα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins ΥΡΤΑΚΙΝΙΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "coins ΥΡΤΑΚΙΝΙΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2742,
  "lon": 23.7364,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589813,
  "site": "Kastri hill near Temenia (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis(?); coins; Oreioi koinon; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Pleiades 589813"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g634",
  "latin": "Itanos",
  "greek": "Ἴτανος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -630,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic Greek inscriptions; Korobios of Itanos (Hdt. 4.151, c. 630 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "coins from the mid-5th c. BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "u-ta-no? (Knossos tablets; identification doubtful)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2633,
  "lon": 26.263,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589824,
  "site": "Erimoupoli (Sitia, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM and Geometric settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Ptolemaic base; Itanian oath; Early Christian basilicas",
  "note": "In the Eteocretan east but Greek-writing from the Archaic period; Stephanus gives a Phoenician eponym.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Hdt. 4.151",
   "Spyridakis, Ptolemaic Itanos",
   "Pleiades 589824"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g635",
  "latin": "Sybrita",
  "greek": "Σύβριτα",
  "other_names": "Soubritos (Hierocles)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Rethymno",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "LM IIIC–Geometric settlement at Kefala continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis; coins (4th c. BC)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "su-ki-ri-ta (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2594,
  "lon": 24.6401,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590063,
  "site": "Kefala, Thronos (Amari, Rethymno)",
  "modern": "Θρόνος / Thronos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM IIIC settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hierocles; see (451, 787)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 590063"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g636",
  "latin": "Olous",
  "greek": "Ὀλοῦς",
  "other_names": "Elounda; Allyngos? (Hierocles)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins ΟΛΟΝΤΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "coins ΟΛΟΝΤΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2577,
  "lon": 25.7388,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589959,
  "site": "Poros, Elounda (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Ελούντα / Elounda",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Elounda < accusative Ὀλοῦντα",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis(?); coins; treaties with Lato and Rhodes; Early Christian basilica; Hierocles? (Crete: Allyngos, if = Olous)",
  "note": "Partly submerged. Hierocles' 'Allyngos' is sometimes taken as Olous (uncertain).",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589959"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g637",
  "latin": "Dreros",
  "greek": "Δρῆρος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement and temple of Apollo Delphinios (8th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "law of Dreros, 'thus it pleased the polis' (c. 650-600 BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "two Archaic inscriptions in Eteocretan (non-Greek) beside Greek laws",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2572,
  "lon": 25.6276,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589767,
  "site": "Agios Antonios hill near Neapoli (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; earliest Greek law on stone; Hellenistic oath of the Drerians",
  "note": "Eteocretan texts show a non-Greek element, but the polis wrote its laws in Greek from c. 650 BC; treated as a Greek town.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Meiggs-Lewis 2",
   "Duhoux, L'étéocrétois",
   "Pleiades 589767"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g638",
  "latin": "Syia",
  "greek": "Συία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic port of Elyros",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis of the Oreioi; Roman town",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.252,
  "lon": 23.8139,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590064,
  "site": "Sougia (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "Σούγια / Sougia",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Oreioi koinon; Stephanus polis; Roman town with basilica",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Stadiasmus Maris Magni",
   "Pleiades 590064"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g639",
  "latin": "Poikilassos",
  "greek": "Ποικιλασσός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "member city of the Oreioi koinon (3rd c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.2422,
  "lon": 23.8791,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589999,
  "site": "Trypiti, east of Sougia (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Oreioi koinon; Hellenistic inscriptions",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Pleiades 589999"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g640",
  "latin": "Lisos",
  "greek": "Λισός",
  "other_names": "Lissos",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town with Asklepieion; coins ΛΙΣΙΩΝ",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town with Asklepieion; coins ΛΙΣΙΩΝ",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2406,
  "lon": 23.7866,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589914,
  "site": "Lissos bay, west of Sougia (Kantanos-Selino, Chania)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Oreioi koinon; Hellenistic treaties; Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589914"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g641",
  "latin": "Eltynia",
  "greek": "Ἐλτυνία",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -550,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic law of the Eltynians (6th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -550,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic law of the Eltynians (6th c. BC)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2384,
  "lon": 25.1853,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589774,
  "site": "Kounavoi (Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Κουνάβοι / Kounavoi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Archaic laws; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Pleiades 589774"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g642",
  "latin": "Tarrha",
  "greek": "Τάρρα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town; coins ΤΑΡΡΑΙΩΝ",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic town; coins ΤΑΡΡΑΙΩΝ",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2362,
  "lon": 23.97,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590072,
  "site": "Agia Roumeli (Sfakia, Chania)",
  "modern": "Αγία Ρουμέλη / Agia Roumeli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Oreioi koinon; Stephanus polis",
  "note": "Seat of Apollo Tarrhaios; glass workshops in Roman times.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Paus. 10.16.5",
   "Pleiades 590072"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g643",
  "latin": "Rhaukos",
  "greek": "Ῥαῦκος",
  "other_names": "Agios Myron (medieval village near the site)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis; coins ΡΑΥΚΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis; coins ΡΑΥΚΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2281,
  "lon": 25.0248,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590026,
  "site": "Agios Myronas (Malevizi, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Άγιος Μύρωνας / Agios Myronas",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "Destroyed by Gortyn and Knossos c. 166 BC (Polyb. 30.23). Medieval Agios Myron (cult of St Myron) grew nearby; its status as a medieval see is unverified, so it is not entered separately.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Polyb. 30.23",
   "Pleiades 590026"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g644",
  "latin": "Araden",
  "greek": "Ἀράδην",
  "other_names": "Aradena",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town (Aradenioi in inscriptions)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (Stephanus; inscriptions); Hierocles 'Phoinike or Aradena'",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.2275,
  "lon": 24.0603,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589705,
  "site": "Aradena (Sfakia, Chania)",
  "modern": "Αράδαινα / Aradena",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "the village is mostly abandoned",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic inscriptions; Stephanus polis; Hierocles (with Phoinix)",
  "note": "Hierocles lists 'Phoinike or Aradena' as one city; Phoinix (Loutro) entered separately.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589705"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g645",
  "latin": "Anopolis",
  "greek": "Ἀνώπολις",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.2166,
  "lon": 24.0911,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589694,
  "site": "Anopoli (Sfakia, Chania)",
  "modern": "Ανώπολη / Anopoli",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties; Stephanus",
  "note": "Its harbour was Phoinix (Loutro).",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae II",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Pleiades 589694"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g646",
  "latin": "Sitia",
  "greek": "Σητεία",
  "other_names": "Setaia / Eteia (ancient); Castel Sitia (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic settlement Setaia (Eteia)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 1250,
  "city_from_text": "Venetian town (Castel Sitia) and Latin see (13th c.)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "se-to-i-ja? (Knossos tablets; identification doubtful)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.2085,
  "lon": 26.1083,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590045,
  "site": "Sitia (Sitia, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Σητεία / Siteia",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Sitia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan Petras nearby",
  "status_evidence": "Latin see of Sitia; Venetian town; Stephanus (Setaia)",
  "note": "Ancient Setaia/Eteia was a small dependent place (Myson 'of Eteia'); a medieval see of Siteia is also reported (unconfirmed).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Stephanus s.v. Σηταία",
   "Tsougarakis 1988",
   "Pleiades 590045"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g647",
  "latin": "Lyttos",
  "greek": "Λύττος",
  "other_names": "Lyktos (Λύκτος)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -800,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Geometric settlement continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.647); Archaic laws",
  "origin": "colony",
  "founder": "Spartans (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "Sparta (tradition)",
  "linear_b": "ru-ki-to (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.2081,
  "lon": 25.3682,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589918,
  "site": "Lyttos (Xidas) (Minoa Pediadas, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Λύττος / Lyttos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "restored",
  "name_note": "Xidas until renamed",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan/LM III; ru-ki-to in Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Homer; laws; coins; Hierocles; see",
  "note": "Called a Spartan colony and the oldest city of Crete (Polyb. 4.54; Arist. Pol. 1271b); destroyed by Knossos 220 BC and rebuilt.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Polyb. 4.54",
   "Arist. Pol. 1271b",
   "Pleiades 589918"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g648",
  "latin": "Lykastos",
  "greek": "Λύκαστος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.647)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.647)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ru-ka-to (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 35.2024,
  "lon": 25.1016,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589917,
  "site": "near Kanli Kastelli? (Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Homer; Strabo (a former town taken by Knossos)",
  "note": "Homeric town; Strabo 10.4.14 says it no longer existed, its land held by Knossos.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.647",
   "Strabo 10.4.14",
   "Pleiades 589917"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g747",
  "latin": "Sfakia (Chora Sfakion)",
  "greek": "Σφακιά",
  "other_names": "Chora Sfakion; Sfachia (Venetian); Isfakya (Ottoman)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": 1700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "chief place and harbour of the self-governing, ship-owning Sfakian community in the 18th c.",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 7,
  "city_from": 1700,
  "city_from_text": "seat of the Ottoman district (kaza) of Sfakia; Sfakian merchant fleet before 1770",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "emg",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 35.2014,
  "lon": 24.1386,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": null,
  "site": "Chora Sfakion (Sfakia, Chania)",
  "modern": "Χώρα Σφακίων / Chora Sfakion",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Σφακιά / Χώρα Σφακίων",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Sfakia",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "village in the Venetian censuses of the later 16th c.",
  "status_evidence": "district seat; merchant ships (rising of Daskalogiannis 1770); burned 1770 and 1821",
  "note": "A self-governing mountain and seafaring community, but small; its town status before 1821 is doubtful. Separate from Anopolis (c. 4 km) and Phoinix/Loutro.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Pashley, Travels in Crete (1837)",
   "Detorakis, History of Crete (1994)",
   "ΜΕΕ s.v. Σφακιά"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g649",
  "latin": "Phoinix",
  "greek": "Φοῖνιξ",
  "other_names": "Phoinike (Hierocles); Phoenix (Acts 27:12)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic–Roman harbour town (Strabo 10.4.3; Acts 27:12)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "Hierocles 'Phoinike or Aradena'; see (Nicaea 787)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.1992,
  "lon": 24.0783,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589993,
  "site": "Loutro (Sfakia, Chania)",
  "modern": "Λουτρό / Loutro",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles; see (Nicaea 787)",
  "note": "Harbour of Anopolis/Araden; the identification of the see named at the councils with Loutro follows the council lists.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles",
   "council lists",
   "Acts 27:12",
   "Pleiades 589993"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g650",
  "latin": "Kamara",
  "greek": "Καμάρα",
  "other_names": "Lato pros Kamara; Agios Nikolaos; Mirabello (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -200,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic harbour town of Lato ('Lato pros Kamara')",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 100,
  "city_from_text": "Roman city (Ptolemy); Hierocles; see",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.1908,
  "lon": 25.7173,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589900,
  "site": "Agios Nikolaos (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Άγιος Νικόλαος / Agios Nikolaos",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "Lasithi",
  "muni_seat": "Agios Nikolaos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Hierocles; Notitia (Kamara)",
  "note": "Different site from Lato (c. 4 km); took over as the city in Roman times.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles",
   "Ptolemy 3.15",
   "Pleiades 589900"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g651",
  "latin": "Lato",
  "greek": "Λατώ",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic town (7th c. BC) on the Goulas saddle",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -600,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (IACP)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "ra-to? (Knossos tablets; identification doubtful)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.1785,
  "lon": 25.6557,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589899,
  "site": "Goulas, near Kritsa (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "Superseded by its port Kamara in Roman times.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Ducrey & Picard, Lato",
   "Pleiades 589899"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g652",
  "latin": "Rhizenia",
  "greek": "Ῥιζηνία",
  "other_names": "Rhittenia (Ῥιττενία); Prinias",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Geometric settlement on the Patela; Archaic temples (c. 650 BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -450,
  "city_from_text": "treaty of Gortyn with Rhittenia (5th c. BC)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.169,
  "lon": 25.0065,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589981,
  "site": "Patela, Prinias (Gortyna, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM IIIC settlement on the Patela",
  "status_evidence": "treaty with Gortyn; Archaic sanctuaries",
  "note": "Identification of Prinias with Rhizenia/Rhittenia is likely but debated.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae IV",
   "Rizza, Priniàs",
   "Pleiades 589981"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g653",
  "latin": "Praisos",
  "greek": "Πραισός",
  "other_names": "Prasos (Πρᾶσος)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins with Greek legend ΠΡΑΙΣΙΩΝ (4th c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -480,
  "city_from_text": "Praisians as a community (Hdt. 7.170); Eteocretan polis (Strabo 10.4.6)",
  "origin": "Hellenized native town",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (native town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "mixed",
  "lang_note": "Eteocretan inscriptions in the Greek alphabet (6th-3rd c. BC) beside Greek coins and decrees",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.1233,
  "lon": 26.0905,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590011,
  "site": "Praisos, near Nea Praisos (Sitia, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the village Nea Praisos (renamed) lies nearby",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Eteocretan town; LM and Geometric–Archaic sanctuaries",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hdt.; coins; Greek treaty with Stalai (3rd c. BC)",
  "note": "Chief Eteocretan city; destroyed by Hierapytna c. 145-140 BC. Greek dated from its Greek-legend coinage, not earlier.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Strabo 10.4.6",
   "Duhoux, L'étéocrétois",
   "Pleiades 590011"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g654",
  "latin": "Istron",
  "greek": "Ἴστρων",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΙΣΤΡΩΝΙΩΝ",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΙΣΤΡΩΝΙΩΝ",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.1186,
  "lon": 25.7234,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589822,
  "site": "Kalo Chorio (Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Geometric Vrokastro nearby",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Pleiades 589822"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g655",
  "latin": "Azoria",
  "greek": "",
  "other_names": "ancient name unknown",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -650,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Archaic town with civic buildings (andreion, prytaneion), c. 650-500 BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic town with civic buildings (andreion, prytaneion), c. 650-500 BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 35.118,
  "lon": 25.8667,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 180252821,
  "site": "Azoria hill, Kavousi (Ierapetra, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "EIA settlement (Kavousi Vronda/Kastro nearby)",
  "status_evidence": "excavated Archaic urban centre with public buildings",
  "note": "Interpreted by the excavators (Haggis) as an early polis; abandoned c. 500 BC; not in IACP.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Haggis et al., Hesperia 2007-2011",
   "Pleiades 180252821"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g656",
  "latin": "Arkades",
  "greek": "Ἀρκάδες",
  "other_names": "Arkadia (Ἀρκαδία, Roman and medieval)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -900,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Protogeometric–Orientalizing cemetery at Afrati",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic polis (IACP)",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.1027,
  "lon": 25.3423,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589710,
  "site": "Profitis Ilias near Afrati (Minoa Pediadas, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Αφράτι / Afrati",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "LM IIIC settlement",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Hellenistic treaties; Hierocles (Arkadia); see (Nicaea 787); Latin see under Venice",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Levi, Arkades",
   "council lists",
   "Pleiades 589710"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g657",
  "latin": "Datala",
  "greek": "Δατάλα",
  "other_names": "Dataleis (Δαταλεῖς)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -500,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Spensithios decree, c. 500 BC: 'resolved by the Dataleis'",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "decade",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -500,
  "city_from_text": "Spensithios decree, c. 500 BC: 'resolved by the Dataleis'",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.1022,
  "lon": 25.3408,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589752,
  "site": "unlocated, near Afrati (Minoa Pediadas, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "lost/unlocated",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Archaic decree of the polis (Spensithios inscription)",
  "note": "Known only from the Spensithios bronze; perhaps a community later absorbed by Arkades or Lyttos.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Jeffery & Morpurgo Davies, Kadmos 9 (1970)",
   "Pleiades 589752"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g658",
  "latin": "Malla",
  "greek": "Μάλλα",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΜΑΛΛΑΙΩΝ; treaty with Lyttos",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis; coins ΜΑΛΛΑΙΩΝ; treaty with Lyttos",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0831,
  "lon": 25.5819,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589921,
  "site": "Malles (Ierapetra, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Μάλλες / Malles",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "coins; Hellenistic treaties",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Pleiades 589921"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g659",
  "latin": "Oleros",
  "greek": "Ὠλερός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town (sanctuary of Athena Oleria)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis, absorbed by Hierapytna",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.0708,
  "lon": 25.7142,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589957,
  "site": "Meseleroi (Ierapetra, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Μεσελέροι / Meseleroi",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "< (Mesa) Oleros",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic inscriptions; Stephanus",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae III",
   "Pleiades 589957"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g660",
  "latin": "Gortyn",
  "greek": "Γόρτυν",
  "other_names": "Gortyna (Γόρτυνα); Larissa, Kremnia (Steph. Byz.)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "LM IIIC–Protogeometric settlement on the Agios Ioannis acropolis, continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -650,
  "city_from_text": "Archaic laws on stone (7th-6th c.); Great Code c. 450 BC",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition; Plato, Laws 708a: colonists from the Peloponnese)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0621,
  "lon": 24.9469,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589796,
  "site": "Agioi Deka / Mitropoli (Gortyna, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Άγιοι Δέκα / Agioi Deka",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "the municipality is named Gortyna",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Gortyna",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Neolithic and Minoan (Kannia villa)",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; laws; coins; capital of Creta et Cyrenaica; Hierocles metropolis; see (431-692)",
  "note": "Abandoned as a city after the Arab conquest (828); metropolis moved to Chandax after 961.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Inscriptiones Creticae IV",
   "Di Vita, Gortina",
   "Pleiades 589796"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g661",
  "latin": "Biannos",
  "greek": "Βίαννος",
  "other_names": "Bienna (Βιέννα)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (treaties)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -300,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic polis (treaties)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0608,
  "lon": 25.4029,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589730,
  "site": "Ano Viannos (Viannos, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Άνω Βιάννος / Ano Viannos",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Viannos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic treaties; Hierocles (Bienna)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589730"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g662",
  "latin": "Phaistos",
  "greek": "Φαιστός",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -1000,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Subminoan–Protogeometric settlement continuing into the polis",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 1,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.648); Archaic polis",
  "origin": "migration",
  "founder": "Dorians (tradition)",
  "founder_group": "Dorians",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "pa-i-to (Knossos tablets)",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0512,
  "lon": 24.8144,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589987,
  "site": "Phaistos (Phaistos, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "Minoan palace; pa-i-to in Linear B",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; Homer; coins",
  "note": "Destroyed by Gortyn c. 150 BC (Strabo 10.4.14).",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Strabo 10.4.14",
   "Pleiades 589987"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g663",
  "latin": "Priansos",
  "greek": "Πρίανσος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -350,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "coins ΠΡΙΑΝΣΙΕΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -350,
  "city_from_text": "coins ΠΡΙΑΝΣΙΕΩΝ (4th-3rd c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0459,
  "lon": 25.2584,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590013,
  "site": "Kastelliana (Minoa Pediadas, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Καστελλιανά / Kastelliana",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis(?); coins; treaty with Hierapytna (c. 200 BC)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae I",
   "Svoronos, Numismatique de la Crète",
   "Pleiades 590013"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g664",
  "latin": "Stalai",
  "greek": "Σταλαί",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -250,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Greek treaty with Praisos (3rd c. BC)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -250,
  "city_from_text": "Greek treaty with Praisos (3rd c. BC)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.038,
  "lon": 25.9676,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 590059,
  "site": "near Makry Gialos (Ierapetra, Lasithi), site uncertain",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "treaty with Praisos (IC III vi 7)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Inscriptiones Creticae III",
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Pleiades 590059"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g665",
  "latin": "Rhytion",
  "greek": "Ῥύτιον",
  "other_names": "Rhytiassos",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -700,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.648)",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 2,
  "city_from": -700,
  "city_from_text": "Homeric Catalogue (Il. 2.648)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 35.0122,
  "lon": 25.1674,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 590033,
  "site": "Kastelli near Rotasi (Phaistos, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "the nearby village Rotasi preserves the name (Rhytiassos)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Homer; IACP(?); later a dependency of Gortyn",
  "note": "Homeric town; later in Gortyn's territory.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Il. 2.648",
   "Strabo 10.4.14",
   "Pleiades 590033"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g666",
  "latin": "Hierapytna",
  "greek": "Ἱεράπυτνα",
  "other_names": "Kyrba, Pytna, Kamiros (earlier names, Strabo/Steph.); Ierapetra; Gerapetra (Venetian)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Lasithi",
  "greek_from": -400,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); coins from 3rd c. BC",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 3,
  "city_from": -400,
  "city_from_text": "Classical polis (IACP); coins from 3rd c. BC",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 35.0095,
  "lon": 25.7387,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589807,
  "site": "Ierapetra (Ierapetra, Lasithi)",
  "modern": "Ιεράπετρα / Ierapetra",
  "modern_status": "city/town on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "Gerapetra (Venetian)",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Ierapetra",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "IACP polis; coins; treaties; Hierocles; see; Venetian town and Latin see",
  "note": "Earlier names Kyrba/Pytna/Kamiros (the last suggesting a Rhodian link); destroyed Praisos c. 145 BC.",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "IACP (Crete, Perlman)",
   "Strabo 10.4.12",
   "Hierocles",
   "Pleiades 589807"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g667",
  "latin": "Inatos",
  "greek": "Ἴνατος",
  "other_names": "",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "attested by",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic harbour town of Priansos",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "first attestation",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "one of the 22 cities of Crete in Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "probable",
  "lat": 34.9878,
  "lon": 25.2837,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589819,
  "site": "Tsoutsouros (Minoa Pediadas, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "Τσούτσουρος / Tsoutsouros",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "different",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "yes",
  "pre_note": "cave sanctuary of Eileithyia from the Geometric period",
  "status_evidence": "Ptolemy; Hierocles",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "Doric-speaking when first attested; when and how it became Greek (Dorian settlement, or Minoan or Eteocretan people who took up Greek) is not recorded.",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles",
   "Ptolemy 3.15",
   "Pleiades 589819"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g668",
  "latin": "Lasaia",
  "greek": "Λασαία",
  "other_names": "Lasea",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Heraklion",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic town",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": -200,
  "city_from_text": "Hellenistic dependent polis of Gortyn (Chaniotis 2000); 'the city of Lasea' (Acts 27:8)",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "secure",
  "lat": 34.9408,
  "lon": 24.8183,
  "loc_certainty": "secure",
  "pleiades": 589897,
  "site": "near Kaloi Limenes (Phaistos, Heraklion)",
  "modern": "",
  "modern_status": "ruins only",
  "name_today": "",
  "name_note": "",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hellenistic inscriptions (dependent polis of Gortyn); Acts 27:8 (polis)",
  "note": "",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Acts 27:8",
   "Pleiades 589897"
  ]
 },
 {
  "id": "g669",
  "latin": "Gavdos",
  "greek": "Καῦδος",
  "other_names": "Klaudos (Κλαῦδος, Hierocles); Clauda (Acts 27:16)",
  "territory": "Crete",
  "region9": "Crete",
  "regional_unit": "Chania",
  "greek_from": -300,
  "date_kind": "archaeology",
  "greek_from_text": "Hellenistic settlement, dependency of Gortyn",
  "disputed": "",
  "date_basis": "archaeology",
  "date_precision": "century",
  "period": 4,
  "city_from": 527,
  "city_from_text": "'island Klaudos' among the 22 cities of Crete in Hierocles",
  "origin": "Greek town grown into city",
  "founder": "",
  "founder_group": "none (Greek town)",
  "metropolis": "",
  "linear_b": "",
  "dialect": "dor",
  "lang_flag": "",
  "lang_note": "",
  "certainty": "uncertain",
  "lat": 34.8673,
  "lon": 24.0714,
  "loc_certainty": "approximate",
  "pleiades": 589859,
  "site": "Gavdos island (Gavdos, Chania)",
  "modern": "Γαύδος (Καστρί) / Gavdos (Kastri)",
  "modern_status": "village on site",
  "name_today": "continuous",
  "name_note": "island name continuous",
  "ru_capital": "",
  "muni_seat": "Gavdos",
  "pre_settlement": "unknown",
  "pre_note": "",
  "status_evidence": "Hierocles",
  "note": "Counts only through Hierocles' list; no polis institutions known.",
  "decision": "",
  "sources": [
   "Hierocles",
   "Acts 27:16",
   "Pleiades 589859"
  ]
 }
]